高考英语时态与语态课件

高考高考语法复法复习动词时态与与语态The Father and His SonFather:Youknow,Tom,whenLincoln_(be)yourage,he_(be)averygoodpupil.Infact,he_(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.Tom:Yes,Father.I_(know)that.Butwhenhe_(be)yourage,he_(be)PresidentoftheUnitedStates.waswaswaswaswasknowWho is the laziest?Father：Well,Tom,I _(ask)your teacherToday,and now I _(want)to ask you a question.Who _(be)the laziest person in your class?Tom:I _(not know),Father.Father:Oh,yes,you_(do)!Think!When the Other boys and girls_(read and write),who _(sit)in class and only _(watch)how the other people work?Tom:Our teacher,teacher.askedwantisdont knowdoare reading and writingsitswatches熟读深思熟读下列各句,结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词发生的时间或所处的状态,理解不同时态的用法与构成。1.Igetupat7：00everymorning.我每天早上七点起床。(经常的动作)动词时态2.Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。(客观真理)3.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。(格言或警句)4.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.我们小时候常在一起玩。5.Theyre having a meeting now.他们现在在开会。(现在)6.Im studying at an evening school.我在上夜校。(现阶段)7.Shes always helping others.她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)8.I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。(在过去某个时候看来,将要发生的事)9.I have seen the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。(暗示：我已知道电影的内容了)10.She has been a dancer for ten years.她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。(从十年前开始一直到现在)11.When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时,小偷们已经跑了。(过去的过去)12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到来时,他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。(过去的过去)13.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国人造纸有2000年了。(两千年前开始造纸,现在依然在造纸)14.He will come if you invite him.如果你请他,他会来的。(条件句中在一般现在时代替一般将来时)15.The plane takes off at 11：30.飞机十一点半起飞。(时刻表中的规定)16.Mike is coming home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来。(近期计划,常与表示将来的时间状语连用)17.What are you going to do tomorrow?你打算明天做什么呢？(打算)18.Lookattheclouds;itsgoingtorain.你看天上的云,快下雨了。(已有迹象表明)19.TheyaretobemarriedinJune.他们将在六月结婚。(正式安排)20.HeisabouttosetoffforBeijing.他马上要去北京。(即将)归纳总结1.时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有以下10种时态：时态名称名称构成构成(以以do为例例)主要用法主要用法一般一般现在在时do/does经常性或常性或习惯性性动作，客作，客观事事实，现在的状在的状态一般一般过去去时did在在过去某个去某个时间里所里所发生的生的动作或存在的状作或存在的状态一般将来一般将来时will/shall do在将来某一在将来某一时刻要刻要发生的生的动作或存在的状作或存在的状态过去将来去将来时woulddo在在过去某一去某一时刻看来将要刻看来将要发生的生的动作或存在的状作或存在的状态现在在进行行时am/is/aredoing表示表示现在或在或现阶段正在段正在发生的生的动作作过去去进行行时was/weredoing表示在表示在过去某一去某一时间内正在内正在进行的行的动作作将来将来进行行时will/shallbedoing表示将来某一表示将来某一时间正在正在进行的行的动作作现在完成在完成时have/hasdone表示表示说话之前已之前已发生或完成的生或完成的动作或状作或状态，其，其结果的影响果的影响现在依然在依然存在；也可表示持存在；也可表示持续到到现在的在的动作或状作或状态过去完成去完成时had done表示在表示在过去某一去某一时间或某个或某个动作之前已作之前已经发生或完成的生或完成的动作，作，即即“过去的去的过去去”；表示从；表示从过去某去某时开始一直延开始一直延续到另一个到另一个过去去时间的的动作或状作或状态现在完成在完成进行行时have/has been doing表示一个从表示一个从过去就开始一直延去就开始一直延续到到现在并有可能在并有可能继续下去的下去的动作作2.表示将来有多种方式表示将来有多种方式,请注意比注意比较：will/shalldo表示表示单纯的将来或的将来或临时的决定。的决定。begoingtodo表示主表示主观打算或已有迹象表明将要打算或已有迹象表明将要发生某事。生某事。be about to do表示即将，不与表示将来的表示即将，不与表示将来的时间连用。用。do/does(一般一般现在在时)在在时刻表中刻表中规定要定要发生某事或在生某事或在时间、条件状、条件状语从句中。从句中。be to do按按计划或正式安排将划或正式安排将发生的事。生的事。最常用的几种最常用的几种时态与与时间状状语的搭配的搭配一般现在every,sometimes,at,on Sunday 现在进行now,现在完成for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently 一般过去yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 过去进行this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as 一般将来next,tomorrow,in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作一、一、对一般一般现在在时的考的考查1.考考查其基本概念：一般其基本概念：一般现在在时表示一个表示一个习惯性、性、经常性的常性的动作。常与表示作。常与表示习惯的副的副词always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等等连用。但近几年，用。但近几年，对一般一般现在在时的考的考查常用常用过去去时态或或现在完成在完成时态对考生考生进行干行干扰。1)Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorm.（2005年年辽宁卷）宁卷）A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled2.考考查一般一般现在在时的替代用法：的替代用法：在以在以when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before等引等引导的的时间状状语从句，在以从句，在以if,unless,once等引等引导的条件的条件状状语从句和以从句和以nomatter,however,evenif等等词引引导的的让步状步状语从句中，如果主句中的从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来用一般将来时，从句中的，从句中的动词通常用一般通常用一般现在在时或或现在完成在完成时代替一般将来代替一般将来时。Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.（2005年全国卷）年全国卷）A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining二、二、对一般一般过去去时的考的考查一般一般过去去时表示在表示在过去某去某时某刻某刻发生的生的动作或存在的状作或存在的状态，它常与表，它常与表过去的去的时间状状语连用，如用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in1999,atthattime等。但是一般等。但是一般过去去时也也经常用在没有常用在没有说明明过去的去的时间状状语的句子中，的句子中，这是高考的命是高考的命题方向。方向。Iboughtanewcarthree days ago.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.（2005年上海卷）年上海卷）A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensentnowbought三、三、对现在在进行行时的考的考查由上下文由上下文语境表示境表示时间。1)Whatstheterriblenoise？Theneighbors_foraparty（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare2)Becausetheshop_,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.（2004年浙江卷年浙江卷34题）A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown3)Areyoustillbusy?Yes,I_mywork,anditwonttakelong.AjustfinishB.amjustfinishingChavejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish4)SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning5)Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange四、四、对过去去进行行时的考的考查I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow1.把把过去去进行行时放在放在when,while,as等引等引导的的时间状状语从句中考从句中考查。如果主句。如果主句谓语和从句和从句谓语都都发生在生在过去，去，动作作时间长的用的用过去去进行行时，表达，表达谈话背景；背景；动作作时间短的用一般短的用一般过去去时，表达新的信息。，表达新的信息。YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.Oh,I_forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.（2004年福建卷）年福建卷）A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited2.把把过去去进行行时放在某特定的放在某特定的语境中考境中考查。HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（2004年全国卷）年全国卷）A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone3.考考查过去去进行行时与一般与一般过去去时的比的比较。Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98）A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting五、五、对现在完成在完成时的考的考查1.现在完成在完成时表示表示过去的去的动作作对现在的影响或表示在的影响或表示经验。2.现在完成在完成进行行时表示表示过去的去的动作一直延作一直延续至今并可能至今并可能继续下去，常与下去，常与for或或since等短等短语连用。用。I_(graduate)in1993andinthatyearI_(begin)toteachEnglishinamiddleschool.I_(teach)thereforfiveyears.Fiveyearslater,I_(move)toPinghu.I_(teach)seniorEnglishinDanghuHighSchoolfornearly9yearseversincethen.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhavetaught/havebeenteaching1993now19989 years5 years1)Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.(2005湖北湖北)A.weredecidingB.havedecidedC.decidedD.willdecide2)Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.（2005重重庆）A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused3)Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.（2004全国卷）全国卷）A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned注：由注：由终止性止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等等构成的完成构成的完成时不能与不能与for或或since引引导的的时间状状语连用用。但。但这些些终止性止性动词的否定式的否定式可以与可以与for或或since短短语连用用。Eg.Ihaventmethimfortwoyears.3.考考查现在完成在完成时与一般与一般过去式的区去式的区别：一般一般过去去时着重着重说明明动作作发生的生的时间、地点、方式等，与、地点、方式等，与现在不在不发生生联系，且句中一般有表示系，且句中一般有表示过去的去的时间状状语；而而现在完成在完成时只只说明明现在的情况，在的情况，对现在有影响。在有影响。Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.（98NMET）I_itrighthere.Butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;putThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、六、对现在完成在完成进行行时的考的考查构成构成:have/hasbeen+doing概念概念:表示从表示从过去某一去某一时刻刻发生的生的动作，一直延作，一直延续到到现在，并且在，并且还可能可能继续下去。下去。现在完成在完成进行行时与与现在完成在完成时的区的区别如下：如下：1.现在完成在完成时与与现在完成在完成进行行时Ihavewrittenanarticle.Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延有些延续性性动词，如，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因等因现在完成在完成时与与现在完成在完成进行行时差差别不大。不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表短：表短暂动作的作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用等）一般不能用现在完成在完成进行行时。强调：已完成性：已完成性强调：持：持续性，性，未完成性未完成性1)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider2)-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted七、七、对过去完成去完成时态的考的考查过去完成去完成时，经常以常以“过去去”为背景，要想表达比背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的一背景更早的动作，即作，即“过去的去的过去去”，常用此，常用此时态。Eg.Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.Whatapity!hadsoldgotNow过去的去的过去去GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?No,I_.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?（2004年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadntbeeninvitedD.didntinvite常常见考点有：考点有：把把过去完成去完成时放在含有放在含有when,before,after,until,assoonas等引等引导的的时间状状语从句的复合句中考从句的复合句中考查。1)Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid把把过去完成去完成时放在放在by+过去去时间点或点或bythetime+从句（一般从句（一般过去去时）的句子里考）的句子里考查。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.（2003年上海春）年上海春）A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted1.-Doyouworkhere?-No,Idontreallyworkhere.I_untilthenewsecretarycomes.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout举一反三破定一反三破定势造成思造成思维定式的干定式的干扰因素：因素：comes从从现主将主将误选just完成完成时标志志误选B题眼：眼：Idontreallyworkhere暂时性工作性工作正确正确选项CJust的多的多义：刚正只不正只不过引起祈使句引起祈使句2.I_inLondonformanyyears，butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.(重重庆卷卷).A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived造成思造成思维定定势的干的干扰因素：因素：formanyyears完成完成时标志志误选C/D解解题关关键：Formanyyears与与现在在无无联系系一般一般过去去时A被被动语态熟读深思朗读下列被动句,体会被动语态的用法;观察谓语部分,思考各种时态被动语态的构成。1.The G8 is made up of political leaders.(BSDM4,P 22)被动语态2.The Group of Eight,or G8,was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998.(M4,P 22)3.The news is being celebrated by crowds in the streets.(M4,P 23)4.At 12:45 UK time today,the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by IOC in Singapore.(M4,P 23)5.Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.(M4，P 22)6.Londons name had been announced twice before.(M4,P 23)7.It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year,as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.(M4,P22)8.TheywanttheleaderstocancelthedebtofAfricaspoorestcountriessothattheproblemstherecanbepreventedfromgettinganyworse.(M4,P22)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,就用被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，时态、人称和数的变化是通过be来体现的。以do为例,请完成下表：归纳总结时态被被动语态的构成的构成1一般一般现在在时am/is/are+done2一般一般过去去时was/were+done3现在在进行行时am/is/are being+done4过去去进行行时was/were being+done5现在完成在完成时have been+done6过去完成去完成时had been+done7一般将来一般将来时be going to/will be+done8含情含情态动词情情态动词+be+done1.只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agreewith，sufferfrom，belongto等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。2.像happen，takeplace等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。3.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态,不要漏掉介词。如：The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。4.以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：系动词feel，look，seem,appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是事物。如：The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。write，read,clean，sell，wash,cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或与well,badly,easily等副词连用,主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：The book sells well.那本书很畅销。The window wont open.这扇窗开不了。cook，bake，make，print，pack，build，workout等动词用于进行时态时。如：Thefishiscooking.鱼正在煮。在语法填空中,动词的时态是必考内容。10空中通常有一空是考查时态的,其中,最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是主要是第三人称单数的一般现在时态,以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。被动语态是可能要考的内容,特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。若掌握好被动语态,在写作中适当运用,可使句子更加多样化,有时甚至会更加自然、生动。时态语态与高考有一空是考查非谓语动词的。因此，解题方法如下：首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态；二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态；三是要注意主谓一致，最后才能确定所填动词的形式。在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断：1.看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；2.在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词的形式；3.看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/wereabouttodo.when.didItis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)Ithadbeen+时间段+since从句(过去完成时)Itwillbe+时间段+since从句(一般现在时)It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat.have/hasdone.It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat.haddone.Hardlyhad+主语+done.when.did.Nosoonerhad+主语+done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。几种几种时态的替代的替代问题A：一般：一般现在在时代替将来代替将来时：除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)B：一般：一般现在在时代替完成代替完成时：句型“It is since”代替“It has been since”It is(=has been)five years since we last met C：一般：一般现在在时代替代替进行行时：在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：Look,here comes Mr.Li.请根据以上技巧,完成以下历年高考试题。1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemotevillage.broke2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.results3.Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows,hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).pushedwasinformed4.IgotonthebusandfoundaseatnearthebackandthenInoticedamansittingatthefront.He_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.waspretending1.If you dont like the drink you _(order)，just leave it and try a different one.灵活运用ordered2.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _(do).am doing3.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give)in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.was giving4.It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I came to this school.have attended5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.have been produced6.Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _(receive)from China.had received7.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son _(graduate)from college.had graduated8.Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months.has been working9.Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he _(save)enough for a used one.will have saved10.Is everyone here？Not yet.Look,there _(come)the rest of our guests!come11.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.wears12.Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.have13.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.14.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.camehave arrived15.Up to now,the program _(save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.has saved16.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.will be made17.Experiments of this kind _(conduct)in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.had been conducted18.After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team _(rescue)four days later.was rescued19.All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.are treated20.The church tower which _(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.is being restored21.This coastal area _(name)a national wildlife reserve last year.was named22.Linda,make sure the tables _(set)before the guests arrive.are set23.Youve failed to do what you _(expect)to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.were expected24.People say that a smile can _(pass)from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.be passed25.When research _(assign),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.is assigned26.The meeting _(hold)tomorrow.27.All the tickets _(sell)out when they rushed there.will be heldhad been sold28.The cloth _(wash)well.29.The door wont _(shut).washesshut二、语篇填空Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce you plans for our school.A lot of work 1 _(do)in the past few years.The library 2 _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.1.由时间状语inthepastfewyears可知。2.根据isreadyforuse可推出。has been donehas been completedA new biology lab 3 _(build)this year.But we dont have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 _(collect)money.The money which is collected 5 _(spend)on new equipment.3.根据句末的thisyear可知用进行时态。4.根据上下文可知。5.根据句意可知。is being builtare collectingwill be spentAt present,a plan 6 _(make)for a party at the end of the term,at which wonderful performances 7 _ (put)on.The gardens of the school 8 _(improve)this year.6.由Atpresent可知用进行时态。7.根据上下文可知。8.根据句意可知。is being madewill be putare being improveNew trees 9 _(plant)which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 _(paint)during the summer holidays.In fact,our school is becoming more and more beautiful.9.根据句意可知。10.根据duringthesummerholidays可知。are being plantedis going to be painted