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优质参参赛课件件 主主讲：*新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1 1电子教案电子教案Unit3PainIsNottheUltimateEnemy3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesTextAppreciationFurtherEnhancementSection1:WarmUpTake the quiz below to see how well you know abouteverydayachesandpains.Lead-inBackgroundInformation1.Somepeoplesaytheyfeelpainintheirhair.T/F?2.Painisalwaysasignthatsomethingiswrong.T/F?3.Redheadsmaybemoresensitivetopainthanpeoplewithotherhaircolors.T/F?4.Growingpainsarereal.T/F?5.Womenhaveahigherthresholdforpain.T/F?6.Exercisecanhelpreducepainovertime.T/F?7.If you have back pain,you should sleep on a firmmattress.T/F?TFTTTFFSection1:WarmUp8.ThemostcommonpainfulconditionisA.lowbackpain.B.cancerpain.C.headache.D.arthritis.9.IcingasprainA.returnssofttissuetonormal.B.decreasesswelling.C.increasescirculation.Lead-inBackgroundInformationABSection1:WarmUp10.ThedifferencebetweenchronicpainandacutepainisA.theintensityofthepain.B.howlongthepainlasts.C.wherethepainis.D.whenthepaincomeson.Lead-inBackgroundInformationBSection1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorAmericanessayistandeditor,NormanCousinswasbornin1915inUnion Hill,New Jersey.He attendedTeachersCollegeatColumbiaUniversity,and then went on to leadan illustrious career as the longtimeeditorofThe Saturday Review.DuringhislifetimeCousinsfendedoffalife-threatening disease and a massivecoronary,both times using his ownregimen of nutritional and emotionalsupportsystemsasopposedtotraditionalmethodsoftreatment.1915-1990BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUpNorman Cousins died in November,1990.He led anextraordinary life,spending his lifetime challenging theodds.HereceivedhundredsofawardsincludingthePeaceMedalfromtheUnitedNations,andnearlyfiftyhonorarydoctorate degrees.He also served as a diplomat duringthreepresidentialadministrations.Cousinswroteonavarietyofsubjectsandhadmanypublications.In1979,hisAnatomy of an Illnessappeared,abookbasedonCousinsownexperiencewithhislife-threateningillnessandexploringthehealingabilityofthehumanmind.BackgroundInformationLead-inSection2:GlobalReadingStructuralAnalysisMainIdeaA.Tocriticizeover-advertisementofpain-killers.B.To enlighten the public on the causes and mechanismsofpain.C.Toillustratetraditionalmisconceptionsaboutpainandpain-killers.D.To recommend solutions for pain and the pain-relatedilliteracy.Decide which of the following best states the authorspurpose.Section2:GlobalReadingPleasedividethetextinto4partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragraph1)Introduction Paragraph1statesthatAmericansarethemostpain-consciouspeopleintheworldandintroducestheresultofthisover-consciousness.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIII(Paragraphs8-12)HarmofPain-KillingDrugs Paragraphs 8-12,making use of typical examples,illustratetheharmofpain-killingdrugs.Section2:GlobalReadingParagraphs 2-7 focus on the American peoplesignoranceaboutpain.Theypointouttheirabuseofpain-killingdrugs,andreasonsforandharmoftheabuse,andsuggestthecorrectwaystoconfrontpainindailylife.PartII(Paragraphs2-7)AmericanPeoplesIgnoranceaboutPainStructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIV(Paragraph13)Conclusion InParagraph13,theauthorcallsuponallthepartiesconcernedtotakeactiontoeducatepeopleaboutpainandpain-killingdrugs.Section2:GlobalReadingSection3:DetailedReading1Americansareprobablythemostpain-consciouspeopleonthefaceoftheearth.Foryearswehavehaditdrummedinto usin print,on radio,over television,in everydayconversationthat any hint of pain is to be banished asthough it were the ultimate evil.As a result,we arebecoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs,escalatingtheslightestacheintoasearingordeal.2Weknowverylittleaboutpainandwhatwedontknowmakesithurtallthemore.Indeed,noformofilliteracyinPainIsNottheUltimateEnemyQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingtheUnitedStatesissowidespreadorcostlyasignoranceaboutpainwhatitis,whatcausesit,howtodealwithitwithoutpanic.Almosteveryonecanrattleoffthenamesofatleastadozendrugsthatcandeadenpainfromeveryconceivablecauseallthewayfromheadachestohemorrhoids.Thereisfarlessknowledgeaboutthefactthatabout90percentofpainisself-limiting,thatitisnotalwaysanindicationofpoorhealth,andthat,mostfrequently,itistheresultoftension,stress,worry,idleness,boredom,frustration,suppressedrage,insufficientsleep,overeating,poorlybalanceddiet,smoking,QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingexcessivedrinking,inadequateexercise,staleair,oranyoftheother abuses encountered by the human body in modernsociety.32Themostignoredfactofallaboutpainisthatthebestwaytoeliminateitistoeliminatetheabuse.Instead,manypeoplereachalmostinstinctivelyforthepainkillersaspirins,barbiturates,codeines,tranquilizers,sleepingpills,anddozensofotheranalgesicsordesensitizingdrugs.43MostdoctorsareprofoundlytroubledovertheextenttowhichthemedicalprofessiontodayistakingonthetrappingsSection3:DetailedReadingof a pain-killing industry.Their offices are overloaded withpeople who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced thatsomethingdreadfulisabouttohappentothem.4Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletoruntoadoctoratthe first sign of pain has boomeranged.Physicians find itdifficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely inneedofexpertdiagnosisandtreatmentbecausetheirtimeissoaked up by people who have nothing wrong with themexceptatemporaryindispositionorapsychogenicache.Section3:DetailedReading5Patientstendtofeelindignantandinsultedifthephysiciantellsthemhecanfindnoorganiccauseofpain.Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.Theyneedtobeeducatedaboutthefactthatmanyformsofpainhavenounderlyingphysicalcausebutaretheresult,asmentionedearlier,oftension,stress,orhostilefactorsinthegeneralenvironment.Sometimesapainmaybeamanifestationof“conversionhysteria,”thenamegivenbyJeanCharcottoSection3:DetailedReadingphysical symptoms that have their origins in emotionaldisturbances.6Obviously,itisfollyforanindividualtoignoresymptomsthatcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyseriousillness.5Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingbadnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.Totalneglectisnottheanswertohypochondria.6Theonlyanswerhastobeincreasededucationaboutthewaythehumanbodyworks,sothatmoreQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingpeople will be able to steer an intelligent course betweenpromiscuous pill-popping and irresponsible disregard ofgenuinesymptoms.7Ofallformsofpain,noneismoreimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.Almosteveryonehasatelltaleachethatistriggeredwhenevertensionorfatiguereachesacertainpoint.Itcantaketheformofamigraine-typeheadacheorasqueezingpaindeepintheabdomenorcrampsorapaininthelowerbackorevenpaininthejoints.7TheindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakeQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingthecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesnt panic when they occur;he or she does somethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.Then,ifthepainpersistsdespite the absence of apparent cause,the individual willtelephonethedoctor.8Ifignoranceaboutthenatureofpainiswidespread,ignoranceaboutthewaypain-killingdrugsworkisevenmoreso.Whatisnotgenerallyunderstoodisthatmanyofthevauntedpain-killingdrugsconcealthepainwithoutcorrectingtheunderlyingcondition.TheydeadenthemechanismintheSection3:DetailedReadingbodythatalertsthebraintothefactthatsomethingmaybewrong.8Thebodycanpayahighpriceforsuppressionofpainwithoutregardtoitsbasiccause.9Professionalathletesaresometimesseverelydisadvantagedbytrainerswhosejobistokeeptheminaction.9Themorefamoustheathlete,thegreatertheriskthatheorshemaybesubjectedtoextrememedicalmeasureswheninjurystrikes.Thestarbaseballpitcherwhosearmissorebecauseofatornmuscleortissuedamagemayneedsustainedrestmorethananythingelse.ButhisteamisbattlingforaplaceintheWorldSection3:DetailedReadingSeries;sothetrainerorteamdoctor,calledupontoworkhismagic,reachesforastrongdoseofButazolidineorotherpowerfulpainsuppressants.Presto,thepaindisappears!Thepitchertakeshisplaceonthemoundanddoessuperbly.Thatcouldbethelastgame,however,inwhichheisabletothrowaballwithfullstrength.Thedrugsdidntrepairthetornmuscleorcausethedamagedtissuetoheal.Whattheydidwastomaskthepain,enablingthepitchertothrowhard,furtherdamagingthetornmuscle.10Littlewonderthatsomanystarathletesarecutdownintheirprime,morethevictimsofQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingoverzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuriesthemselves.1011Thekingofallpainkillers,ofcourse,isaspirin.TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationpermitsaspirintobesoldwithoutprescription,12butthedrug,contrarytopopularbelief,canbedangerousand,insustaineddoses,potentiallylethal.13Aspirinisself-administeredbymorepeoplethananyotherdrugintheworld.Somepeopleareaspirin-poppers,takingtenormoreaday.Whattheydontknowisthatthesmallestdosecancauseinternalbleeding.14EvenmoreSection3:DetailedReadingserious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic tocollagen,whichhasakeyroleintheformationofconnectivetissue.Sincemanyformsofarthritisinvolvedisintegrationoftheconnectivetissues,thesteadyuseofaspirincanactuallyintensifytheunderlyingarthriticcondition.11Aspirinisnottheonlypain-killingdrug,ofcourse,thatisknowntohavedangeroussideeffects.Dr.DaphneA.Roe,ofCornellUniversity,atamedicalmeetinginNewYorkCityin1974,presentedstartlingevidenceofawiderangeofhazardsassociatedwithsedativesandotherpainsuppressants.SomeofQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingthesedrugsseriouslyinterferewiththeabilityofthebodytometabolize food properly,producing malnutrition.In someinstances,thereisalsothedangerofbone-marrowdepression,interferingwiththeabilityofthebodytoreplenishitsbloodsupply.12Pain-killingdrugsareamongthegreatestadvancesinthehistoryofmedicine.Properlyused,theycanbeabooninalleviatingsufferingandintreatingdisease.15Buttheirindiscriminateandpromiscuoususeismakingpsychologicalcripplesandchronicailersoutofmillionsofpeople.16TheSection3:DetailedReadingunremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs,especiallyovertelevision,hassetthestageforamassanxietyneurosis.17Almostfromthemomentchildrenareoldenoughto situpright infront of atelevisionscreen,they arebeingindoctrinatedintothehypochondriacsclamorousandmorbidworld.Little wonder so many people fear pain more thandeathitself.13Itmightbeagoodideaif18concernedphysiciansandeducatorscouldgettogethertomakeknowledgeaboutpainanimportantpartoftheregularschoolcurriculum.AsfortheSection3:DetailedReadingpopulaceatlarge,perhapssomeofthesametechniquesusedby public-service agencies to make people cancer-consciouscan be used to counteract the growing terror of pain andillness in general.19People ought to know that nothing ismoreremarkableaboutthehumanbodythanitsrecuperativedrive,givenamodicumofrespect.Ifourbroadcastingstationscannot provide equal time for responses to the pain-killingadvertisements,they might at least set aside a few minuteseachdayforcommon-senseremarksonthesubjectofpain.Section3:DetailedReading20As for the Food and Drug Administration,it might beinteresting to know why an agency that has energeticallywarnedtheAmericanpeopleagainsttakingvitaminswithoutprescriptionsisdoingsolittletocontrolover-the-countersaleseachyearofbillionsofpain-killingpills,someofwhichcandomoreharmthanthepaintheyaresupposedtosuppress.QUESTIONACTIVITYSection3:DetailedReadingWhat has been“drummed into”the American people foryears?(Paragraph1)Theidea“thatanyhintofpainistobebanishedasthoughitweretheultimateevil”.Andbecauseofthis,Americanshavebecomefondofpain-killingdrugs.Section3:DetailedReadingWhat is the most harmful part of the American peoplesignoranceaboutpain?(Paragraph2)According to the author,the most widespread orcostly form of illiteracy in the United States isignoranceaboutpain.Themostharmfulpartofitisthatpeoplebelievethatpainistheindicatorofpoorhealthandthebestwaytoeliminatepainistotakepills.Section3:DetailedReadingWhatisonepossiblecauseofpainaccordingtoParagraph5?(Paragraph5)Emotionaldisturbances.Section3:DetailedReadingWhatshouldbethewiseresponsetopain?(Paragraph6)Dontabusepain-killingdrugsandatthesametimepay due attention to symptoms that could be awarningofapotentiallyseriousillness.Section3:DetailedReadingWhy does the author mention the star baseball pitcher?(Paragraph9)The author mentions the star baseball pitcher toillustratethegreatharmofpain-killingdrugs:theyconceal the pain without correcting the underlyingconditionsothatthepatientmissesthebestchanceoftreatmentandrecovery.Andthefamousathletesarethebestrepresentativesofthesevictims.Section3:DetailedReadingWhydoestheauthormentionaspirin?(Paragraph10)Because the U.S.Food and Drug Administrationpermitsaspirintobesoldwithoutprescription,thisdrughasbeenabusedmostseriously,itsnegativesideeffects being unknown to many people.The authorthususesitasanexampletoillustratethegreatharmofabusingpain-killingdrugs.Section3:DetailedReadingWhat should be the responsibility of the media and thegovernmentdepartmentsinreducingtheabuseofpain-killingdrugs?(Paragraph13)Themediashouldsetacertainlengthoftimeeveryday to publicize the common-sense remarks on thesubjectofpain.Asforthegovernmentdepartments,such as the Food and Drug Administration,theyshouldexertamorepositiveinfluenceincontrollingover-the-countersalesofpain-killingdrugseachyear.ClassDiscussionsItissaidthatthepainofthemindismuchworsethanthepainofthebody.Discussthephilosophicalimplicationsofthisstatementandpresentyourviewswithillustrationsfromyourownlifeexperiences.Section3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadinge.g.Theimportanceofgoodmannerswasdrummedintousatanearlyage.Theydrummeditintoherthatshewasnottotellanyone.drumsth.intosb.:toteachsth.tosb.byrepeatingittothemfrequentlySection3:DetailedReadingbanish:pletely;tosendsb.away,especiallyfromtheircountry,andforbidthemtocomebacke.g.Youmusttrytobanishallthoughtsofrevengefromyourmind.Hewasbanishedtoanuninhabitedislandforayear.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1)他们因为吵闹而被赶出了图书馆。他们因为吵闹而被赶出了图书馆。(=Theywerebanishedfromthelibraryformakinganoise.)2)他现在已摈弃了所有退休的念头。他现在已摈弃了所有退休的念头。(=Hehasnowbanishedallthoughtsofretirement.)Section3:DetailedReadinghypochondriac:n.apersonwhocontinuallyworriesabouthishealth,althoughthereisreallynothingwrongwithhime.g.Shesaterriblehypochondriacshesalwaysatthedoctors.Transformation:hypochondrian.astateinwhichapersoncontinuallyworriesabouthishealthwithouthavinganyreasontodosoSection3:DetailedReadinge.g.escalate:v.tomakeorbecomegreaterormoreserious ThedecisiontoescalateUNinvolvementhasbeentakeninthehopesofaswiftendtothehostilities.Theprotestsescalatedintofivedaysofrioting.Section3:DetailedReadingPractice:Translatethefollowingsentences.1)失业后他的经济困难愈发严重。失业后他的经济困难愈发严重。(=Hisfinancialproblemsescalatedafterhebecameunemployed.)2)Anyunexpectedcircumstancethatarisesmayescalatetheconflict.(=任何突发的状况都可能使冲突严重化。任何突发的状况都可能使冲突严重化。)Section3:DetailedReadingsearing:a.extremelyintensee.g.Asearingpainshotupherarm.Theracetookplaceinthesearingheat.Section3:DetailedReadingallthemore:evenmorethanbeforee.g.Severalpublishersrejectedherbook,butthatjustmadeherallthemoredetermined.Thelivingroomisdecoratedinpalecoloursthatmakeitallthemoreairy.Section3:DetailedReadingrattleoff:tosayordosth.veryquicklyandwithoutmuchefforte.g.Sherattledoffthenamesofthepeoplewhowerecomingtotheparty.Marthainstantlyrattledoffthenamesanddescriptions,hardlystumblingoverstrangewords.Section3:DetailedReadingconceivable:a.possibletoimagineortobelievee.g.Life without Jane was conceivable;he mightalwaysrememberherbutnotalwayswithpain.They have done everything conceivable to help thesepeople.Transformation:Ithinkmyunclestillconceivesofmeasafour-year-old.Icantconceivehowanyonecouldbehavesocruelly.conceivev.toimaginesth.e.g.Section3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadinghemorrhoid:n.an itching or painful mass of dilatedveinsinswollenanaltissue痔疮痔疮Section3:DetailedReadingself-limiting:a.relatingtoordenotingsth.whichlimitsitself;here,in medicine,(of a condition)ultimatelyresolvingitselfwithouttreatment自限性的；自行痊愈的自限性的；自行痊愈的Section3:DetailedReadingbarbiturate:n.astrongdrugthatmakespeoplecalmorhelpsthemtosleep巴巴比比妥妥酸酸盐盐（用用于于抑抑制制中中枢枢神神经经系系统统或或安眠的镇静剂）安眠的镇静剂）Section3:DetailedReadingcodeine:n.adrugmadefromopiumwhichisusedtoreducepain可待因可待因Section3:DetailedReadingtranquilizer:n.adrugusedtomakeapersonoranimalcalmere.g.Shewasontranquilizersforalongtimeafterhersondied.Transformation:tranquilize v.to make an animal or person becomeunconsciousorcalm,especiallywithadruge.g.Thispowerfuldrugisusedtotranquilizepatientsundergoingsurgery.Synonym:sedativeSection3:DetailedReadingtranquilityn.e.g.livinginpeaceandtranquilityIlovethetranquilityofthecountryside.Section3:DetailedReadinganalgesic:n.atypeofdrugwhichreducesoreliminatespain止痛剂止痛剂Section3:DetailedReadingdesensitize:v.to cause sb.to experience sth.,usually anemotionorapain,lessstronglythanbeforeSeeing too much violence on television candesensitizepeopletoit.e.g.Section3:DetailedReadingtakeon:toaccept(aparticularjoborresponsibility)e.g.Shetooktoomuchonandmadeherselfill.Nootherorganizationwasableorwillingtotakeonthejob.Section3:DetailedReadingtrappings:n.(pl)allthethingsthatarepartofortypicalofaparticularjob,situationorevent e.g.He enjoyed the trappings of power,such as achauffeur-drivencarandbodyguards.Thedemonstrationhadallthetrappingsofatypical1960speacedemo.Section3:DetailedReadingboomerang:v.to have the opposite effect from the oneintendede.g.Hisplantoreducethenumberofworkersboomerangedonhim.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Ourplantotakeoverthebusinesscouldboomerangonusifwerenotcareful.(=假如我们不谨慎一些，我们想接手这桩生意的计划可能假如我们不谨慎一些，我们想接手这桩生意的计划可能会事与愿违。会事与愿违。)Section3:DetailedReadingindisposition:n.thestateofbeingille.g.Duetoanindisposition,Mr.Johnsonwillnotbeabletocontinuehisperformance.Transformation:indisposeda.ille.g.Sheila Jones is indisposed,so the part of theCountesswillbesungtonightbyDellaDrake.Section3:DetailedReadingpsychogenic:a.originatinginthemindorinmentaloremotionalprocesses;havingapsychologicalratherthanaphysiologicalorigine.g.Occasionallypeopledeveloppsychogenicreactionstofoodwhenthereisnophysicalresponse.Section3:DetailedReadingmanifestation:n.asignofsth.existingorhappeninge.g.Itsthemostobviousmanifestationofallourproblemsandallofourconflicts.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.失业率的增长是政府无能的表现。失业率的增长是政府无能的表现。(=Theriseinunemploymentwasamanifestationofthegovernmentsincompetence.)Section3:DetailedReadingTransformation:manifestv.toshowsth.clearly,throughsignsoractionse.g.manifesta.easilynoticedorobviouse.g.Theworkerschosetomanifesttheirdissatisfactioninaseriesofstrikes.The illness first manifested itself in/as severestomachpains.Her manifest lack of interest in the project hasprovokedseverecriticism.Section3:DetailedReadingmalaise:n.ageneralfeelingofbadhealthorlackofenergy,or an uncomfortable feeling that something is wrong,especiallywithsociety,andalackofabilitytochangethesituation e.g.Theyclaimitisasymptomofadeeperandmoregeneralmalaiseinsociety.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Wewerediscussingtherootsofthecurrenteconomicmalaise.(=我们正在讨论当前经济萎靡的根源。我们正在讨论当前经济萎靡的根源。)Section3:DetailedReadingpill-popping:n.pill-takingTransformation:poppills:totakepillsregularly,especiallyonescontaininganillegaldruge.g.pill-popper:peoplewhotakepillsregularlyA decade of heavy drinking and popping pillsruinedherhealth.Section3:DetailedReadingtelltale:a.thatgivesawayinformation,oftenaboutsth.badthatwouldotherwisenotbenoticede.g.Shefoundlipstickonhisshirtsthetelltalesignthathewashavinganaffair.Onlyoccasionallydidthetelltalerednessaroundhiseyesbetraythefatiguehewassuffering.Section3:DetailedReadingmigraine:n.severecontinuouspaininthehead,oftenwithvomitinganddifficultyinseeinge.g.amigraineheadacheConsidering the amount of stress shes under,itsnotsurprisingshekeepsgettingmigraines.Section3:DetailedReadingabdomen:n.thelowerpartofapersonsoranimalsbody,whichcontainsthestomach,bowelsandotherorgans,ortheendofaninsectsbody腹部腹部Section3:DetailedReadingcramp:n.asuddenpainfultighteninginamuscle,oftenafteralotofexercise,whichlimitsmovement痉挛痉挛 e.g.stomachcrampsIvegotacrampinmyfoot.Section3:DetailedReadingjoint:n.a place in your body w
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