过去分词作定语和表语课件

过去分去分词作定作定语和表和表语Objective熟练识别集合名词的数，并掌握熟练识别集合名词的数，并掌握如何保持语句的主谓语一致。如何保持语句的主谓语一致。1.Following Janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.2.Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.Discovering Discovering The team _ some good players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)hasareThe group _ made up of nine students.(be)The group _ dancing happily.(be)isareThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.(be)isA knife and fork _ used to have meals.(be)is主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。二、意义一致二、意义一致三、就近原则三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致Subjectverb Agreement 主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：例如：I often help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致一、语法一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。如：如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包围了这位政府官员。人群包围了这位政府官员。Maths is hard to learn.数学难学。数学难学。二、意义一致二、意义一致就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。三、就近原则三、就近原则1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代 词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情 况：况：(1)and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或连接两个或两个以上不同的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：例如：He and I are both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。注意的规则注意的规则A.表整体概念的并列结构：表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and orderB.配套事物：配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.(2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构 是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词后面的名词 前不加冠词。前不加冠词。2.主语后面带有主语后面带有with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语等引导的短语 时，谓语动词必须时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人与前面的主语在人 称和数上保持一致。称和数上保持一致。例如：例如：The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the garden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。老师和同学们正在花园里种树。3.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或形式或 主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4.用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each,every或或no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5.each of+复数代词，谓语动词用单数。复数代词，谓语动词用单数。Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。6.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主等作主 语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可 用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数 名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。vAll the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。vAll the apple is rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。vNone of us are/is perfect.人无完人。人无完人。vNone of the money is left.一点钱也没剩下。一点钱也没剩下。7.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。用单数。Someone is calling you.有人叫你。有人叫你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。8.名词如名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用等作主语时，谓语动词必须用 复数；而形复义单的名词如复数；而形复义单的名词如news；以；以 -ics结尾的学科名称如结尾的学科名称如physics,politics,国名如国名如the United States;报纸名如报纸名如the New Times;书名如书名如Great Expectations (远大前程远大前程)；以及；以及the United Nations作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：如：vThe scissors are sharp.vNo news is good news.vGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.9.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体 的用复数。这类名词有的用复数。这类名词有group,family,class,police,crowd,team,audience等。等。vHis family is going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。vHis family are all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。10.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有 means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。等。如：如：Not every means is useful.并非每种方法都有效。并非每种方法都有效。Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效。并非所有的方法都有效。11.表示一类人的表示一类人的“the+形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a.The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.b.The lost have been found.12.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词 作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语 动词用单数。如：动词用单数。如：a.Thirty years is not a long time.30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。b.Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。13.the rest of,half of,majority of,part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,a plenty of,percent of以及分数词等作以及分数词等作 主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后 面名词的数，即就近原则。面名词的数，即就近原则。如：如：A part of the students have arrived.部分学生已到了。部分学生已到了。A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。14.在表存在的在表存在的there be句式中，主语是句式中，主语是 两个或多个并列名词（短语）两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的的 形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持 一致。一致。There is a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils,a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.15.由由here，there等引导的倒装句中，等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最 近的主语保持一致。近的主语保持一致。如：如：a.Here comes the bus.b.Here is a pen and two books for you.16.用连词用连词or,either or,neither nor,not only but also等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。a.Neither you nor I am wrong.Neither I nor you are wrong.b.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.Grammar practice 1.Mathematics _ the language of science.A.is B.are going to be C.are D.were2.A good deal of money _ spent on books.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been3.Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film.A.is B.are C.am D.be4.His“Selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.A.were B.was C.has been D.have been5.A woman with some children _ soon.A.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come6.No one except my parents _ anything about this.A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known7.The teacher as well as the students _ the book already.A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading8.All but one _ in the accident.A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were10._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;areReview“主谓一致主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语在人是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，称和数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如：语也用复数形式，如：are,were,have,work等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：形式，如：is,was,has,works等等。1.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.(2008陕西陕西)A.were B.have been C.has been D.was2.The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.(2009四川四川)A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;wasI.Multiple choice.3.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _.(2009福建福建)A.have polluted B.is being polluted C.has been polluted D.have been polluted4.Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(2009湖南湖南)A.are B.is C.have D.be5.Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer.(2009陕西陕西)A.is going to B.are going to C.was going to D.were going to6.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.(2010全国全国II)A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have wornII.Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.Our family _(is/are)not poor any more.2.He has to worry.His family _(is/are)waiting for him.3.The class _(is/are)more than forty in number.4.The class _(have/has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.isareishave5.Not only you but also he _(is/are)wrong.6.Neither you nor he _(is/are)right.7.There _(is/are)two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.8.Here _(is/are)a map and a handbook for you.isisareis谢谢！谢谢！