虚拟语气完整版课件

Grammar概概 说说 在英语中，随着说话人意图的不同，动词在英语中，随着说话人意图的不同，动词需要用不同的形式，英语中共有需要用不同的形式，英语中共有三种语气三种语气：陈述语气：陈述语气：the Indicative Mood(陈述事实）陈述事实）祈使语气：祈使语气：the Imperative Mood(提出请求、命令等）提出请求、命令等）虚拟语气虚拟语气：the Subjunctive Mood(表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况）表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况）虚拟语气虚拟语气 表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊时态谓语动词的特殊时态变变化来表达！化来表达！虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用 在虚拟在虚拟ifif条件状语从句中的应用条件状语从句中的应用 在其它从句中的应用在其它从句中的应用 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 u 与与过去过去事实相反。事实相反。u 与与现在现在事实相反。事实相反。u 与与将来将来事实可能相反。事实可能相反。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中（虚拟语气在条件状语从句中（ifif）的应用通的应用通常有三种情况：常有三种情况：与过去事实相反与过去事实相反a.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met her.b.If he had studied harder last year,he would have gone to university.c.If I had not gone shopping yesterday,I would not have spent so much money.if条件状语条件状语从句从句主句主句与过去事实与过去事实 相反相反had donewould/should/could/might+have done与与过去过去相反相反与现在事实相反的情况：与现在事实相反的情况：a.If I were Li Hua,I would do more exercise.b.How nice it would be if we were at home now.c.If there were as much gold as stone,gold would not be valuable.if条件状语条件状语从句从句主句主句与现在事实与现在事实 相反相反did/were(be动动词只用这种形式词只用这种形式！)would/should/could/might+do与与现在现在相反相反与将来事实相反的情况与将来事实相反的情况a.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,you wouldnt have to get up early to do morning exercises.b.If you went/should go/were to go to the city tomorrow,you could buy me some stamps.c.If I did/should do/were to do it,I would do it in a different way.if条件状语条件状语从句从句主句主句与将来事实与将来事实 相反相反 did/were should+do were to+dowould/should/could/might+do与与将来将来相反相反1.总结：虚拟语气在总结：虚拟语气在if条件句中的谓语动词构成条件句中的谓语动词构成if条件状语从句条件状语从句主句主句 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反与与现在现在事实相反事实相反与与将来将来事实相反事实相反had+donedid/（be用用were)did/were should do were to dowould/should/could/might+have donewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do1.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met her.2.If I were as rich as Bill Gates,I would not know how to spend that much money.3.If I did/should do/were to do it,I would do it in a different way.例例 句句2.虚拟条件句中虚拟条件句中if 的省略的省略在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中谓语动词在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中谓语动词含有助动含有助动were,should 或或had时时，有时可把，有时可把if省略掉，然后把助动词省略掉，然后把助动词were,should 或或had放到主语前面。放到主语前面。a.If I were you,I would do some exercise after class every day.Were I you,I would do some exercise after class every day.b.If it should snow this year,it would be nice.Should it snow this year,it would be nice.c.If he had invited me to his wedding,I would have gone to it last week.Had he invited me to his wedding,I would have gone to it last week._ I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.A.Could B.Might C.Should D.Must【链接高考链接高考】d.If it were to rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit.Were it to rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit.3 3、错综时间的虚拟条件句、错综时间的虚拟条件句(主从句时间不一致主从句时间不一致)如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生不是同时发生,主主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的根据各自所表示的时间时间加以调整。加以调整。(一分为二！一分为二！)If he had taken the medicine in time yesterday,he would not be suffering so much now.一般来说，都是一般来说，都是从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在！【链接高考链接高考】1.Had you listened to the doctor,you _all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been分析：分析：If you had listened to the doctor,you4.4.含蓄含蓄(隐含条件隐含条件)的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件状语从句，而是有时虚拟条件不用条件状语从句，而是通过用介词短通过用介词短语语(with,without,but for,otherwise)等表示出来。等表示出来。a.With your help,we would finish the job earlier.=(If you should/were to help us)b.I couldnt have finished the job without your help.=(If you had not helped me)c.But for(要不是要不是)your help,I couldnt have finished the job.=(If you had not helped me)e.You helped me a lot,otherwise,he would have come to the party.=(If you hadnt helped me a lot)1.Without electricity human life _quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be2.But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won【链接高考链接高考】二二.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在wish引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中wish that过去过去 had done/had been现在现在 did/were将来将来 would/could/might do 注意：主句中注意：主句中wish从句的各种时态都不影响从句的时从句的各种时态都不影响从句的时态。（不能用态。（不能用should！）！）I wished(that)we were at home.I wish(that)I had seen the film last night.I wish(that)I wouldcould go with you tomorrow.【链接高考链接高考】1.I wish I _you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see2.He is a very brave man.Yes.I wish I _his courage.A.have B.had C.will have D.would have 3.-Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had三三.as if/as though 从句中的虚拟从句中的虚拟,谓语动词变化的谓语动词变化的形式和形式和wish引导的宾语从句一样引导的宾语从句一样1.He looks as if he _(sleep)last night.2.She looks at her husband as if he _(be)a stranger.3.It seems as if he _(make)a lot of money.hadnt sleptwould makewere1.He talks as if he _all the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it.A.would do B.does C.had done D.should do2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.had broken C.were broken D.had been broken【链接高考链接高考】四四.if only(要是要是就好了就好了)感叹句型感叹句型,谓语动词变化谓语动词变化的形式和的形式和wish引导的宾语从句一样引导的宾语从句一样现在现在 were/did e.g.If only I knew the answer!过去过去 had done/had been e.g.If only I had met her early!将来将来 would do e.g.If only he would come early tomorrow!If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.(2000上海上海)A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie【链接高考链接高考】五、能用五、能用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”的词的词1.表示表示“建议、命令、要求、请求、坚持建议、命令、要求、请求、坚持”等等词词 引导的主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句，都引导的主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句，都用此结构。用此结构。(1244法则法则)一一坚持坚持 insist，二二命令命令 order,command，四四要求要求 demand,require,request,desire四四建议建议 advise,suggest,propose,recommend动词动词名词名词一坚持一坚持insistinsistence 二命令二命令order commandordercommand四建议四建议advise suggest propose recommendadvice suggestionproposalrecommendation四要求四要求demand requirerequestdesiredemand requirementrequestdesire以以suggest为例：为例：主语从句主语从句1.It is suggested(that the boy(should)be sent there.)宾语从句宾语从句2.I suggest(that the boy(should)be sent there.)表语从句表语从句3.My suggestion is(that the boy(should)be sent there.)同位语从句同位语从句4.I have an suggestion(that the boy(should)be sent there.)1.insist表示表示已发生已发生或或已存在已存在的事实或现象的事实或现象用陈述语气用陈述语气，不用虚拟，表示不用虚拟，表示将来将来要去做的事实时候要去做的事实时候用虚拟用虚拟。e.g.He still insisted he _(not be)there at the time.He insisted that he _(not steal)the money.They insisted that the boy _(go)with them tomorrow.2.suggest表示表示“暗示，表明暗示，表明”时，不用虚拟时，不用虚拟(就是看意思就是看意思)。e.g.The latest figures suggest that business is improving.His work suggests that he is ready for more responsibility.insist与与suggest 的特殊用法的特殊用法wasntdidnt steal(should)go【链接高考链接高考】1.The commander ordered that the wounded _ to hospital right away.A.to be sent B.be sent C.send D.should send 2.They requested that he _on the radio.A.spoke B.speaks C.speak D.would speak3.The workers will go on strike if the demands they _put forward are turned down.A.could B.would C./D.had (2006福建福建)4.Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustnt allow D.couldnt allow5.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules.A.obeys B.will obey C.obey D.would obey 6.The experiment has failed.I suggest you _again.A.trying B.will try C.try D.would try7.He insisted that he _ in the case.A.hadnt involved B.werent involved C.hadnt been involved D.wasnt involved 8.The order came that the medical supplies _to the village without delay.A.would be sent B.should send C.be sent D.must be sent 2.It is necessary/important/strange/surprising that It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that(这类主语从句表示这类主语从句表示“惊讶、不相信、惋惜、理应如此惊讶、不相信、惋惜、理应如此”等意思等意思.)e.g.Its natural that she(should)do so.Its surprising that he(should)have done such wrong to an old man.五五.能用能用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”的句型的句型It is strange that he _ late for school yesterday.A.should have been B.would beC.had been D.will be六六.It is(high/about)time that 句型句型 were/did should do(不能省略！不能省略！)【例例】该是上学的时候了。该是上学的时候了。Its time for us to go to school.It is time that we went /should go to school.e.g.Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A.work B.will work C.worked D.have to worksb.七七.主语主语+would rather+宾语从句宾语从句 did sth.(现在现在/将来将来)e.g.We would rather that we came here tomorrow.We would rather that you were not here now.had done sth.(过去过去)e.g.I would rather that she hadnt done it then.sb.George is going to talk about the geography of hiscountry,but Id rather he _more on its culture.(2010江苏江苏)A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused【链接高考链接高考】would like to想；希望想；希望I would like to see a film tonight.I would like to have seen a film last night.八八.表示本来想做的事没有做表示本来想做的事没有做九九.be to do 计划；打算计划；打算I am to meet them at the airport tomorrow.I was to have met them at the airport,but I was busy.十十.had hoped真实的愿望真实的愿望He said he hoped to see them off.(过去时间说过去时间说)I hope to see them off.（现在说）（现在说）未实现的愿望未实现的愿望I hoped to have seen them off at the airport,but I wasbusy.I had hoped to see them off at the airport,but I was busy.此用法适用于：此用法适用于：hope intend mean【例例1.】-Have you found the answer to the question?-I wish I had(found the answer to the question).1.若是过去完成时，只保留若是过去完成时，只保留had【例例2.】I cant go to Beijing with you,but I wish I could (go with you).2.若是过去将来时只保留若是过去将来时只保留would,could,might等情态动词等情态动词例例3.】-Are you free now?-I wish I were(free).【例例4.】-Do you work in this company?-I wish I did.(I worked)或或I wish I could (work here).3.若一般过去时只保留助动词若一般过去时只保留助动词did,could,were.十一十一.注意：在答语中的省略情况注意：在答语中的省略情况