蔬菜虫害识别课件

2024/7/22蔬菜虫害识别和防治蔬菜虫害识别和防治12024/7/22第一篇 昆虫学基础1、什么是昆虫？2、昆虫的变态3、昆虫与环境的关系4、害虫防治的方法及有条理第二篇 南方主要农作物的害虫防治1、水稻害虫及其防治2、蔬菜害虫及其防治3、南方果树害虫及其防治22024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨 瓜实蝇（针蜂）32024/7/22小菜蛾Plutella xylostellaPlutella xylostella (L.)(L.)42024/7/22l俗称：小菜蛾、吊丝虫俗称：小菜蛾、吊丝虫lCommon name:Diamondback mothCommon name:Diamondback mothl分类地位：鳞翅目，菜蛾科分类地位：鳞翅目，菜蛾科 l寄主：十字花科蔬菜和杂草寄主：十字花科蔬菜和杂草以甘蓝、芥蓝、萝卜、西洋菜为害最以甘蓝、芥蓝、萝卜、西洋菜为害最重，白菜、油菜、芥菜次之。重，白菜、油菜、芥菜次之。一、形态特征52024/7/22成虫成虫62024/7/22卵：卵：椭圆形椭圆形 ，一端稍，一端稍倾斜。初产时乳白色，倾斜。初产时乳白色，后变淡黄绿色。多散后变淡黄绿色。多散产于寄主植物背面。产于寄主植物背面。72024/7/22幼虫幼幼虫虫：身身体体淡淡绿绿色色，体体长长10-12mm10-12mm，纺纺锤锤形形。活活泼泼好好动动，具具吐吐丝丝下下垂垂习习性性。俗俗称称“吊吊丝丝虫虫”。82024/7/22 蛹和茧蛹和茧 蛹长蛹长5-8mm5-8mm，茧呈稀茧呈稀疏网状，疏网状，灰白色。灰白色。92024/7/22l幼虫四龄。幼虫喜欢集中在心叶和花上为害。4龄暴食，占总食量的80%。严重时叶片被吃成网状仅留叶脉。为 害l1龄幼虫潜叶2 龄以上幼虫在叶背面啃食下表皮和叶肉，仅上表皮，俗称“开天窗”102024/7/22l抗虫谱广对使用过的几乎所有杀虫剂都产生了抗性，甚至对Bt也产生了抗性。l抗性发展快对有些杀虫剂只需1-3年就可产生抗性。l抗性水平高对拟除虫菊酯台溴氰菊酯可产生上万倍的抗性。*抗性的产生造成防治效果下降，促使用药量加大，最终导致小菜蛾陷入愈防愈重的恶性循环中。化学杀虫剂对小菜蛾的影响112024/7/221 1、农业防治、农业防治轮作将十字花科蔬菜中的早、中、晚熟品种，生长期长、短不同的品种与其它蔬菜轮留种植。间作与豆科、茄科等非十字花科蔬菜间隔种植。田园清洁收获后及时清除和集中消处理残株、落叶和杂草，田块立即耕翻。防治方法122024/7/222 2、诱杀法、诱杀法灯光诱杀安装频谱杀虫灯诱杀成虫，每10 亩地安1 灯。性诱剂诱杀应用雌性性外激素“顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯”诱杀雄蛾。132024/7/223、生物防治1）增加释放天敌 卵期:拟澳洲赤眼蜂 幼虫期:小菜蛾啮小蜂、小菜蛾绒茧蜂 2）病原微生物 施用苏云金杆菌Bt乳剂（如菜蛾敌）或青虫菌6号 500700倍，或小菜蛾颗粒体病毒 小菜蛾颗粒体病毒 1000倍：防治时期为卵2龄，加活性炭或墨水防阳光照射，加洗衣粉作展着剂。142024/7/22黄曲条跳甲152024/7/22黄曲条跳甲v俗称：黄条跳蚤（狗虱虫）俗称：黄条跳蚤（狗虱虫）v分类地位：鞘翅目，叶甲科分类地位：鞘翅目，叶甲科 v寄主：寄主：8 8科科1919种，偏嗜十字花科蔬菜种，偏嗜十字花科蔬菜v包括白菜、萝卜、芥菜、油菜、甘蓝、芥蓝、包括白菜、萝卜、芥菜、油菜、甘蓝、芥蓝、花菜以及茄科、豆科、葫芦科作物。花菜以及茄科、豆科、葫芦科作物。162024/7/22 成虫体长1.8-2.4mm,为黑色小甲虫，鞘翅上各有一黄色纵斑，中部狭而弯曲。头、前胸背板、触角基部为黑色。鞘翅上散布许多小刻点。172024/7/22 卵椭圆形，长约卵椭圆形，长约 0.3 mm0.3 mm，白色或淡黄色，半透明。白色或淡黄色，半透明。182024/7/22幼虫幼虫:幼虫3龄。老熟幼虫长约4 mm，长圆筒形，白色或黄白色，各节具不显著肉瘤，生有细毛。192024/7/22 蛹长约 2 mm，椭圆形，乳白色，腹部有一对叉状突起。20为害状为害状7/22/2024品质品质 创新创新 汤普森汤普森212024/7/22l自80年代以来大发生频率增加，在中国南方菜区变成了十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫，在有些地方甚至超过了小菜蛾。l广谱性杀虫剂的使用使其产生严重的抗性。l没有有效的防治方法，喷施杀虫剂仍然是主要的防治手段。2、发生特点222024/7/22生活史生活史成虫成虫4-9 days卵卵3-9days幼虫幼虫11-16 days蛹蛹 10-14 days10-14 days黄曲条跳甲黄曲条跳甲生活史生活史28-48 days土中土中地上地上232024/7/22l活动习性活泼，善于跳跃，高温时能飞翔。早晚或阴天躲藏于叶背或土块下，中午前后活动最盛。l趋性趋光性：成虫有较强的趋光性，对黑光灯特别敏感。趋黄性：成虫有较强的趋黄光性黄板诱虫法。趋嫩性：常集中于幼嫩的心叶为害。成虫的习性242024/7/22l寿命寿命成成虫虫寿寿命命极极长长，平平均均5050天天，最最长长可可达达一一年年。世代重叠的原因。世代重叠的原因。l产卵习性产卵习性产卵期较长，可达产卵期较长，可达30-4530-45天，产卵前期天，产卵前期4-94-9天。天。产卵时间多为晴天中午的前后。产卵时间多为晴天中午的前后。卵卵散散产产于于植植株株周周围围3 3厘厘米米左左右右的的湿湿润润土土壤壤中中或或细根上。细根上。产产卵卵量量一一般般来来说说100-150100-150粒粒/雌雌，越越冬冬代代可可达达到到620620粒粒/雌。雌。卵在土壤中的分布是个体群。卵在土壤中的分布是个体群。成虫的习性252024/7/223 3、成虫诱杀、成虫诱杀黄板诱杀 利用黄曲条跳甲喜欢的黄色诱集成虫，在田间间隔性地放置粘性黄板或黄盘。作物诱杀间隔种植成虫喜欢的植物如芥菜诱集成虫后用化学杀虫剂集中喷施.262024/7/22分类地位：分类地位：鳞翅目鳞翅目LepidopteraLepidoptera夜蛾科夜蛾科俗名：俗名：斜纹夜蛾：斜纹夜蛾：Common leafwormCommon leafworm甜菜夜蛾：甜菜夜蛾：Beet armywormBeet armyworm别名别名斜纹夜蛾：莲纹夜蛾斜纹夜蛾：莲纹夜蛾甜菜夜蛾：甜菜夜盗虫甜菜夜蛾：甜菜夜盗虫 夜蛾类：斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾夜蛾类：斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾斜纹夜蛾甜菜夜蛾272024/7/22卵蛹成虫幼虫斜纹夜蛾282024/7/22斜纹夜蛾的为害：多食性、杂食性和暴食性。多食性、杂食性和暴食性。可为害可为害9999科科290290多种，以水生多种，以水生蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜和茄科蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜和茄科蔬菜受害最重。蔬菜受害最重。292024/7/22甜菜夜蛾卵蛹成虫幼虫302024/7/22甜菜夜蛾为杂食性害虫，对大葱、甘蓝、大白菜、芹菜、菜花、胡萝卜、芦笋、蕹菜、苋菜、辣椒、豇豆、花椰菜、茄子、芥兰、番茄、菜心、小白菜、青花菜、菠菜、萝卜、棉花、甜菜、花生、玉米、高粱、香叶、茶树、大豆、绿豆、红小豆、甘薯都有危害。一般以食叶为主，但在危害棉花时，偶食花蕾和幼铃，危害大葱、辣椒时钻入葱管和辣椒内取食。甜菜夜蛾的为害：312024/7/22l为害方式为害方式 以以幼幼虫虫为为害害植植物物叶叶部部，也也为为害害茎茎、花花和和果果实实。初初龄龄幼幼虫虫群群集集为为害害，高高龄龄后后才才分分散散。在在大大发发生生时时能能将将全全田田作作物物吃吃光光，在在苗苗期期常常导导致致毁毁种种。为为害害甘甘蓝蓝和和白白菜菜时时，常常蛀蛀入入心心叶叶，把把内内部部吃吃空空，造造成成腐腐烂烂和和污污染染，失失去去食食用用价价值。幼虫值。幼虫5-65-6龄。龄。322024/7/22v世代数世代数v斜纹夜蛾：斜纹夜蛾：一年多代，在华北一年一年多代，在华北一年4-54-5代，长江流代，长江流域域5-65-6代，长江以南代，长江以南6-86-8代，广东地区代，广东地区7-87-8代。代。v甜菜夜蛾：一年多代，在华北一年甜菜夜蛾：一年多代，在华北一年4-54-5代，长江流代，长江流域域6-96-9代，广东地区代，广东地区10-1110-11代。代。v发生高峰发生高峰v斜纹夜蛾：长江流域斜纹夜蛾：长江流域7-87-8月月 ，黄河流域黄河流域8-98-9月，广月，广东东6-96-9月。月。v甜菜夜蛾：北方甜菜夜蛾：北方6-86-8月，广东冬季严重。月，广东冬季严重。332024/7/221 1、农业防治、农业防治控制虫源及时清除和消毁田边杂草上的虫卵和低龄幼虫。翻土晒田与灌水相结合，减少在土中的蛹和幼虫。人工采卵块或捕捉低龄幼虫。综合防治方法342024/7/222、成虫诱集利用黑光灯和性诱利用黑光灯和性诱剂诱杀成虫。剂诱杀成虫。利用糖、醋、酒液利用糖、醋、酒液加敌百虫诱杀斜纹加敌百虫诱杀斜纹夜蛾成虫。夜蛾成虫。352024/7/223 3、化学防治、化学防治防治时期防治时期3龄前（集中为害，未分散前）进行挑治。常用农药常用农药康刹康刹1 1号号6 6克克4000-50004000-5000倍，圣飙倍，圣飙2000-3002000-300倍；倍；362024/7/22vCommon name:Cabbage butterfly Common name:Cabbage butterfly v别名：菜白蝶，白粉蝶，菜青虫别名：菜白蝶，白粉蝶，菜青虫v分类地位：分类地位：-鳞翅目鳞翅目 ，粉蝶科，粉蝶科v寄主寄主 Hosts:-Hosts:-十字花科蔬菜十字花科蔬菜cruciferaecruciferae ，偏嗜甘蓝。，偏嗜甘蓝。菜粉蝶372024/7/22卵卵成虫幼虫蛹382024/7/22绒茧蜂绒茧蜂.392024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨 瓜实蝇（针蜂）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）402024/7/22节瓜蓟马l俗称：棕榈蓟马俗称：棕榈蓟马l分类地位：缨翅目，蓟马科分类地位：缨翅目，蓟马科 l寄主：葫芦科与茄科植物寄主：葫芦科与茄科植物节瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、西瓜、茄子、甜节瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、西瓜、茄子、甜椒。以节瓜和茄子受害最重。椒。以节瓜和茄子受害最重。成虫成虫 412024/7/22 成虫体长成虫体长0.9-1.1mm0.9-1.1mm，体色淡黄，触角，体色淡黄，触角7 7节，节，单眼间鬃位于单眼三角形连线的外缘，后胸盾片网单眼间鬃位于单眼三角形连线的外缘，后胸盾片网状纹中有状纹中有1 1 对明显的钟型感觉器。对明显的钟型感觉器。节瓜蓟马节瓜蓟马422024/7/22 节瓜蓟马若虫黄节瓜蓟马若虫黄色，复眼红色，触角色，复眼红色，触角7 7节。初龄若虫无翅芽，节。初龄若虫无翅芽，3 3、4 4 龄若虫有翅芽。龄若虫有翅芽。432024/7/22l为害方式为害方式以以成成虫虫、若若虫虫锉锉吸吸植植株株心心叶叶、嫩嫩芽芽、嫩嫩叶叶、花花和和幼幼果果汁汁液液，使使被被害害株株心心叶叶不不能能张张开开，嫩嫩梢梢、嫩嫩叶叶变变小小、生生长长点点萎萎缩缩而而成成丛丛生生现现象象，植植株株生生长长停停滞滞。幼幼果果受受害害后后，毛毛茸茸黑黑、表表皮皮粗粗糙糙、锈锈褐褐色色、瓜瓜畸畸形形，生生长长缓缓慢慢。为为害害严严重重时时造造成成落落花花、落果。落果。442024/7/22节瓜蓟马为节瓜蓟马为害瓜生长点害瓜生长点452024/7/22 成虫和幼虫成虫和幼虫锉吸瓜类汁液，锉吸瓜类汁液，造成矮瓜造成矮瓜.462024/7/22 叶子由于为害而萎蔫472024/7/22广州地区早春低温，阴雨天多，加上田间食料缺乏，节瓜蓟马发育缓慢，发生量少，为害轻。3月份气温回升，4-5月气温适宜，瓜类处于生长旺季，如遇上雨水偏少，则6月份将会大发生，形成第一高峰。在6月份后，春节瓜基本结束，但菜田中还有黄瓜、丝瓜、茄子等，蓟马可以转移为害，但种群数量稍有下降。7月上旬夏秋节瓜开始出苗，为蓟马提供了更充足的食料，加上基数较大，因此在8月份形成第二高峰，也是为害最严重的时期。482024/7/22防治策略防治策略蓟马体型小，产卵于植株组织内，若虫和成虫喜欢栖息于植树株顶梢、叶背或花中，老熟幼虫入土化蛹，世代重叠，繁殖力强，对化学农药容易产生抗性，给防治带来了很大的困难，所以在防治上必须采取加强农业防治、合理开展化学防治以及保护天敌相结合的综合措施。492024/7/221 1、农业防治、农业防治田园清洁 对春植节瓜主要为铲除田间杂草，消灭越冬寄主源。对夏秋种对春植节瓜主要为铲除田间杂草，消灭越冬寄主源。对夏秋种植节瓜，收获后及时清除和集中消处理残株，田块立即耕翻。植节瓜，收获后及时清除和集中消处理残株，田块立即耕翻。地膜防治用塑料薄膜封盖畦面，减少春植节瓜苗期受越冬蓟马转移用塑料薄膜封盖畦面，减少春植节瓜苗期受越冬蓟马转移为害，阻止蓟马入土化蛹。为害，阻止蓟马入土化蛹。合理布局，避免连作新种植的节瓜田选择在不易受蓟马为害的作物附近，以防新种植的节瓜田选择在不易受蓟马为害的作物附近，以防其转移为害。其转移为害。提早育苗早春用营养杯育苗，适时栽培，可以避开蓟马的为害。早春用营养杯育苗，适时栽培，可以避开蓟马的为害。502024/7/222、化学防治防治适期防治适期 节瓜初花之前节瓜初花之前节瓜初花之前节瓜初花之前。合理用药合理用药卵和蛹较隐蔽卵和蛹较隐蔽卵和蛹较隐蔽卵和蛹较隐蔽选择能杀卵的杀虫剂，选择能杀卵的杀虫剂，选择能杀卵的杀虫剂，选择能杀卵的杀虫剂，4-64-64-64-6天以后喷第二次药。天以后喷第二次药。天以后喷第二次药。天以后喷第二次药。为害幼嫩部位、叶背为害幼嫩部位、叶背为害幼嫩部位、叶背为害幼嫩部位、叶背喷药的重点是植喷药的重点是植喷药的重点是植喷药的重点是植树株上部和叶背。树株上部和叶背。树株上部和叶背。树株上部和叶背。轮换用药，避免抗性产生。轮换用药，避免抗性产生。轮换用药，避免抗性产生。轮换用药，避免抗性产生。512024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨(侧多食跗线螨)瓜实蝇（针蜂）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）522024/7/22l又名茶黄螨，俗称白蜘蛛。为害作物主又名茶黄螨，俗称白蜘蛛。为害作物主要有青椒、茄子、番茄、豇豆、菜豆、要有青椒、茄子、番茄、豇豆、菜豆、丝瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、马铃薯、枸杞等。丝瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、马铃薯、枸杞等。侧多食跗线螨532024/7/22侧多食跗线螨侧多食跗线螨542024/7/22552024/7/22l茶茶黄黄螨螨：以以成成螨螨和和幼幼螨螨刺刺吸吸为为害害，只只取取食食植植物物的幼嫩部分，如嫩叶、嫩芽、茎、花、果等。的幼嫩部分，如嫩叶、嫩芽、茎、花、果等。为为害害叶叶片片时时，受受害害叶叶片片背背面面呈呈灰灰褐褐色色具具油油质质光光泽泽或或油浸状，叶片边缘下垂卷曲。油浸状，叶片边缘下垂卷曲。为为害害茎茎时时，嫩嫩茎茎嫩嫩枝枝变变成成黄黄褐褐色色，扭扭曲曲畸畸形形，严严重重者植株顶部干枯。者植株顶部干枯。为害花和蕾时，受害后不能开花、座果。为害花和蕾时，受害后不能开花、座果。为为害害果果实实时时，果果柄柄、果果皮皮变变成成黄黄褐褐色色，丧丧失失光光泽泽，皮增厚，最后导致裂果，味苦而不能食用。皮增厚，最后导致裂果，味苦而不能食用。562024/7/22侧多食跗线螨为害辣椒叶，叶片边缘下垂卷曲572024/7/22侧多食跗线螨为侧多食跗线螨为害辣椒生长点，害辣椒生长点，受害后不能开花、受害后不能开花、受害后不能开花、受害后不能开花、座果座果座果座果582024/7/22侧多食跗线侧多食跗线螨为害番茄螨为害番茄生长点生长点592024/7/22侧多食跗线螨侧多食跗线螨为害茄子，为害茄子，造成裂果造成裂果602024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨(侧多食跗线螨)瓜实蝇（针蜂）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）612024/7/22别 名：黄瓜实蝇、瓜小实蝇、瓜大实蝇、“针蜂”、瓜蛆。危害对象：苦瓜、节瓜、冬瓜、南瓜、黄瓜、丝瓜、匏瓜、笋瓜等瓜类作物。瓜实蝇622024/7/22632024/7/22成虫产卵管刺入幼瓜表皮内产卵，幼虫孵化后即在瓜内蛀食，受害的瓜先局部变黄，而后全瓜腐烂变臭，造成大量落瓜，即使不腐烂，刺伤处凝结着流胶，畸形下陷，果皮硬实，瓜味苦涩，严重影响瓜的品质和产量。危害特点：642024/7/22(l)、毒饵诱杀。用香蕉皮或菠萝皮(也可用南瓜、番薯煮熟经发酵)40份，90%敌百虫晶体0.5份，香精1份，加水调成糊状毒饵，直接涂在瓜棚篱竹上或装入容器挂于棚下，每亩20 点，每点放25克，诱杀成虫。防治方法652024/7/22(2)、及时摘除被害瓜，喷药处理烂瓜，落瓜要深埋 l米以下的土坑内。(3)、保护幼瓜。将幼瓜套袋或用草覆盖，避免成虫产卵。(4)、药剂防治。成虫盛发期，选中午或傍晚喷洒21%灭杀毙乳油6000倍液、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油3000倍液、50%80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍液喷雾，35天喷1次，连喷23次。（5）猎蝇（GF-120）（陶氏益农）（6）性诱剂的使用防治方法662024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨(侧多食跗线螨)瓜实蝇（针蜂）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）672024/7/22云乎？雾乎？云乎？雾乎？682024/7/22粉虱大发生的报告粉虱大发生的报告(2000)(2000)河北河北白粉虱成虫肆虐廊坊任丘白粉虱成虫肆虐廊坊任丘 规模之大实属历史罕见，成规模之大实属历史罕见，成团白粉虱成虫乱飞乱撞。（团白粉虱成虫乱飞乱撞。（20002000年年8 8月月2929日人民日报）日人民日报）天津天津空中飘着空中飘着白粉虱白粉虱，市民发现走路迎面飘来很多白，市民发现走路迎面飘来很多白色粉层。（色粉层。（20002000年年9 9月月1919日人民日报）日人民日报）广东广东20002000年是历史上发生最重的一年，每片冬瓜叶片上粉年是历史上发生最重的一年，每片冬瓜叶片上粉虱成虫多达虱成虫多达15001500头。头。692024/7/22AdultAdultNymphPupa温室白粉虱温室白粉虱702024/7/22Tobacco WhiteflyAdultAdultNymphPupa烟粉虱烟粉虱712024/7/22西葫芦银叶症烟粉虱的为害烟粉虱的为害722024/7/22西葫芦银叶症732024/7/22传播病毒病番茄叶片变黄且卷曲番茄叶片变黄且卷曲-传播番茄黄卷传播番茄黄卷叶病毒（叶病毒（TYLCVTYLCV）。）。742024/7/22一品红叶片退绿症752024/7/22番茄不完全成熟症佛罗里达樱桃番茄不规则成熟（外表症状）佛罗里达樱桃番茄不规则成熟（内切症状）为害对照为害对照762024/7/22瓜类枯死772024/7/22煤污病煤污病由于严重为害分泌过多蜜露，引起大豆由于严重为害分泌过多蜜露，引起大豆叶片煤污病，严重影响了光合作用。叶片煤污病，严重影响了光合作用。782024/7/22抗药性对常规农药表现出较强的抗性。对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、菊酯类农药抗性高。抗性机理：乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感度降低是对有机磷农药产生抗性的重要机理之一。792024/7/22防治策略断针对粉虱在我国北方保护地越冬的特性，在秋冬种植粉虱不喜欢的芹菜、生菜、韭菜等，从越冬环节切断其生活史。清冬春季进行清除残株、杂草和熏蒸成虫，培育无虫苗寄创造条件，应用寄生蜂控制其为害。压在果菜生长前期，施用高效低毒杀虫剂压低虫口基数。802024/7/221 1、农业防治、农业防治严格控制烟粉虱侵入保护栽培地严格控制烟粉虱侵入保护栽培地种植健全幼苗，全面控制其发生发展。种植健全幼苗，全面控制其发生发展。保护栽培地内外，作物收获后，要清除落叶残株，保护栽培地内外，作物收获后，要清除落叶残株，及时除草，以消灭虫源。及时除草，以消灭虫源。注意不要把带虫的植株带进保护栽培地。注意不要把带虫的植株带进保护栽培地。注意搞好田间卫生，整枝整下的腋芽、叶子、残枝注意搞好田间卫生，整枝整下的腋芽、叶子、残枝等一定要带出温室外，集中消毁。等一定要带出温室外，集中消毁。加强检疫加强检疫严格检查调拨的幼苗植株，防止其分布区域的继续严格检查调拨的幼苗植株，防止其分布区域的继续扩大。扩大。812024/7/222 2、生物防治、生物防治释放草蛉释放草蛉 每亩释放中华草蛉卵每亩释放中华草蛉卵9 9万、万、6 6万和万和3 3万时，虫口万时，虫口减退率分别为减退率分别为83.5%83.5%、72.3%72.3%、68.2%68.2%。释放丽蚜小蜂释放丽蚜小蜂当粉虱在番茄上达当粉虱在番茄上达当粉虱在番茄上达当粉虱在番茄上达0.5/0.5/0.5/0.5/株时，每隔两周释放株时，每隔两周释放株时，每隔两周释放株时，每隔两周释放1 1 1 1次，次，次，次，共共共共3 3 3 3 次释放丽蚜小蜂次释放丽蚜小蜂次释放丽蚜小蜂次释放丽蚜小蜂15151515头头头头/株。株。株。株。822024/7/223 3、化学防治、化学防治防治适期防治适期防治适期防治适期 粉虱类体表有一层蜡质，抗药力强，多种药粉虱类体表有一层蜡质，抗药力强，多种药粉虱类体表有一层蜡质，抗药力强，多种药粉虱类体表有一层蜡质，抗药力强，多种药剂对卵几乎无效，因此初见为害时立即防治。剂对卵几乎无效，因此初见为害时立即防治。剂对卵几乎无效，因此初见为害时立即防治。剂对卵几乎无效，因此初见为害时立即防治。常用药剂常用药剂常用药剂常用药剂红狼（红狼（红狼（红狼（25%25%25%25%吡虫啉）举天（吡虫啉）举天（吡虫啉）举天（吡虫啉）举天（60%60%60%60%啶虫咪）、森啶虫咪）、森啶虫咪）、森啶虫咪）、森功（功（功（功（33%33%33%33%吡虫啉吡虫啉吡虫啉吡虫啉.功夫）、金典（功夫）、金典（功夫）、金典（功夫）、金典（70%70%70%70%吡虫啉）、吡虫啉）、吡虫啉）、吡虫啉）、天朗（天朗（天朗（天朗（33%33%33%33%啶虫啉）啶虫啉）啶虫啉）啶虫啉）轮换用药，防止抗性产生。轮换用药，防止抗性产生。轮换用药，防止抗性产生。轮换用药，防止抗性产生。832024/7/222、蔬菜害虫及其防治1)、十字花科蔬菜(叶菜类)害虫:小菜蛾（吊丝虫）黄曲条跳甲 夜蛾类（甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等）菜粉蝶（菜青虫）2)、豆科、瓜类和茄果类蔬菜害虫：节瓜蓟马、茶黄螨(侧多食跗线螨)瓜实蝇（针蜂）粉虱类（烟粉虱、温室白粉虱）斑潜蝇（美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇等）钻蛀性螟虫（豇豆荚螟、瓜螟、烟青虫等）842024/7/22钻蛀性害虫852024/7/22DamageDamage烟青虫烟青虫862024/7/221.It 1.It is is a a common common species species of of pests pests on on vegetables,vegetables,and and sometimes sometimes a a dominant dominant one one on on cotton,cotton,tobacco,tobacco,tomato,tomato,bean,bean,maize maize and and sorghum sorghum as as well.well.This This species species is is a a sporadically sporadically very very serious serious pest pest in in many many parts parts of of the the world.world.It It is is completely completely polyphagous,and very widespread.polyphagous,and very widespread.2.Distribution:It 2.Distribution:It distributes distributes tropics,tropics,subtropics,subtropics,and and warmer warmer temperate temperate regions regions of of the the Old Old World,World,extending extending as as far far north north as Germany and Japan.as Germany and Japan.3.Damage:3.Damage:Clean Clean circular circular holes holes are are bored bored in in flower flower buds buds and and balls balls of of all all sizes.sizes.The The bracteoles bracteoles of of buds buds open open out out causing causing the the condition condition known known as as flaredflared squares;squares;these these square square then then die die and and are are shed.shed.The The caterpillar caterpillar also also feeds feeds directly directly on on foliage of vegetable crops.foliage of vegetable crops.4.Life 4.Life history:history:Egg-laying Egg-laying starts starts about about 4 4 days days after after emergence emergence and and may may continue continue for for a a further further 10 10 days.days.Each Each female female may may lay lay 1,000 1,000 or or more more eggs.eggs.Eggs Eggs are are laid laid singly,singly,stuck stuck on on to to the the host host plant;plant;hatching hatching takes takes place place after after 2-4 2-4 days.days.Young Young caterpillars caterpillars feed feed on on small small pods.pods.Older Older caterpillars caterpillars feed feed on on small small squares squares and and terminal terminal buds,buds,and and bean bean flowers flowers and and small small bolls.bolls.They They also also burrow burrow into into large large pods pods and and eat eat the the developing developing seeds.seeds.The The caterpillars caterpillars often often feed feed with with their their head head inside inside the the boll boll or or bean,bean,but but with with the the posterior posterior part part of of the the body body outside.outside.The The full-grown full-grown larva larva burrows burrows into into the the soil soil and and pupates pupates there.there.The The shiny shiny brown brown pupa pupa is is about about 16 16 mm mm long;long;the the pupal pupal period period usually usually lasts lasts 10-14 10-14 days.days.In In the the tropics there are usually 5-6 generations annually.tropics there are usually 5-6 generations annually.5.IdentificationAdult:Adult:The The adult adult is is a a stout-bodied,stout-bodied,brown brown moth,moth,of of wingspan wingspan 40-44 40-44 mm;mm;the the hindwing hindwing is is pale pale but but with with a a broad broad dark border.dark border.Egg:Egg:The The eggs eggs are are spherical,spherical,about about 0.5 0.5 mm mm in in diameter,diameter,yellow yellow when when laid laid but but turning turning brown brown as as the the embryo embryo develops.develops.Eggs are laid singly,stuck on to the host plant.Eggs are laid singly,stuck on to the host plant.Larva:Larva:The The larva larva is is a a stout stout caterpillar caterpillar of of variable variable color color but but often often greenish greenish or or brownish.brownish.The The body body is is marked marked with with longitudinal longitudinal bands bands alternatively alternatively dark dark and and pale;pale;the the pale pale bands bands down down the the sides sides of of the the body body are are particularly particularly noticeable.The full-grown larva is about 40 mm long.noticeable.The full-grown larva is about 40 mm long.Pupa:Pupa:The The full-grown full-grown larva larva burrows burrows into into the the soil soil and and pupates there.The shiny brown pupa is about 16 mm long.pupates there.The shiny brown pupa is about 16 mm long.棉铃虫棉铃虫AdultAdultLarvaLarvaDamageDamage872024/7/221.This 1.This is is a a cosmopolitan cosmopolitan pest pest of of sporadic sporadic importance importance on on many many crops crops in in different different parts parts of of the the world.world.It It can can cause cause severe severe damage damage in in many many crops.crops.2.Hosts:2.Hosts:A A polyphagous polyphagous cutworm cutworm attacking attacking the the seedlings seedlings of of most most crops,crops,in in particular particular on on cotton,cotton,rice,rice,potato,potato,tomato,tomato,tobacco,tobacco,cereals,cereals,and and crucifers.crucifers.3.Distribution:3.Distribution:Almost Almost completely completely cosmopolitan,cosmopolitan,from from northern northern Europe,Europe,Canada,Canada,Japan,Japan,down down to to New New Zealand,Zealand,South South Africa,Africa,and and South South America.America.It has not been recorded to date from a few areas in the tropics.It has not been recorded to date from a few areas in the tropics.4.Damage:4.Damage:The The young young larvae larvae feed feed on on the the leaves leaves of of the the host host plants;plants;the the older older caterpillars caterpillars feed feed at at the the base base of of crop crop plants plants or or on on the the roots roots or or stems stems underground.underground.Seedlings Seedlings are are typically typically cut cut through through at at the the ground ground level;level;one one caterpillar caterpillar may may destroy destroy a a number number of of seedlings seedlings in in this this manner manner in in a a single night,often working along the plant rows.single night,often working along the plant rows.5.5.Life Life cycle:The cycle:The life life cycle cycle from from egg egg to to adult adult takes takes 32 32 days days at at 30,30,41 41 days at 26,and 67 days at 20,respectively.days at 26,and 67 days at 20,respectively.6.IdentificationAdult:Adult:The The adults adults are are large,large,dark dark noctuids noctuids with with wingspan wingspan of of 40-50 40-50 mm,mm,with with a a gray gray body;body;and and gray gray forewings forewings are are almost almost white white basely basely but but with with a a dark terminal fringe,paler in the males.dark terminal fringe,paler in the males.Egg:The eggs are white,globular,and ribbed,0.5 mm in diameter.Egg:The eggs are white,globular,and ribbed,0.5 mm in diameter.Larva:Larva:The The larvae larvae are are brownish brownish above above with with a a broad broad pale pale gray gray band band alone alone the the mid-line,mid-line,and and with with gray-green gray-green sides sides with with lateral lateral blackish blackish stripes.stripes.The The head head capsule capsule is is brownish-black brownish-black with with two two white white spots.spots.The The general general appearance appearance of of the the caterpillar caterpillar is is blackish,blackish,hence hence the the common common name name of of black cutwormblack cutworm.The mature caterpillar is 25-35 mm long.The mature caterpillar is 25-35 mm long.Pupa:The pupa is dark brown,20 mm long,with a posterior spine.Pupa:The pupa is dark brown,20 mm long,with a posterior spine.LarvaAdult Seeding is Seeding is cut through at cut through at the ground the ground level.level.DamageDamage小地老虎小地老虎882024/7/221.Host 1.Host plants:plants:The The insect insect can can attacks attacks Pigeon Pigeon pea,pea,lima lima bean,bean,green green peas,peas,cowpeas,cowpeas,and and other other Leguminosae.Leguminosae.2.Distribution:2.Distribution:Almost Almost completely completely pantropical pantropical regions regions in in distribution,distribution,extending extending up up into into the the subtropics and warmer temperate areas,but only a few record from Australia.subtropics and warmer temperate areas,but only a few record from Australia.3.Damage:3.Damage:Early Early instar instar larvae larvae feed feed inside inside the the developing developing seeds,seeds,but but later later instars instars feed feed freely freely inside inside the the pods.pods.The The immature immature caterpillar caterpillar may may leave leave the the original original pod pod and and penetrate penetrate one one or or more more fresh fresh pods pods before before reaching reaching maturity.This maturity.This is is very very common common pest pest of of pigeon pigeon pea pea and and other other legume legume crops crops in in many parts of the world;sometimes recorded as a serious pest.many parts of the world;sometimes recorded as a serious pest.4.Identification4.IdentificationAdult:Adult:The The adult adult moth moth is is brown,brown,with with a a wingspan wingspan of of 24-27 24-27 mm.mm.There There are are two two white white and and transparent spots in the middle of the forewing.transparent spots in the middle of the forewing.Egg:Egg:The The eggs eggs are are oval,oval,shiny shiny white,white,0.6 0.6 mm mm in in length.length.They They are are laid laid singly singly or or in in small small groups groups(up to 6)on immature pods.(up to 6)on immature pods.Larva:Larva:The The caterpillar caterpillar is is blue blue with with a a yellow yellow head,head,and and 12-17 12-17 mm mm long long when when mature.mature.Caterpillar Caterpillar wriggles very violently if the pod is opened and it is disturbed.wriggles very violently if the pod is opened and it is disturbed.Pupa:Pupa:When When the the larva larva is is full-grown full-grown it it leaves leaves the the pod,pod,drops drops into into the the ground.ground.And And about about 3 3 cm cm below below soil soil level level it it spins spins a a cocoon cocoon and and here here it it turns turns into into a a yellowish-brown yellowish-brown pupa pupa with with 6-10 6-10 mm mm long.long.豇豆荚螟豇豆荚螟AdultDamageLarva892024/7/22豇豆荚螟豇豆荚螟902024/7/22l俗称：豇豆螟、豇豆蛀野螟、豆野螟、俗称：豇豆螟、豇豆蛀野螟、豆野螟、豆荚野螟豆荚野螟lCommon name:Common name:Pea pod borerPea pod borerl分类地位：鳞翅目，螟蛾科分类地位：鳞翅目，螟蛾科 l寄主：豆科植物寄主：豆科植物豇豆、菜豆、扁豆、四季豆、蚕