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The Spanish-America WarThe Spanish-America War12020/12/271 1BriefIntroductionBriefIntroduction2 2BackgroundBackground3 3ProcessProcess4 4ResultResult5 5AftermathAftermathContent22020/12/27BriefIntroductionTheSpanishAmericanWarwasaconflictin18981898betweenSpainandtheUnitedStates,theresultofAmericaninterventionintheCubanWarofIndependencetheCubanWarofIndependence.AmericanattacksonSpainsPacificpossessionsledtoinvolvementinthePhilippineRevolutionthePhilippineRevolutionandultimatelytothePhilippinePhilippineAmericanAmericanWarWar.ThewarwasfoughtinsomeofthelastremainingcoloniesofImperialSpain:Cuba,thePhilippinesandPuertoRico.32020/12/27BackgroundBackground42020/12/27BackgroundAmericanwasveryinterestedinCaribbeanandPhilippines.Somehopedthattheycouldbuildacolonialempireoverseas,likemanyEuropeancountrieshaddone.StrategicsignificanceEconomicvalue52020/12/27BackgroundRevoltsagainstSpanishrulehadoccurredforsomeyearsinCuba.Inthelate1890s,Americanpublicopinionwasagitatedbyanti-Spanishpropaganda.Fuse:MysterioussinkingoftheAmericanbattleshipMaineinHavanaharbor62020/12/27ProcessProcess72020/12/271898.4.23Spaindeclaredwar1898.4.25TheU.Sdeclaredwar82020/12/27CaribbeanTheaterPacificTheater1.Cuba2.PuertoRico92020/12/27CaribbeanTheater(Cuba)102020/12/27ThemajorlandactionoftheCubanCampaignoccurredonJuly1.About7,000AmericanstookthefortifiedvillageofElCaneyfromabout600oftheenemygarrison.WhileamuchlargerforceattackedSanJuanHill,asmallerunit,includingthedismountedRoughRiders,togetherwithblacksoldiersfromtheNinthand10thCavalry,seizedtheenemypositionatopnearbyKettleHill.112020/12/27OnJuly3,AdmiralCerveramadearunforit,buthisshipswerelittlemorethansittingduckstobepickedoffbyasturdyAmericannavy.Thecasualtieswereasone-sidedasatManila:474Spaniardswerekilledandwoundedand1,750weretakenprisoner,whileonlyoneAmericanwaskilledandonewounded.Santiagosurrenderedwithagarrisonof24,000onJuly17.122020/12/27CaribbeanTheater(PuertoRico)132020/12/27OnMay10,U.S.NavywarshipsweresightedoffthecoastofPuertoRico.OnMay12,asquadronof12U.S.shipscommandedbyRearAdm.WilliamT.SampsonbombardedSanJuan.Duringthebombardment,manygovernmentbuildingswereshelled.142020/12/27OnJune25,theYosemiteblockadedSanJuanharbor.OnJuly25,GeneralNelsonA.Miles,with3,300soldiers,landedatGuanicaandinvadedtheislandwithlittleresistanceinthebriefPuertoRicanCampaign.AfterGuanicawasseized,Americantroopscameashoreatotherpointsonthesouthsideislandtoatotalofabout15,000.152020/12/27GenMilesthenbeganacrossislandmarchtoSanJuaninthenorth.TherewereskirmishesnearPonceandMayaguezonAug9-10,thenonAug12wordcamethatapeaceprotocolhadbeensigned.Inthecampaign,theUSgot7killedand36wounded,theSpanishhad450casualties.162020/12/27PacificTheater172020/12/27PacificTheater(Guam)182020/12/27OnJune20,CaptainGlassandhisanxioussailorsarrivedofftheshoreofGuam.WhentheCharlestongotwithinrange,itfireduponfortificationsontheislandfromthreeofitsport-sidecannons.ShortlyafterthecannonexplosionswithlittleharmdoneashipflyingtheSpanishflagapproachedtheCharleston,itscrewcompletelyunawareofanywartakingplace.Infact,aSpanishofficerclimbedaboardtheCharlestonandaskedforgunpowdertoreturnwhattheybelievedtobeasalute.GovernorJuanMarinawasthennotifiedbyanAmericancourierfromtheCharlestonthatastateofwarexistedbetweenthetwocountries.TheSpaniardscouldnotmountaseriousdefense;GovernorMarinawascompelledtosurrendertheislandofGuamwithoutsomuchasamurmur.CaptainGlassflewthered,white,andblueoffthecoastofGuamashemadewayforManila.192020/12/27PacificTheater(Manila)ThefirstbattleoftheSpanish-AmericanWaroccurredinthePhilippines.OnMay1,1898,CommodoreGeorgeDewey,commanderoftheU.S.PacificFleet,pulverizedAdmiralPatricioMontojoyPasarsSpanishforcesattheBattleofManilaBaywithoutlosingaman.TheSpanishforcelost381men,whileDeweyssquadronsustainedonlyeightwounded.202020/12/27WhiletheAmericanswerehandilycapturingManilaBay,FilipinonationalistEmilioAguinaldoandhisguerillaforcepursuedtheSpanishbyland.TheAmericansthenstagedtheirownlandassaultattheBattleofManilaultimatelyforcingthesurrenderofManilatotheAmericans.212020/12/27222020/12/27OnJuly18,theSpanishForeignMinister,sentoutfeelersforpeace.HeaskedtheSpanishambassadorinParis,FernandoLeonyCastillotoaskthefrenchgovernmenttouseitsgoodofficestocontacttheUnitedstatesregardingpeace.232020/12/27HostilitieswerehaltedonAugust12,1898withthesigninginWashingtonofaProtocolofPeacebetweentheUnitedStatesandSpain.McKinleywantedtohavepeacewithoutattackingHavanaandSpainitself.TheformalpeacetreatywassignedinParisonDecember10,1898andwasratifiedbytheUnitedStatesSenateonFebruary6,1899.ItcameintoforceonApril11.Cubansparticipatedonlyasobservers.242020/12/27252020/12/27ToAmericaTheSpanish-AmericanWarof1898markedaturningpointinAmericanhistory.Withinafewyearsofthewarsend,theUnitedStateswasaworldpower,exercisingcontrolorinfluenceoverislandsintheCaribbeanSea,themid-PacificOceanandclosetotheAsianmainland.BychallenginganddefeatingtheSpanish,theUnitedStatesforthefirsttimebecameacolonialpower,takingGuam,thePhilippinesandPuertoRicoasUSterritories.262020/12/27ToSpainLostitsPacificandCaribbeanEmpireOnlyafewcoloniesinAfricaMarkthedeclineofSpanishEmpire272020/12/27ToCubaUSvictoryoverSpaingaveCubaalmostinstantIndependence.NotactuallyindependentThePlattAmendmentBeprotectedbyAmerica282020/12/27ToPhilippineBecontrolledbyAmerica,notindependentstillnotinpeaceledtoalongguerrillawarfoughtbyFilipinosagainsttheirnewcolonialrulers,theAmericans.292020/12/27302020/12/27guanica312020/12/27Daiquiri322020/12/27
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