宾语补足语精编版ppt课件

宾语补足语的用法宾语补足语英语的五个基本结构英语的五个基本结构S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 主谓双主谓双宾结构宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构说明：说明：S S主语；主语；V V谓语；谓语；P P表语；表语；O O宾语；宾语；O1O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2O2直接宾语；直接宾语；C C宾语补足语宾语补足语 英语的五个基本结构Objectcomplement宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。They called her the Loulan Beauty.在这句话中，在这句话中，her是宾语，是宾语，theLoulanBeauty作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。的情况。Object complement宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步Manypeoplewereburiedalive.Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.alive.mostinterestingMany people were buried alive.动词总结动词总结能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。第一类：感觉动词，如第一类：感觉动词，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice等，这类词所接的宾补可以是等，这类词所接的宾补可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。形式，也可以是动词原形。He heard a distant voice shouting.I could smell Chinese vegetables cooking.Did you see a cat being driven away?动词总结第一类：感觉动词，如see,hear,feel,第二类：含使动意义的动词，如第二类：含使动意义的动词，如let,have,get,make,would like,want等，这类词所接的宾等，这类词所接的宾补多是动词原形或过去分词。补多是动词原形或过去分词。Weve just had the house decorated.You must get the car repaired.At my school they dont make us wear school uniform.They let us wear whatever we like.I want the work finished by January 1st.第二类：含使动意义的动词，如let,have,get,第三类：含命名意义的动词，如第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等，这类词所等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。接的宾补一般是名词。Call me Joe,please.She was elected the president of the company.They have made me the chairman.They have made me a nice chair.注意：这类结构和双宾的区别注意：这类结构和双宾的区别第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call,name,appo第四类：第四类：v+sb+to do sth结构中的动词，所接结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,want,force,inspire,invite,order,permit,remind,request等。等。They asked me ti tell you how much we appreciated your help.Help me move the desk,will you?第四类：v+sb+to do sth结构中的动词，所接的宾补第五类：第五类：find,keep等几个动词的用法很灵活，等几个动词的用法很灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词，副词，词组，现后面所接的宾补可以是形容词，副词，词组，现在分词和过去分词等。在分词和过去分词等。We found it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Suddenly I found my wallet stolen.Keep the door closed.第五类：find,keep等几个动词的用法很灵活，后面所接宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：n./adj./adv./介词短语介词短语/v.原型原型/ing/v-ed/to do/to be1.We chose him our monitor.2.We must make our classroom clean.3.He found the light on.4.The firemen got the fire under control.5.The teacher let him stand out.6.Did you hear someone singing?7.The parents make their children educated.8.The doctor advised me to have a rest.9.We all consider him to be a hero.宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：make/choose/select+名词名词+职务（不带冠词）职务（不带冠词）AtlastObamawasselectedpresidentofAmerica.Weallchosehimrepresentativeofourteam.TheymadeJimtheirleaderindiggingforthetreasuresinanancienttombnearthemountain.make/choose/select+名词+职务（Americans elect Obama(as)PresidentoftheUSA.(Obamaistheirpresident.)当一个名词表示独当一个名词表示独一无二的职位或头衔一无二的职位或头衔(chairman,president,head,director,king,captain,monitor等等)作作表语，同位语和补语时，前面表语，同位语和补语时，前面常不用冠词常不用冠词Tips:e.g.In1399,HenryIVbecameKingofEngland.（P.23L.49)Americans elect Obama(as)Pres动词不定式做宾补动词不定式做宾补动词不定式做宾补to do 做宾补表示宾语要去做的动作，能用做宾补表示宾语要去做的动作，能用to do 做宾补的做宾补的v.有：有：(即即v.+sb.+to do)ask,want,wish(无无hope),tell,order,warn,advise(无无suggest),allow(无无agree),invite,permit,forbid,expect,beg,force,encourage,send,teach,train,remind,require(无无demand),would like,would prefer等等等等.I wish you to have a good trip.I would prefer you to stay for the dinner.to do 做宾补表示宾语要去做的动作，能用to do 做宾Tips:有有些些动动词词后后面面须须接接不不带带to的的不不定定式式做宾语补足语做宾语补足语,常用的动词有常用的动词有:make,let,have,（get)see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;observehelp等等,但是句子变成被动语态后但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式不定式成为句子的主语补足语成为句子的主语补足语,需带需带to.Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,常用使役动词的用法：使役动词的用法：1.let sb./sth.do sth.无被动无被动2.make sb./sth.do sth.使某人做某事，使某人做某事，sb.be made to do make sb./sth.done 使某人被使某人被3.have sb./sth.do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事(无被动无被动)have sb./sth.doing sth.使某人一直做（动作一使某人一直做（动作一直进行）直进行）have sb./sth.done 使某人被使某人被 或表示或表示“遭遇不遭遇不幸幸”4.get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事 get sb./sth.done使某人被使某人被 使役动词的用法：感官动词感官动词see,notice,hear,listen to,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等等+sb./sth.+do表示动作全过程表示动作全过程doing表动作正进行表动作正进行done表示被动动作表示被动动作I hear them sing a song.I hear them singing a song.I hear a song sung.注意：注意：ing 和和 ed 也可表状态，此时类似于也可表状态，此时类似于adj.的作用的作用I find the match exciting.I find the students exctied.感官动词see,notice,hear,listen 现在分词做宾补现在分词做宾补现在分词做宾补只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。等。例如：例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch sb.doing：抓住某人正在：抓住某人正在.mind sb.doing:介意某人做某事介意某人做某事imagine sb.doing:想象某人做某事想象某人做某事leave sb./sth.doing:使得使得/留下某人留下某人.keep sb./sth.doing:使得某人使得某人.The policeman caught the thief stealing.He left the light burning.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.注意：注意：leave/keep也可用也可用done做宾补，表示状态或被动做宾补，表示状态或被动He left the homework unfinished.We keep the door closed.宾语补足语精编版ppt课件过去分词做宾补过去分词做宾补过去分词做宾补1.使役动词使役动词get,have,make,keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentists.需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 使役动词get,have,make,keep，leav2.感官动词感官动词feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：表：“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.2.感官动词feel,find,hear,noticeI saw _robhim robbed by a man.I saw _robhimI saw him _taken to the hospital.I saw him _taFillintheblanks.Iheardsomeone_me.Iheardmyname_.IfoundTom_thewindow.Ifoundthewindow_callingcalledbreakbroken.Fill in the blanks.I heard somIhadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.have sth./sb.done find sth./sb doneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.get sth./sb doneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.see sth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.make sth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.watch sth./sb doneI had my watch repaired.She fo3.表示表示“意欲；命令意欲；命令”的动词如的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省相当于过去分词短语前省略了略了tobe，表示，表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossible.Hedidntwantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.3.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like,order,w解题要点：解题要点：首先首先要知道动词后是跟要知道动词后是跟to do还是还是ing，ed,或是原型。或是原型。其次其次要知道他们做宾补的区别：要知道他们做宾补的区别：to do 做宾补常表示要去做的动作。做宾补常表示要去做的动作。ing 做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作ed 做宾补常表示被动的动作。做宾补常表示被动的动作。v.原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官v.后）后）此外此外，ing 和和ed 做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时类似于类似于adj.最后最后根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合理的最佳选项。理的最佳选项。解题要点：几个特殊句式几个特殊句式 几个特殊句式1、With的复合结构的复合结构With+n.+V-ingP.P.Vto doAdj.Adv.Prep.1、With的复合结构With+n.+V-ingP.P.Vwith 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用结构中，过去分词用作介词作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 wit注意：注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。换用现在分词。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix ones eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为换为 fixing）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。他仍然举着手站了一会儿。注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。She felt her heart beating fast.她觉得心跳很快。（她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为意为“心跳心跳”，是，是不及物动词）不及物动词）find/leave 的用法与的用法与with相似相似当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的2、considerregardtreatlook onhavethink of sb/sth to be(as)think of sb as/think sb to be2、considerregardtreatlook onhaPracticePractice单句改错1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.understoodtowarm单句改错The speaker raised his voi5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith5.Dont leave the water run wPractice morePractice moreExercise:1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedExercise:The managers discusse3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted3.With a lot of difficult prob5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown5.She was glad to see her chi7.Icanmakeyou_whatIsay,butyoucantmakeyourself_inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood7.I can make you _what I 8.Hefoundthem_atatable_A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,_thedoor_.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking8.He found them_at a table_10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind_onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown10.We are pleased to see the p1.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择单项选择Tell him _ the window.单项选择5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart5.I found the door _ when10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound_.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing10.When I put my hand on his Thank you!