Chapter-4-Economy-英语国家概况课件

Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking CountriesCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandGuide to English-Speaking CounChapter 4 EconomyThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英语国家概况英语国家概况Chapter4EconomyTheUnited Recent History of British Economy Current British EconomyIIICONTENTRecentHistoryofBritishEcoVictorian AgevMercantilism(重商主义重商主义)va.theacquisitionofgoldandsilver,inpaymentforgoodsexported,increasedthewealthofanation.vb.Itdevelopedthedoctrineofthebalanceoftrade.vDominant positiona.1/3oftheworldsmanufacturedgoods.b.1/2oftheworldscoal,ironandcotton.c.shippingisgreaterthanthesumoftherestoftheworld.VictorianAgeMercantilism(重商主 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vEast India Company (东印度公司东印度公司)EastIndiaCompany Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Recent History of British EconomyIvEconomic declinevInthepre-warera,itwasonlysecondtoUS,butthisindicatedsomesortofdecline.vAfterWorldWarII,theBritisheconomyexperiencedaperiodofgreatdifficultyandrelativeeconomicdecline.Growth and DeclineGrowth and DeclineRecentHistoryofBritishEcoCausesvtwoWorldWarsgreateconomicloss,heavilyindebt.vtheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasoverdecolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)vmilitaryexpense(untiltheprocessofdecolonizationcompletedinthe1960s)vfailuretoinvestinmodernequipmentandnewproductsCausestwoWorldWarsgreatecPoliciesv“mixedeconomy”an economy in which thereis some public ownership as well as privately owned businessvDuringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinvolvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.Policies“mixedeconomy”Policies(1945-1979)vIn1945theLaborpartycarried out drastic reforms nationalize key industries(such as coal,steel and transport)laid the foundation for postwar British social and economic development Policies(1945-1979)In1945tButitunderwentaparticularlybadperiodin1970s,withhighratesofinflationanddevaluationofthepound.Result:BritainseconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofwesternEuropeancountriesButitunderwentaparticularl Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Policies(1979-1997)v1979-1997ConservativePartyvMargaretThatcherRadical economic reformsell back those industries to the private sector beat inflation(primary objective)Promote competitive spirit in economySocial welfare reducedResult:BritainseconomicgrowthstilllaggedbehindPolicies(1979-1997)1979-1997 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Policies(1979-1997)Policies(1979-1997)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries“In politics if you want anything said,ask a man.If you want anything done,ask a woman.”Margaret ThatcherPolicies(1979-1997)“InpoliticsifyouwantanythPolicies(1997-1997)vIn1997theLaborpartyTonyBlairthe“Third Way”:differ from the old the Labor partys nationalization reform and the conservative partys extreme individualismmade the Bank of England independentemphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes emphasized individual responsibilityvBritainseconomicgrowthsurpassedothermajorEuropeancountriesPolicies(1997-1997)In1997th Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Current British EconomyIIvtheworlds6thlargesteconomy(2010)(afterUS,Japan,China,GermanyandFrance)vTheUKspeoplearetheworldstwelfthrichestvSterlingperformedrelativelywellagainstmajorcurrenciesinrecentyearsCurrentBritishEconomyIIthewNaturalResources&InfrastructuresvPrincipalresourcesoilandgas(intheNorthSea,onthecoastofScotland)vLargeamountofcoal(keptforfutureuse)vHighlydeveloped&efficientmainroadandrailnetworkandairportsEastcoastofScotlandNaturalResources&InfrastrucAgriculturevMildclimatefavorableenvironmentforagricultureandstockraisingvImportantcropswheat,barley,sugarbeet,potatoes.vDairyfarming,fishingManufacturingstillplayingimportantroleAgricultureMildclimatefavoraEnergy ProductionvCoalfieldsaremostlylocatedinCentralScotland,CentralEnglandandSouthWales.v3Bigproducers:Shell,BritishPetroleum(BP),BritishGas(BG)EnergyProductionCoalfieldsarServices industriesvServicesindustries,especially,businessandfinancialservicesthestrongestperformingsectorintheUKeconomyvLondonthestrongestperformingregionintheUKLondonEyeServicesindustriesServicesin Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries FinancevImportanceofinstitutionsofCityofLondoncannotbeover-emphasizedvknownastheworldsleadinginternationalfinancialcentrevOver550internationalbanksand170globalsecuritieshouseshaveofficesinLondonvBANKINGFinanceImportanceofinstitutiFinance(Cont.)vTheBankofEnglandthe central bank of the UKa nationalized industry operated on behalf of the government.controls the currency and acts as banker both to the government and to the commercial banks aims to maintain the integrity and value of the currency,maintain the stability of the financial system and ensure the effectiveness of the financial services sector.Finance(Cont.)TheBankofEng Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vTheLondonforeignexchangemarketisthelargestintheworld,withdailyturnoverof$504bninApril2001,accountingfor31%ofglobalturnover,morethanNewYorkandTokyocombined.Finance(Cont.)TheLondonforeignexchangema Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vLondonistheworldslargestfundmanagementcentre,andtheleaderinthemanagementofoverseasclientsnon-domesticportfolios.vFund ManagementFinance(Cont.)Londonistheworldslargest Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vSecuritiesDealing vLondonisthemajorcentrefortheinternationalbondmarket.vLondon-basedbookrunnersaccountedforabout60%ofinternationalbondsissued,with70%oftradinginthesecondarymarket,includingeuro-denominatedissues,alsobasedinLondonFinance(Cont.)SecuritiesDealingLondonist Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vLondon Stock ExchangeLondonStockExchangeLloydsv小钟一响小钟一响,黄金万两黄金万两Lloyds小钟一响,黄金万两AssignmentforUnit4vStateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.v1.What were the major causes of Britains relative economic decline in the postwar period?v2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?vDeadline:May17th,2011AssignmentforUnit4Stateyou英语国家概况英语国家概况ThankYou!英语国家概况