状语从句-总结归纳课件

状语从句 在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。引导状语从句的关联词是一些从属连词。状语从句同状语一样，在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开。若从句较短同时又与主句的关系十分紧密时，也可以不用逗号分开。状语从句根据它表达的意思和用途不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊连接词。状语从句的常用连接词和特殊连接词。2一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：A when,while,as,whenever when,while,as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。31when when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。When I got home,my family were already having dinner.我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间）When they were still talking and laughing,the teacher came in.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）4e.g:He waved a hello when he saw her.When you think you know nothing,you begin to know something.当when意思是“正当时候”（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。5 有时when表示“虽然，尽管”的含义，相当于although或since。He walks when he might take a taxi.尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none.既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？62while while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“而”。I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。7while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。While they love their children,they are strict with them.虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。8 3as as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。The thief was caught as/when he was stealing in the supermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。I saw Jim as/when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。9as表示“一边一边”，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。as表示“随着”As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。104when,while,as的用法区别 只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。I got the news on the radio when/while/as I was having breakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。11在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：aas更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。提示：状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。12 bwhen更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。When I had given Mary the spare ticket,I found my own already gone.当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。13 cwhile从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。She thought I was talking about her daughter,while in fact,I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。14 d若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。As he finished his speech,the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。155whenever whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。16B before,after 1before before表示在一段时间之前。You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。提示：before 从句往往带有否定的含义。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。17 2after after表在一段时间之后。The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。18 Ctill,until 1until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。We shall wait until/till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。Everything went well until/till that accident happened.直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。19 2notuntil/till表示“直到才”，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。People do not know the value of their health till/until/before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。20 3当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。214在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。22Dsince,ever since 1Since“自以来”。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。Since she was young,she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。23 2ever since“从那时起直至现在，此后一直”。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。Ever since they got married in 1950,they have lived happily.自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生活得很幸福。24 3since还可以用作副词或介词。The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent（ever）since.这只大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。25 Eas soon as as soon as.可译为“一就”，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。26 F.immediately/instantly/directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。27 Gthe moment,the minute,the instant,the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示“一 就”。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。28 Hhardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan 这两个短语都表示“刚就”，可以互换，主句通常用过去完成时。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。注意：当hardly,scarcely,no sooner 位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。29 Ionce once作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。30Jnext time,the first time,the last time,every time 等He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。31 Kby the time by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到 时”为止，主句一般要用完成时态。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。32二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where,wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。A where“在地方，去地方”Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。33 注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。You should put the book at where it was.You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。34 B.wherever“在任何地方，无论哪里”Wherever you go,you should do your work well.不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。C.everywhere Everywhere they went,they were kindly received.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。35三、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as,because,since,now(that),considering that,seeing that等。Abecause“因为”He couldnt have seen me,because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。36B since“因为，既然”。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。Since you have no license,you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。Since you are all here,lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。37 Cas“由于”。一般多用于句首。As she was ill,she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。38C because,since,as 的区别 1because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构It is/wasthat 和关联词notbut 引导的原因状语从句中，要用because。另外，because还常和副词just,merely等连用。2since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。3as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。39You shouldnt get angry only because some people speak ill of you.你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。Since youre not interested,I wont tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。40 Enow that“既然，因为”。that可以省略。Now you mention it again,I do remember.既然你又提起此事，我倒回想起来了。41 Fconsidering that,seeing that 这两个词和since,now that意思相近，都有“鉴于事实，考虑到”的意思。Seeing that quite a few people were absent,we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。42四、目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that,so，so that,sothat,in order that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can,could,may,might,should等。Athat,so that，in order that表示“为了，以便”，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的较少，多用so that。They hurried so that they might not miss the train.他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。43 In order that everyone present might hear her clearly,she raised her voice again.为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。They hurried so that they might not miss the train.They hurried so as not to miss the train.44 Bin case,lest,for fear that 几个短语都表示“万一，惟恐”，含有否定的意义。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。Take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，带把伞。45五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,so(that),sothat,suchthat等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。Aso,that,so that 这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。The room was packed with people,so that we couldnt get in.房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。46B.so.that“如此以致”。其引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：1so+形容词/副词+that-从句 The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。2so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that-从句 He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以致大家都很激动。473so+many/few+复数名词+that-从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。4so+much/little+不可数名词+that-从句 I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。48 5.在so+形容词/副词+that-从句结构中，如将so+形容词/副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见。49C such.that“如此以致”。其引导的结果状语从句有如下三种结构：1such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that-从句 Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至我们都非常喜欢她。2such+形容词+复数名词+that-从句They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.这些是十分有意思的小说，大家都想看。50 3such+形容词+不可数名词+that-从句 He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.他的进步很快，老师表扬了他。51D.such that 可以连用，意思是“（是）这样.以致”。His anger was such that he lost control of himself.他勃然大怒，以致不能自制。52六、条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有if,unless,so as long as,as so far as,on condition that,in case,suppose,supposing等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。53A.if表示正面条件，意为“如果”。If you ask him,he will help you.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。比较：if only和only if if only“但愿，要是就好了”，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。only if“只有”，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。Only if you heat ice,it turns to water.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。If only I knew!要是我知道该多好。54B.unless=if not,表示反面条件，意思是“如果不、除非”。They will go tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。55注意：if.not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的：1unless多引导真实条件句，ifnot可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。He wont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.除非他努力，否则就通过不了期末考试。He wont be able to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.如果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。56 2如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，ifnot结构不能换成unless。如：Ill be quite glad if she doesnt come this evening.她今晚如果不来我很高兴。3unless引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而ifnot引导的从句不可再用否定结构。Dont ask me to explain again unless you really dont understand.不要再叫我解释了，除非你真的不懂。574unless能作为介词使用，相当于except，而ifnot不可以。Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.这种事除非引起灾祸之外不会有什么结果。58 Cso long as,as long as,on condition that 都表示“只要，条件是”。As/So long as we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards.只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。59Din case in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于if it happens that。In case I forget,please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。60Eproviding,provided that,supposing,suppose that,given that 有“如果，只要，假如”等意思。Provided/Providing（that）we invite him,he would surely come to dinner.假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food,what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？61七、方式状语从句方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由as,as if,as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。A as,just as 意思是“如，正如一样”。just as 比as 语气要强一些。Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。62Bas if,as though 由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.这孩子弹起钢琴来就好象天生很懂音乐似的He acted as if/though nothing had happened 他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。63 八、比较状语从句 比较状语从句由as,than引导。Aas.as,the same as 用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用not so/asas,not the sameas。She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。64Not so much as “与其说前者，倒不如说后者。”或者“是后者，而不是前者”It wasnt so much that I disliked her _ that I just wasnt interested in the whole business。A rather B so C than D as 译译文文一一：“与与其其说说我我不不喜喜欢欢她她，倒倒不不如如说说我我对对整整个事情根本就不感兴趣。个事情根本就不感兴趣。”译译文文二二：“并并不不是是因因为为我我不不喜喜欢欢她她，而而是是因因为为我我对对整个事情根本就不感兴趣。整个事情根本就不感兴趣。65 Bthan than表示不同程度级的比较 It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。He is two inches taller than his father.=He is taller than his father by two inches.他比他爸爸高两英寸。66than Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks。”解解析析：这这个个句句子子是是thanthan引引导导的的比比较较状状语语从从句句，这这个个句句子子为为了了强强调调所所以以把把dodo提提前前，这这是是需需要要考考生生注注意的事项。意的事项。翻翻译译为为：“亚亚裔裔和和西西班班牙牙裔裔移移民民的的异异族族通通婚婚率率比比美国本土黑人和白人的比例要高美国本土黑人和白人的比例要高”。67Cthe more.,the more.这是表示比例的比较，意思是“越就越”。第一个the more 也可以看成是一个条件。The more you read,the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。（=If you read more,you will understand better.）68the more the more Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price。解解析析：这这个个句句子子是是“比比较较级级，比比较较级级”结结构构，从从句句省省略略了了谓谓语语动动词词，补补充充完完整整是是“the the greater greater the the potential potential consumers consumers are,are,the the higher higher the the likelihood likelihood of of a a better better price price isis。”翻翻译译为为：“基基本本经经济济学学原原理理标明，潜在的客户越多，获得更多优惠价格的可能性就越大。标明，潜在的客户越多，获得更多优惠价格的可能性就越大。”69 九、让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although,though,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether（是否）,no matter(who,what,etc),even if,even though等词引导。70Aalthough,though 这两个词意思一样，都表示“虽然，尽管”。although比though正式。1although指事实，多用于句首。多数情况下可与though换用。Although he is young,he is very clever.他尽管年轻，但很聪明。712though既指事实，又指设想。可用于句首、句中或句末。Though he is poor,he is happy.他虽然穷，但很快乐。提示：有时though=and yet“但是，然而”，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。It was hard work;I enjoyed it,though.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。72 3Although/though从句有时可以倒装，将从句中的一部分提置句首。Child though he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他懂得的东西却很多。（=Although he is a child,he knows a lot.）注意：although,though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用。Although/Though he blames me,yet I will trust him.尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。73Beven if,even though 这两个词语气比though,although强，“即使”，两者可以通用。We wont be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。Even if/though you fail,you will have gained experience.纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。74Cwhile,whereas 这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。75Dno matter(who,what,where,when,etc)这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。This is not true,no matter who says so.不管谁这么说，都不对。Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。76Ehowever,whatever,whenever,wherever 这些词在意思上和用法上都等于no matter how/what/who Whatever happens may happen,we shall never lose hope.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Dont let them in,whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。77 Fwhether.or(not).whether.or(not).意思是“不管还是”。Whether you believe it or not,its true.不管你信不信，这是真的。Whether the weather is good or bad,they will set off as planned.不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。78 Gas 连词as，同though一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。Young as he is,he knows a lot.他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(=Though he is young,he knows a lot.)Cold as it is,the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。79Hif if 有时也可用于让步状语从句，相当于even if。If he is poor,he is at least honest.尽管他穷，但至少他很诚实。Well go if it rains.即使下雨我们也要去。80谢谢！谢谢！