存在句和强调句课件

LOGO存在句（存在句（存在句（存在句（ExistentialSentence)ExistentialSentence)和强调句和强调句和强调句和强调句(EmphaticSentence)(EmphaticSentence)1存在句（ExistentialSentence)和强调句(一、存在句一、存在句:Therebe句型句型v结构特征：There+be+NP+LocativeExpression(+TemporalExpression)v即：Therebe+真实主语+地点状语(+时间状语)vthere只起引导作用，并无实际意义，句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。2一、存在句:Therebe句型TherearemanyTherebe句型的主谓一致句型的主谓一致vbe 动词在数上必须与主语保持一致，在有多个主语的情况下采取就近原则，即与靠近be的主语保持一致。There_manybooksontheshelf.There_apenandtworulersinthebox.There_twoboysandateacherattheschoolgate.Howmanypeople_thereinthecity?isareareare3Therebe句型的主谓一致be动词在数上必须与主语保持Therebe句型的时态句型的时态vTherebe句型中，be动词有各种时态的变化：现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe；thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen4Therebe句型的时态Therebe句型中，be动词Therebe与情态动词连用与情态动词连用vTherebe句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用，表示“一定有”、“可能有”、“应该有”等含义。1.一定是出了点问题。Theremustbesomethingwrong2.不应该有这么多的人。Thereoughtnottobesomanypeople.3.可能还有点希望。Theremightbesomehope.5Therebe与情态动词连用Therebe句型中的谓语Therebe与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用v能用于therebe句型中的这类词语主要有v这些短语中的动词形式仍然与后面的主语保持一致，并有时态的变化(usedto除外）。happento（碰巧）appeartoseemto（似乎）begoingto（将会）usedto（曾经）haveto（必须）belikelyto（很可能）There+be6Therebe与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用能用于thePractice:在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。战前这里曾有一个电影院。今晚有舞会吗？好像没有太大希望。可能会有很多人。TherehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineintheclubThereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewarIstheregoingtobeadancingpartytonight？Theredoesntseemtobemuchhope.Therearelikelytobemanypeople.7Practice:在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。7主语后的动词形式主语后的动词形式v在therebe句型中，主语后的动词形式只能是非谓语形式doing,done,或者todo。Thereisapurselyingontheground.Therearefiveminutesleftnow.v主语后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thereisalotofworktodo.Thereisnotimetolose.v切记：主语之后不能再出现其它谓语动词！Thereissomeoneoutsidewaitstoseeyou.Thereissomeoneoutsidewaitingtoseeyou.（）()8主语后的动词形式在therebe句型中，主语后的动词形式therebe与与have的比较的比较vtherebe表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。vTherearesomechildreninthegarden.vShehasthreecars.(汽车是属于她的)v若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：vAweekhassevendays.v=Therearesevendaysinaweek.9therebe与have的比较therebe表示某个时Therebe的非谓语形式及用法的非谓语形式及用法vTherebe的非谓语形式有两种，即theretobe和therebeing。1.作介词宾语,介词为for用tobe,其余介词用being.Theteacherwaswaitingfortheretobecompletesilence.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.10Therebe的非谓语形式及用法Therebe2.作动词宾语时常用tobe，常见动词有：expect,mean,intend,want,prefer等。Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice.Peopledontwanttheretobeanotherwar.3.作主语和状语时用being.Therebeingabusstopsoneartothehouseisagreatadvantage.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.112.作动词宾语时常用tobe，常见动词有：expect,专四真题：专四真题：1.There_nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be2.Whatsthechanceof_ageneralelectionthisyear?（2005）A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe12专四真题：123.Itisnotuncommonforthere_problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.（2007）A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe133.ItisnotuncommonforthereExercise:filleachgapwiththeretobeorthere beingv1.theresnowsomehopeof_asettlementofthedispute.v2.Theyaskedfor_anothermeeting.v3.Johnaskedabout_anothermeeting.v4.Johnintended_ameetingafterwards.v5.Itsessentialfor_morehousesbuiltnextyear.v6._nofurtherbusiness,theChairmanclosedthemeeting.v7.Peoplehate_queueseverywhere.therebeingtherebeingTherebeingtherebeingtheretobetheretobetheretobe14Exercise:filleachgapwithtTherebe结构的常用句型结构的常用句型vThereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事是没有意义的vThereisnodifficultyindoingsth.做某事没有困难vThereisnousedoingsth.做某事没有用vThereisnoneedtodosth.没有必要做某事Thereisnosenseinarguingwithhim.Therewasnodifficultyincarryingouttheplan.Therewasnoneedtogivehimsomuchmoney.15Therebe结构的常用句型Thereisnosenthere与其它动词连用与其它动词连用v在在therebe句型中的句型中的be还可以换成其他动词，一般还可以换成其他动词，一般为不及物动词，如为不及物动词，如:live,stand,exist,remain,lie表示状态表示状态come,go,appear,enter,follow,occur描写描写某事的发生或某人的到达。某事的发生或某人的到达。vOnceuponatime,therelivedarichman.vTherecomesthebus!vTherefollowedaterriblenoise.vSuddenlythereenteredastrangeman.vAtthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.16there与其它动词连用在therebe句型中的be还可Exercise:translatethefollowingsentences1.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?2.Doyouknowthereisanimportantarticleintodaysnewspaper?3.Therearealotofpeopleboatingintheparknearourinstitute.4.Thereusedtobeplentyofwaterinthisriver.5.Therehappenedtobenobodynearbyatthattime.6.Theremustbemanypeoplewhoareinterestedinthisplan.17Exercise:translatethefollow二、强调句二、强调句Itis/was+被强调部分+连接词强调主语:强调宾语:强调状语:that人:who/that物:that人:whom/that物:that结构：18二、强调句Itis/was+被强调部分+连接词人:NancysawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.ItwasNancywhosawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.ItwasyoursisterwhomNancysawinTokyolastweek.ItwasinTokyothatNancysawyoursisterlastweek.ItwaslastweekthatNancysawyoursisterinTokyo.19NancysawyoursisterinTokyo否定句的强调结构否定句的强调结构vHedoesntstudyFrench.Itisnothethat/whostudiesFrench.ItisnotFrenchthathestudies.vIdidntdoallthisformyself.vItwasntformyselfthatIdidallthis.20否定句的强调结构HedoesntstudyFrencnot.until的强调句型vItis(was)notuntilthatvHedidntcomeuntilhiswifeleft.Itwasnotuntilhiswifeleftthathecame.vTheydidntstartuntiltherainstopped.Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.21not.until的强调句型Itis(was)将下面的句子变为强调句。将下面的句子变为强调句。vThesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.vThestudentsdidnotstoptalkinguntiltheteachercamein.vKey:vItisnotuntilnextweekthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld.vItwasnotuntiltheteachercameinthatthestudentsstoppedtalking.22将下面的句子变为强调句。Thesportsmeetwi强调句的疑问形式vItwasJimthattoldusthenews.WasitJimthattoldusthenews?(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)Whowasitthattoldusthenews?(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)vItwasyesterdaythathearrived.Wasityesterdaythathearrived?Whenwasitthathearrived?23强调句的疑问形式ItwasJimthattoldv“Howwas_theydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?”“Totallybychance.”A.itthat B.hethatC.itwhenD.hewhichItwastotallybychancethattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.24“Howwas_theydiscovWhatisit_hisdaughterneedsmost?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.ifvItislovethathisdaughterneedsmost.25Whatisit_hisdaugh强调结构与类似句型的区别强调结构与类似句型的区别v判断是否是强调结构的方法是：去掉itis/was和that后，剩余部分(经调整后)是否依然是个完整的句子，若是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。vItisapitythatyoucouldnotcome.去掉Itis和that后，句子不成立，是形式主语句型vItwasattenthathegothome.v去掉itwas和that后，原句可调整为Hegothomeatten.句子完整正确，故这是强调结构26强调结构与类似句型的区别判断是否是强调结构的方法是：去掉it1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then2.Itwas_hesaid_disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what271.WasitduringtheSecondWov3.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when4._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether283.Itwasabout600yearsagoPractice:Emphasize the italicized part.1.Wehavebeentalkingaboutyou.2.Lao Zhangoughttoberesponsibleforwhathashappened.3.Sheconsentedtotheirrequestonlyout of courtesy.4.TheWuhanBridgewascompletedin 1957,notin1958.5.Hechosethecoursebecause of his strong interest in literature.6.When she was about to go to bed,thetelephonerang.Itisyouthat/whomwehavebeentalkingabout.ItisLaoZhangwhooughttoberesponsiblefor.ItwasonlyoutofcourtesythatsheconsentedtoItwasin1957,notin1958thattheWuhanBridgewascompleted.Itwaswhenshewasabouttogotobedthatthetelephonerang.Itwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliteraturethathechosethecourse.29Practice:EmphasizetheitalicTranslate:1.我是在家人和朋友们的支持下取得这项成就的.(withthesupportof)2.这个历史性的(historic)会议是在北京开的.3.是小杨提出这个建议的.4.该受批评的是你,不是小李.5.我们坚决反对的正是这种思想.(oppose)6.他们这样做不是为了个人利益(personalinterest).ItiswiththesupportofmyfamilyandfriendsthatIhavemadethisachievement.ItwasinBeijingthatthishistoricmeetingwasheld.ItwasXiaoyangwhomadethissuggestion.Itisyou,notXiaolithatshouldbeblamed.Itisthiskindofthoughtthatwestronglyoppose.Itwasnotforpersonalinterestthattheydidthatinthisway.30Translate:1.我是在家人和朋友们的支持下取得这项