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Hypertension高血压病高血压病1 Hypertension高血压病1 What Is Hypertension?Hypertension(HTN)is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).2 What Is Hypertension?HypertensDiagnosisLead toHypertension高血压高血压systolic blood pressure140diastolic blood pressure 90Either of themDanger Zonesystolic blood pressure120diastolic blood pressure 80Both of themNormal blood pressure正常血压范围正常血压范围A warning signIf your BP are 120/80 or higherbut below 140/90It is calledPre-hypertension高血压前期高血压前期3 DiagnosisLead toHypertension高血HypertensionEssential Hypertension 原发性高血压（高血压病）9095%Secondary Hypertension继发性高血压 510%primary or essential hypertension:high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的)medical cause.Secondary Hypertension:High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件)or medication(药物).Classification Of HypertensionPrimary or Essential Hypertension Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension)良性/缓进性高血压 Malignant Hypertension(Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性高血压4 HypertensionEssential HypertenChronic kidney diseaseHyperparathyroidism(happrardzm)renal artery stenosis(stnss)birth control pills,diet pills,cold medications,Migraine(magren)Medications.PregnancyDisorders of the adrenal glandSecondary Hypertension肾上腺功能紊乱肾上腺功能紊乱慢性肾疾病慢性肾疾病甲状旁腺功能亢进症甲状旁腺功能亢进症肾动脉狭窄肾动脉狭窄避孕丸、节食丸、感避孕丸、节食丸、感冒药、偏头痛药冒药、偏头痛药孕妇孕妇5 ChronicHyperparathyroidismrenaCauses Of HypertensionGenes（遗传因素）Diet（膳食因素）Social And Mental Condition（社会心理应激因素）a.Stress（压力）b.Anger（愤怒）c.Frightened（惊吓）Others（其它因素）a.Obesity（bi:sti:肥胖症）b.Smoke（吸烟）c.Older Age（老龄）d.Inactivity（缺乏锻炼）e.Race（种族）6 Causes Of HypertensionGenes（遗传Who is at risk?Anyone can have high blood pressure.Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:African Americans(more sensitive to salt)People over age 55 People with a family history of high blood pressure7 Who is at risk?Anyone can haveWho is at risk?Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:Are overweight Eat foods high in salt Do not get regular exercise Smoke Drink alcohol heavilyUnder Stress,anger,frightened or sad in a long time8 Who is at risk?Your chances ofHypertension SymptomsHigh blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀伤者)because it may have no outward symptoms for years(可能没有外在症状长达数年).In fact,one in five people with the condition dont know they have it.Internally(nt:nl,在体内地),it can quietly damage the heart,lungs,blood vessels,brain,and kidneys if left untreated.Its a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中)and heart attacks(心脏病).9 Hypertension SymptomsHigh blPathological Changes(病变病变)Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease.左心室壁明显增厚10 Pathological Changes(病变)Left vPrimarygranular(grnjl,颗粒状的)atrophy(trfi:,萎缩)ofthekidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾）：with clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney.(肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)Arteriolar(:tiriul,小动脉的)nephrosclerosis(nefrsklirusis)（细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化).Nodular(ndjul)(结节性)11 Primary granular(grnjl,颗hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）：Internal capsule(内囊)or Basal ganglia(beislli,基底神经节)instead of blood clots(被血凝块代替).Hypertensive retinopathy(retinpi,视网膜病变)（高血压性视网膜病变）12 hypertensive cerebral hemorrhaComplications(并发症并发症)When blood pressure is not well controlled,you are at risk for:Bleedingfromtheaorta(e:t,主动脉出血),thelargebloodvesselthatsuppliesbloodtotheabdomen(bdmn),pelvis(pelvs),andlegs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)Chronickidneydisease(慢性肾疾病)Heartattackandheartfailure(心脏病和心力衰竭)Poorbloodsupplytothelegs(下肢供血不足)Stroke(中风/脑卒中)Problemswithyourvision(视觉障碍)13 Complications(并发症)When blood pTreatmentThe DASH Diet-Dietary Approaches(饮食疗法)to Stop Hypertension-involves eating more fruits,vegetables,whole-grain foods(全谷类食物),low-fat dairy(低脂奶),fish,poultry(禽肉),and nuts(坚果).You should eat less red meat(红肉),saturated fats(饱和脂肪),and sweets(甜食).Exercise 14 TreatmentThe DASH Diet-DietMedications:Diuretics(dajuretk)(利尿药)Beta-blockers(-阻断剂)ACE Inhibitors(nhbt(r)(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)Complementary Therapies（erpi补补充医学疗法）充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜伽）,tai chi（太极）,and deep breathing（深呼吸）also help.15 Medications:Diuretics(dPreventionAdults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly.Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure.Exercise often.Eat foods low in salt.Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level.Do not smoke.Limit alcohol.16 PreventionAdults over 18 shoulThank you!17 Thank you!17
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