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COMPANY LOGO消化道出血医学知识消化道出血医学知识1COMPANY LOGO 背景背景 食管胃静脉曲张可见于约50%的肝硬化患者,接近20%的患者静脉曲张较粗大1 大约1/3静脉曲张患者会发生出血1。中重度静脉曲张的肝硬化患者2年出血风险为25%-30%。静脉曲张患者一生中发生出血的危险接近50%2。消化道出血医学知识2 背景 食管胃静脉曲张可见于约50%的肝硬化患者,接COMPANY LOGO 食管胃静脉曲张食管胃静脉曲张出血的出血的治疗目的治疗目的控制急性食管胃静脉曲张出血预防食管胃静脉曲张首次出血与再次出血改善肝脏功能储备消化道出血医学知识3 食管胃静脉曲张控制急性食管胃预防改善肝脏消化道出血医学知COMPANY LOGO 如何控制急性食管胃静脉曲张出血?消化道出血医学知识4 消化道出血医学知识4COMPANY LOGO 一、综合治疗恢复血容量降低门静脉压力药物和其他药物气囊压迫止血并发症的预防和处理消化道出血医学知识5 一、综合治疗恢复血容量降低门静脉压力药物和其他药物气囊压COMPANY LOGO1、恢复血容量应尽早恢复血容量 根据出血程度确定扩容量及液体性质以维持血流动力学稳定并使血维持血流动力学稳定并使血红蛋白水平维持在红蛋白水平维持在80 gL以上以上3(I,B)。避免仅用氯化钠溶液补足液体以免加重或避免仅用氯化钠溶液补足液体以免加重或加速腹水或其他血管外液体的蓄积加速腹水或其他血管外液体的蓄积。血容量充足的指征 收缩压90120 mmHg;脉搏40 mlh、血Na+20 mmHg(出血24h内测量)但ChildPughA级者行急诊分流手术有可能挽救患者生命;ChildPugh B级者多考虑实施急诊断流手术:ChildPugh C级者决定手术应极为慎重(死亡率50)外科分流手术在降低再出血率方面非常有效但可增加肝性脑病风险。且与内镜及药物治疗相比并未改善生存率。肝移植是可考虑的理想选择。消化道出血医学知识19(四)外科手术尽管有以上多种治疗措施仍有约20的患者出血COMPANY LOGO参考文献1 Luketic VA,Sanyal AJ:Esophageal varices.I.Clinical presentation,medical therapy,and endoscopic therapy.Gastroenterol Clin North Am 29:337-385,2000.2 McKiernan PJ:Treatment of variceal bleeding.Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 11:789-812,2001.3 de Franchis R.Evolving consensus in portal hypertension Report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension J.J Hepato1200543:1671764 Vlachogiannakos JKougioumtzian A,Triantos Cet a1Clinical trial:The effect of somatostatin vs.oetreotide in preventing post-endoscopic increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient in cirrhotics with bleeding varices JAliment Pharomacol Ther,200726:147914875 Corley DACello JPAdkisson Wet a1Octreotide for acute esophageal variceal bleeding:a metaana1ysisJ.Gastroenterol一ogy.2001,120:9469546孔海潜杨冬华善得定治疗食道静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效评价J肝脏病杂志,1995,3:2252267 Bernard B,Grange JD,Khac EN,et a1Antibiotic prnphylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding:a meta-analysis:JHepatology,1999,29:1655-1661.消化道出血医学知识20参考文献1 Luketic VA,Sanyal AJ:ECOMPANY LOGO参考文献 8 Garcia-Tsao G,Groszmann RJ,Fisher RL,et a1Portal pressure,presence of gastroesophageal varlces and variceal bleedingJHepatology,1985,5:419-4249 de la Pena J,Orive A,Cuadrado A,et a1Comparison of esophageal stenoses produced by endoscopic sclerotherapy versus varieeal ligationJGastreenterol Hepatol,2006,29:52352710 Urso G,Interlandi D,Puglisi M,et a1The combined endoscopic therapy(band ligation and sclerosis)in the eradication of the esophageal varices in the cirrhotic patient:our experienceJMinerva Gastroenterol Dietol,2006,52:309316消化道出血医学知识21参考文献 8 Garcia-Tsao G,GroszmaCOMPANY LOGO 谢谢!消化道出血医学知识22 消化道出血医学知识22
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