高考介词总复习

介介 词词 精精 编编时间介词时间介词in,on,at1.at_8:00pm_work(在工作中在工作中)atat midnight(在午夜在午夜)at_ the age of 17in,on,at 填空填空in the morning_August2._inst_Autumn_the 21centuryinin_the Tang Dynasty(唐朝唐朝)inon3._July 20,2008on the morning of 16th_on a windy evening_in the morning/afternoon/eveningon Monday/Tuesday/Wedesday.in 2016/2022in this morning,this,that,last,the in this yearnext修饰时，不能修饰时，不能in that afternoon,加介词加介词in the next eveningon last Sundayin+n.在.方面He is an expert in teaching little kids.before,after,until/till,since 分别是什么意思？分别是什么意思？1.The patient recovered from his cancer _ afterseveral chemical treatment.(治疗)2.You must read the guide _ operating the beforemachine.3._its birth,the baby panda has beenSincewatched closely by these scientists.4.The explorers didnt arrive at their destination(目的地)_midnight.until5.Then Primier(总理)Zhou en lai devoted all his life to working _the last moment of his life.until/till地点介词地点介词1.across,through区别区别2.in,on,to,off 区别区别3.over和和 above;under 和和below区别区别acrossLater，the horse goes _ the grassland.(从物体表面从物体表面)横穿横穿,横跨横跨acrossthroughThe horse goes _ the forest.(从物体中间从物体中间)穿透穿透,穿越穿越throughacross(从中间从中间)穿透穿透,穿越穿越(从表面从表面)横跨；横穿横跨；横穿1)Its difficult to walk _ the desert(沙漠沙漠)acrosswithin 3 days.2)A train is going _ the forest/tunnel(隧道隧道).through3)The sailor is watching the ships in the distance _ the telescope.(望远镜望远镜)through4)The sunshine comes into the room _ the throughwindow.5)You can go _ the bridge to the opposite acrossbank.6)Jack shouted my name _ the the other acrossside of the treet.7)Toms grandfather went_World War II.through8)I phoned Mr.Zhang this morning,but I couldnt get_to him.through“在在.下面下面”:under 和和below “在在.上面上面”:over 和和aboveaboveoverunderbelow above“在在.(以以)上上”below“在在.(以以)下下”1.Tom get higher marks than any other boys in the test.It means he is _the average(平均平均).above2.Zhang haidi,a famous femal writer,has been disabled _her waist(腰部腰部)at birth so that belowshe isnt able to walk.3.The boat sailed further and further,and disappeared _belowthe sea level(海平面海平面)in the end.地点介词in,on,to区别on边界接壤in境内to境外(完全不连接）点击下方字体即有超链接off离开.海岸to1)Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _ the innortheast of Guangdong.2)Hubei is _ the north of Hunan.on3)Fujian is _ the east of China.inoff4)Taiwan island lies _ the east coast of China.to5)Japan is located _the eastwestern of China点击图片超链接返回上一张离岸.;近海处off 动作性介词动作性介词1.off 2.under 3.by 4.with 5.for 6.to(ward)off的用法一览：的用法一览：1)The ship sank offthe western coast.离离.海岸处海岸处2)With 80%offthe price,the clothes sell much cheaper.打折打折关闭关闭3)Please turn offthe light.4)Sorry,I must be off right now.See you next time.6)Hurry up,the plane is taking off.起飞起飞离开离开7)It was so hot that the man took off his T-shirt.脱下衣服脱下衣服7)Because of the flooding,the village was cut offfrom the outside world.切断联系切断联系8).I asked a day offfrom my headteacher,Mr.Mo,then I went home in a hurry.(请假请假)离开离开this wayoff8)All of a sudden,the red car was out of control and went off its way,hitting another car in the opposite(相反的)direction.偏离偏离.路线路线under 表示表示被动的动作被动的动作under control 被控制被控制under discussion讨论中讨论中under pressure在压力下在压力下under attack 受到攻击受到攻击under way 进行中；正在进行进行中；正在进行1.The monthly exam is under way.Please keep quiet.2.The series killer was seized(=caught)by the police and he was under control.by的用法一览的用法一览被被;由由.1.America was discovered byColumbus.2.Have you ever been to Guangzhou byship?乘乘;坐坐3.He passed the exam byhard work.4.Most people work because its unavoidable(不可避免的不可避免的).By contrast(对比对比),there are some people who acutally enjoy work.5.By working hard Tom made progress in 通通过过.(方式方式)Math.(增加增加/减少减少了的了的)差差额额6.The factory will increase its output by 50%/one-thirdnext year.with without within(在在.范围之内范围之内)1.I will visit the Yellow Stone Park along/together withmy cousins.和和.2.Withthe help of my English teacher,I m con-fident to learn English well.有有.随着随着.3.(With)summer coming,it is getting much hotter.5.The boy hit the dog witha stone.用用(工具工具)用用(身体部位身体部位)6.I got close to the cake and smelt it withmy nose.7.Human beings cant survive _air and water.without8.The toys are _childrens reach(够得到够得到).withinagainst 用法一览用法一览1.The two parties often have different ideas,so they areagainst each other.反对反对;违背违背2.Looking at the camer,the teenagers sat with their backs against each other.挨着；靠着挨着；靠着3.Another new law against drug abuse(毒品滥用毒品滥用)came into effect yesterday.抵制抵制;制裁制裁for 1)“为了.目的或利益”2)表原因“因为.”2)“用来;用于”(表用途)表原因表原因1.Tom didnt come to workforhis bad cold.2.We study hard forour motherland.3.We all hope forsuccess.表目的表目的表利益表利益4.I will go to Beihai forvacation next month.5.Knives are used forcutting things.表目的表目的表用途表用途by/in/with/on用法归纳用法归纳write _ a pen/cut _ a knifewithwithsee _ our eyeswithwith+工具工具/人体部位人体部位inin_ English/_ your own words_ a low voiceinin+语言语言/声音声音/方法方法way_ this wayin_ bike/bus/train/road/air/sea/landby_ this meansbyby+交通工具交通工具/方法方法means_ the radio/the phone/TVon_ on the bike/bus/train/shipon+媒介媒介/the+交通工具交通工具其他类介词其他类介词except“除了.”(排除同类的)besides“除了.之外,还有.;此外”(实际上不排除)1.Everyone was out of breath _ Tom.exceptBecause he didnt run at all.2.The farmer also learn plant apples,peaches,and besidesoranges _bananas.3.According to the latest news,_the first besidesfive miners(矿工矿工),a sixth was found dead in the accident.of 的用法的用法1.The writer ofthe Million Pound Note is Mark“.的的”(表所属关系表所属关系)Twain.2.The book is ofmuch interestto majority of thestudents.=The book is much interesting.3.The ladys idea was ofgreat helpwhen we were in trouble then.=The ladys idea was greatly helpful.总结：总结：of+(great/much)+名词名词=(greatly/much)+名词名词原来的形容词原来的形容词beyond“超过;无法.”1.It is amamzing.The magic that magician is making beyong imagination.超乎想象；无法想象超乎想象；无法想象2.The physics problem was so difficult that it is beyong me/my ability.(人人)不能做到；超出不能做到；超出.能力能力3.The Guilins scenery(风景风景)is so beautiful that it is beyond description.无法形容无法形容;难描难画难描难画短语带介词短语带介词to：+n./doing“对着对着;向着向着.”be accustomed to 习惯于习惯于=get/be used tobe close to靠近靠近be devoted to献身于献身于;投身于投身于.be similarto和和.相似相似 be cruelto对对.残酷残酷;无情无情be equal to 等于等于;胜任胜任 be opposite to在在.对面对面;和和.相反相反(对立面对立面)be addictedto沉溺于沉溺于contribute to奉献奉献look forward to 期待期待;盼望盼望refer to 参考参考;提及提及;谈到谈到key to success成功的关键成功的关键answer to the question的答案的答案road to modern English 通往现代英语之路通往现代英语之路1.The 20-year-old man has been addicted to taking_(take)drugs for nearly three monthes.带介词的短语带介词的短语语法白皮书：第十章第十章 动词动词P102-104，请科代表分两天带全体同学读完这些内容：从“十五 10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构到“二十二24个常用“in+其他词+of”结构，P104还有顶头几个。注：二十三注：二十三 可不读可不读9.Its five oclock by my watch.10.Judging byappearances can be misleading.根据，按照 according topay sb by the hour按小时付钱给某人rent a car by the day/week/month I learned it _ a friend.throughHe succeeded _ hard work.through/by through“通过”表示一种途径，有时可与by 换用。He talks _ French.inpay in cash 以现金支付以现金支付in“用（语言）”He was writing _ a pencil.withWe see _ our eyes.withwith“用”后常接具体有形的物体。with 的用法:“用”表伴随“带着，有，随1.The man went home with a happy heart.着”2.Some high school students may be required to have an interview with people from the university.“与,和”3.Her fingers were numb with cold.numb with cold 冻得发麻冻得发麻表原因jump with joy高兴得跳起来高兴得跳起来smile with satisfaction满意地笑满意地笑 表伴随with_ time going by=as time goes/went by连词with 的复合结构：with sb.doingsth.donesth.to doI wouldnt have entered this famous university _ your help.without隐含的条件句虚拟语气within在在范围内范围内-(反义词反义词）beyondIt saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach.within在容易到达的范围之内在容易到达的范围之内要注意的地方要注意的地方1.With everything bought(buy),she went out the store with a full basket happily.2.She had no trouble finishing（finish）the job.3.It was late and there wasnt any body towhom she could turn for help.1.with的复合结构的复合结构2.介词的省略介词的省略3.定从中的介词提前定从中的介词提前for 的用法表原因;We apologize for any inconvenience caused during the repairs.我们为维修期间造成的任何不便道歉。apologize to sb for sthShe stared at me for a few seconds and handed back the money.表长达一段时间To pay for the high-tech health care,people can buy health insurance for their pets.为了for 的用法He was too proud to ask his family for help and support.他自尊心太强，不愿向家人寻求他自尊心太强，不愿向家人寻求帮助和支持。帮助和支持。ask sb for sth问某人要某物问某人要某物Are you for or againstthe war?.赞成反对object toin favor ofoppose vt.for,tofor表示表示“为了为了.”to 表示动作对象表示动作对象,“对对,向向”forHe would do anything _ his motherland.Did you mention this _ my father?tofor 表示表示“就某情况而说就某情况而说”,to 表示表示“对某对象而言对某对象而言”如：如：forIt s quite warm today _ November.toWhat he told you just now was not new _ me.用用besides,except,except for,but/apart from填空填空We need fifteen morepeople _ our team tobesidesdo the job.Except for_a desk or two,the classroom was empty.butShe seldom talked of anything _ painting._ his wife,his daughter also went swimming.BesidesexceptWe all attended the meeting _ Xiao Li.There is no one here _ Mary and Tom.butbutWho _ a fool would do such a thing?besides also，another，more，other，else，tooexcept句末句末 except for 句首或句末句首或句末but句末句末every,any,all,everybody,anything,anywhere,nobody,no,none/who,what,whereas/like在在谈到人、事物或到人、事物或 动作有相同或共同点作有相同或共同点时，两，两者均可用，只是者均可用，只是 like是介是介词，用于名，用于名 词、代、代 词、动名名词之前，之前，as是是连词，用于分句之前：，用于分句之前：_ me,she enjoys all kinds of music.LikeasShe enjoys all kinds of music,_ I do.在表示职业、身份、作用等时，两者的区别在表示职业、身份、作用等时，两者的区别是：是：as 表示比较的双方表示比较的双方同属一类或完全相似同属一类或完全相似，而而 like 只表示在只表示在某些方面相似某些方面相似。He worked as a slave.He worked like a slave.above/over/on/below/under/inoverBe careful!There is a snake _ yourhead.aboveThe sun is _ the mountain in the east.on/underThere is a glass _ the table.Mr.Brown was _ his wife in socialbelowstanding.There are three birds _ the tree.inThere is many articles _ the innewspaper.because of/due to/thanks to/owing to作定语或表语作定语或表语Mistakes _ carelessness may due tohave serious consequences._ your help,I have great Thanks toprogress.多用于句首多用于句首because ofI am late _ the heavy rain.作状语，位于句首或句尾作状语，位于句首或句尾They decided to postpone the trip,_ bad weather.owing to逗号隔开位于句首或句尾逗号隔开位于句首或句尾复习时需注意的要点复习时需注意的要点1.Please give me a pen to write _.withWho are you talking _?to2.介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配固定搭配.?be proud of,pay a visit to,the key to,for the most part 就绝大部分而言就绝大部分而言,to one s surprise,in surprise3.容易错误的地方容易错误的地方that1)The story is about that a manasked asking for a second chance.2)I agree the writer because of the with介词一般介词一般 不直接加句子不直接加句子,ofwriter is telling us the truth.am不及物动词要加介词再加宾语不及物动词要加介词再加宾语3)On my opinion,I against the idea.In介词不可单独作谓语介词不可单独作谓语,4)On the next day,the poor man was killed.of时间状语前有时间状语前有the next，the last等不再加介词等不再加介词。2（2015年全国1卷）Instead,I d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it s only an hour byaway _46_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.3.His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The withyoung man went home _a happy heart.名词名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语在句中不作主语,也也不作动词的宾语不作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语就应是作介词的宾语,空格处应填介词空格处应填介词;由句意可知由句意可知,是指这个是指这个年轻人年轻人“带着带着”愉快的心情回家愉快的心情回家,表示表示“带着带着”用用with。4.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes on_sale.固定搭配固定搭配on sale,表示表示“出售出售”。解题方法：解题方法：介词与语法填空：介词与语法填空：1.做语法填空时，做语法填空时，若纯若纯空格后是空格后是_名词名词、_ 代词代词 或或_inging形式形式，而且而且它们它们 在句中不是主语、及物动词的宾语在句中不是主语、及物动词的宾语，这个空格就很可能是填介词；这个空格就很可能是填介词；2.带介词的短语带介词的短语;语篇填空语篇填空Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating fora day 1 _children to honor their fathers began in Spokane,Washington.1.表示目的。表示目的。withA woman 2 _the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3 _the idea offor Fathers Day while listening to a inMothers Day sermon 4 _1909.2.with the name of=named/called(名叫名叫)。3.因因think of(想到想到)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。4.表示在某年或某月用介词表示在某年或某月用介词in。byHaving been raised 5 _her father,Henry Jackson Smart,after her mother died,Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to6 _ her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,7 _the eyes of inhis daughter,a courageous,selfless,and loving man.5.在被动语态中表示动词的执行者在被动语态中表示动词的执行者,用用by。6.表示表示“对某人特别对某人特别”是是be special to sb.。类。类似的还有似的还有be kind/friendly to sb.等。等。7.表示表示“在某人的眼中在某人的眼中”是是in the eyes of sb.。Sonoras father was born in June,so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 8 _ inSpokane,Washington 9 _the 19th of June,on1910.In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge asannounced the third Sunday in June 10 _ Fathers Day.Roses are the flowers for Fathers Day.8.表示表示“在在”某个大城市，用介词某个大城市，用介词in。9.表示表示“在在”具体某一天用介词具体某一天用介词on。10.表示表示“当作，作为当作，作为”，用，用as。