高三英语二轮复习ppt课件：专题五-短文改错

专题五短文改错专题五短文改错思维导图思维导图技法点拨1跟踪训练2栏目索引 技法点拨1 跟踪训练2栏目索引一、常一、常见错误分析分析短短文文改改错设置置的的错误归纳为词法法错误、句句法法错误和和行行文文逻辑关关系系错误，这些些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：大致涉及以下几个方面：(一一)词法法错误1.错词错词主要涉及名主要涉及名词、冠、冠词、介、介词、形容、形容词、副、副词、代、代词、动词等的等的错误：(1)动词的的误用用，包包括括时态、主主谓一一致致、非非谓语动词、第第三三人人称称单数数谓语动词等的等的误用用。技法点拨技法点拨一、常见错误分析技法点拨It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析hadhave。考考查动词时态。根根据据上上下下文文可可知知，文文章章的的时态是是一一般般现在在时，所以，所以应把把had改改为have。It is always crowded with cusHowever，my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me.(2016全国全国)解析解解析析telltold。根根据据上上下下文文可可知知，应用用一一般般过去去时，所所以以应把把tell改改为told。However，my parents didnt see(2)冠冠词的的误用用，不不应该用用冠冠词的的地地方方用用了了冠冠词，应该用用冠冠词的的地地方方用用错了或不用。了或不用。(2)冠词的误用，不应该用冠词的地方用了冠词，应该用冠词的地解析My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全国全国)解解析析thea。考考查冠冠词。此此处为固固定定短短语in a short period of time意意为“在短在短时间内内”，故用不定冠，故用不定冠词。典题印证解析My uncle says that he neverAt the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国全国)解析解析解析删除除the。考。考查冠冠词。at first意意为“起初起初”，为固定搭配。固定搭配。At the first，I thought I knew(3)名名词的的误用用，包包括括可可数数名名词和和不不可可数数名名词的的误用用以以及及名名词的的单复复数数形式的形式的误用。用。(3)名词的误用，包括可数名词和不可数名词的误用以及名词的单If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析 knowledgesknowledge。考考查名名词单复复数数。本本句句中中名名词knowledge是不可数名是不可数名词，没有复数形式。，没有复数形式。If we go on a trip abroad，we One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国全国)解析解解析析parentparents。考考查名名词的的数数。根根据据下下文文可可知知，托托尼尼是是和和他他的爸爸的爸爸妈妈一起出来的，所以用复数形式。一起出来的，所以用复数形式。One day，little Tony went to a(4)形形容容词和和副副词的的误用用，包包括括系系动词be和和感感官官动词后后的的形形容容词的的误用用以及形容以及形容词和副和副词之之间的的误用。用。(4)形容词和副词的误用，包括系动词be和感官动词后的形容词Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析steadsteadily。考考查副副词。根根据据句句意意可可知知，此此处grow是是实义动词，意，意为“增增长”，不是系，不是系动词，故用副，故用副词修修饰。Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015全国全国)解解析析seriouslyserious。考考查形形容容词。此此处应该使使用用定定语修修饰名名词problem，故用形容，故用形容词形式。形式。Instead，he hopes that his bus(5)介介词的的误用用，包包括括对特特定定介介词的的用用法法意意义判判断断错误以以及及固固定定搭搭配配中中的介的介词误用等。用等。(5)介词的误用，包括对特定介词的用法意义判断错误以及固定搭Now I am leaving home to college.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析tofor。考考查介介词。leave.for.意意为“前前往往”，为固固定定搭搭配，故配，故应把把to改改为for。We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.(2014辽宁宁)解解析析figure后后加加out。考考查介介词与与动词的的搭搭配配。figure out意意为“想想出出、算算出出”。此此处表表示示“我我们希希望望你你们能能想想出出一一个个解解决决这个个问题更更好好的的方方法法”之意，故不能漏掉介之意，故不能漏掉介词out。Now I am leaving home to coll(6)代代词的的误用用，包包括括人人称称代代词的的主主格格与与宾格格、反反身身代代词、物物主主代代词以以及及单词的的单复数复数误用、代用、代词指代指代错误等。等。(6)代词的误用，包括人称代词的主格与宾格、反身代词、物主代If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析yourour。考考查代代词。此此处表表示示“我我们能能够拓拓宽我我们的的视野野”。故。故应该使用使用our，与本句的主，与本句的主语we保持一致。保持一致。Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江浙江)解析解析themit。考。考查代代词。此。此处指代指代park，为单数名数名词，故用代，故用代词it。If we go on a trip abroad，we 2.缺缺词缺缺词是是指指句句中中漏漏掉掉了了不不能能少少的的词，致致使使句句子子结构构不不完完整整、语法法出出现错误等，如冠等，如冠词、介、介词、代、代词等的等的丢失。失。2.缺词But in that case，we will learn little about world.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析world前前加加the。考考查定定冠冠词。在在英英语中中定定冠冠词the通通常常表表示示特特指指，本句中本句中the修修饰world表示特指表示特指“我我们所生活的所生活的这个世界个世界”。Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015四川四川)解析解析want后加后加to。考。考查非非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。想要做某事。But in that case，we will lear3.多多词 画画蛇蛇添添足足，表表现在在改改错中中就就是是由由于于汉语的的影影响响而而出出现的的多多词错误，一一般有介般有介词、连词、冠、冠词、代、代词或助或助动词等的多余等的多余错误。3.多词 Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全国全国)典题印证解析解解析析删除除but。考考查从从属属连词与与并并列列连词。从从属属连词though不不可可与与并并列列连词but连用。故用。故应删除除but。My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陕西西)解解析析删除除in。考考查介介词。因因为last week可可以以单独独作作状状语，不不需需要要加加介介词in。Though not very big，but the r(二二)句法句法错误1.名名词性从句中的性从句中的连接接词以及其他疑以及其他疑问词的混用、的混用、误用用(二)句法错误My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国全国)典题印证解解析析thatwhere。考考查宾语从从句句的的连词用用法法。由由句句子子结构构可可知知，介介词to之后之后为宾语从句，而从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状从句中缺少地点状语。故用。故用where引引导。解析How do you think I should do？(2015四川四川)解解析析 HowWhat。考考查疑疑问词。本本句句第第二二个个动词do缺缺少少宾语，故故用用what。My uncle is the owner of a re2.定定语从句中关系从句中关系词的的误用用典题印证Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新新课标全国全国)解解析析 thatwhich。逗逗号号后后为非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句，that不不能能引引导非非限限制性定制性定语从句，从句，应改改为which。解析2.定语从句中关系词的误用典题印证Having tea in(三三)行文行文逻辑错误衔接接语句句过程程中中易易出出现语句句不不通通顺、逻辑混混乱乱的的错误以以及及误用用连词before，after，since等等。因因此此，要要依依据据语境境和和句句意意正正确确判判断断句句式式，如如果果是是并并列列句句，注注意意语境境下下的的转折折、并并列列、选择、递进、让步步等等关关系系，然后取其然后取其“义”而而连句成篇。句成篇。(三)行文逻辑错误Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全国全国)典题印证解解析析orand。考考查并并列列连词。fresh vegetables与与high quality oil为并并列成分，故用表示并列关系的列成分，故用表示并列关系的and来来连接。接。My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015陕西西)解解析析 afterwhen/while。考考查连词。根根据据句句意意“我我唯唯一一的的错误就就是是：当当我我打打包包的的时候候(饼干干)掉掉在在地地上上了了一一些些”可可知知，表表示示“当当的的时候候”，故用，故用连词when或或while。解析Every day he makes sure that 二、掌握改二、掌握改错技巧技巧短短文文改改错是是一一种种对基基础知知识与与综合合技技能能的的检测题。它它主主要要检测考考生生对词法、句法和法、句法和语篇中的行篇中的行为逻辑的把握。的把握。1.词法法主主要要涉涉及及名名词的的单复复数数，人人称称代代词的的性性、数数、格格，不不定定代代词和和连接接代代词的的用用法法，动词的的时态和和语态，情情态动词和和非非谓语动词的的用用法法，定定冠冠词不不定定冠冠词的的用用法法，并并列列连词和和从从属属连词的的看看法法，介介词的的搭搭配配，形形容容词和和副副词的的区区别及及其其比比较级和和最最高高级的的用用法法，词语的的固固定定搭搭配配和和习惯用法等用法等；二、掌握改错技巧2.句法句法各各类从从句句的的连接接，主主谓一一致致，省省略略与与替替代代，否否定定句句型型，强调句句型型，句句子子结构的构的连贯性、完整性等；性、完整性等；3.语篇篇短文短文时态的前后呼的前后呼应，代，代词的前后一致，的前后一致，逻辑的前后的前后顺应等。等。2.句法因此可以采用因此可以采用“五步法五步法”闯过错误关：关：1.通通读短文，把握文意短文，把握文意 快快速速阅读短短文文，了了解解短短文文大大意意，利利用用短短文文大大意意攻攻克克文文中中的的错误，切切忌忌拿到短文提笔就改。拿到短文提笔就改。2.句句词语法，逐句判断法，逐句判断错误是是按按句句设置置的的，但但并并非非每每句句都都有有错，必必须依依据据句句意意和和语法法分分析析，逐句逐句寻找找错误。3.先易后先易后难，逐，逐类排排查 先找出比先找出比较明明显的的错误，逐步，逐步缩小小错误的范的范围。因此可以采用“五步法”闯过错误关：4.行文行文逻辑，突破，突破难点点有有些些行行文文逻辑错误，从从词法法、句句法法的的角角度度看看是是正正确确的的，但但是是通通过上上下下文的文的逻辑分析就会分析就会发现是是错误的的。5.复复读短文，短文，检查答案答案注意行文注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理关系的正确合理。返回4.行文逻辑，突破难点返回跟踪训练跟踪训练.单句改句改错(每小每小题仅有有1处错误)1.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016全国全国)解析解析考考查名名词。由句意。由句意“他成功的关他成功的关键是是诚信信”可知，用名可知，用名词形式。形式。答案解析123456789101112131415honesty跟踪训练.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)解析考查名词。由2.We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全国全国)解析解析考考查动词。情。情态动词can后面跟后面跟动词原形，而原形，而chose为过去去时。答案解析choose1234567891011121314152.We can chose between staying3.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国全国)解解析析考考查名名词。此此处指指13到到19岁这一一年年龄段段的的青青少少年年，故故year用用复复数数形式。形式。答案解析years1234567891011121314153.The teenage year from 13 to 4.Mom has a full-time job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.(2016四川四川)解析解析考考查名名词的数。的数。housework为不可数名不可数名词，不能用复数形式。，不能用复数形式。答案解析housework1234567891011121314154.Mom has a full-time job，but5.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.(2015全国全国)解析解析考考查冠冠词。本句提到的。本句提到的乡下下为特指概念。故用定冠特指概念。故用定冠词the。答案解析the1234567891011121314155.Now I am living in a city，bu6.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全国全国)解解析析考考查介介词。玩玩具具是是摆放放在在商商店店的的橱橱窗窗里里面面的的，故故用用介介词in表表示示“在在内部内部”。答案解析in1234567891011121314156.Tony saw a toy on a shop win7.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江浙江)解析解析考考查动名名词。enjoy doing sth.意意为“喜喜欢做某事做某事”。答案解析sitting1234567891011121314157.I enjoyed sit close to the w8.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西西)解析解析考考查形容形容词最高最高级。根据。根据in the world这个范个范围可知用最高可知用最高级。答案解析best1234567891011121314158.My mum makes the better bisc9.In fact，I dont like to go anymore，so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.(2015四川四川)解解析析考考查连词。此此处意意为“我我不不想想再再继续下下去去了了，但但我我怕怕失失去去他他们的的友友谊”，根据句意可知此，根据句意可知此处为转折关系。折关系。答案解析but1234567891011121314159.In fact，I dont like to go a10.Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015四川四川)解解析析考考查动词。动词help为及及物物动词，其其后后接接宾语时无无需需加加介介词，故故删除除with。答案解析12345678910111213141510.Please help with me and giv11.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！(2014新新课标全国全国)解析解析考考查形容形容词。此。此处需用形容需用形容词作定作定语修修饰名名词tomatoes。答案解析wonderful12345678910111213141511.We are growing wonderfully 12.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014辽宁宁)解解析析考考查不不定定式式。Its difficult to do sth.意意为“做做某某事事是是困困难的的”，其其中中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。原形。答案解析understand12345678910111213141512.It is difficult to understa13.Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.(2014四川四川)解解析析考考查主主谓一一致致。主主语a fire alarm为单数数，所所以以谓语动词要要用用单数数形式。形式。答案解析goes12345678910111213141513.Today，I am going to talk ab14.Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr.Johnson.(2013辽宁宁)解析解析考考查动词固定搭配。固定搭配。pay a visit to意意为“访问”。答案解析 a12345678910111213141514.Yesterday afternoon，I paid 15.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013新新课标全全国国)解解析析考考查名名词。定定冠冠词the后后应跟跟名名词形形式式，grow为动词，其其名名词形形式式为growth。答案解析growth12345678910111213141515.This made for the grow in t.短文改短文改错 假假定定英英语课上上老老师要要求求同同桌桌之之间交交换修修改改作作文文，请你你修修改改你你同同桌桌写写的的以以下下作作文文。文文中中共共有有10处语言言错误，每每句句中中最最多多有有两两处。错误涉涉及及一一个个单词的增加、的增加、删除或修改。除或修改。增加：在缺增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出，并在其下面写出该加的加的词。删除：把多余的除：把多余的词用斜用斜线()划掉。划掉。修改：在修改：在错的的词下划一横下划一横线，并在，并在该词下面写出修改后的下面写出修改后的词。注意：注意：1.每每处错误及其修改及其修改仅限一限一词。2.只允只允许修改修改10处，多者，多者(从第从第11处起起)不不计分。分。.短文改错1Li Hua and I were neighbors and we went to same school.We always go to school together.We were good friend and had a great deal to share with every day.However，one day，Li Hua copied my homework，which made me such angry that I did not want to be friends with him any long.thefriendssolonger答案解析1.解析解析考考查冠冠词。the same.意意为“相同的相同的”为习惯搭配搭配。2.解析解析考考查名名词的数。主的数。主语为复数形式复数形式we，故，故“朋友朋友”用名用名词的复数形式的复数形式。3.解析解析考考查介介词。share仅表示表示“分享分享”，主，主语为复数形式，没有复数形式，没有宾语就不用介就不用介词with。4.解析解析考考查固定搭配。固定搭配。soadj./adv.that.意意为“如此如此以至于以至于”；而；而such后要跟名后要跟名词。此。此处angry为形容形容词，故将，故将such改改为so。5.解析解析考考查固定搭配。固定搭配。not.any longer意意为“不再不再”。1 friendssolonger答案解析1.解析考6.解析解析考考查动名名词。介。介词without后用后用v.-ing形式作形式作宾语。Then on Monday morning I ran downstairs without realize it was raining，but there was no time to return home to fetch an umbrella.It happens that Li Hua was just around the corner and he offered to share her umbrella with me.He made an apology to me in a gently voice.I forgave him but gave him a hug.happenedhisgentleand答案解析7.解解析析考考查动词时态。作作者者叙叙述述发生生过的的事事情情，整整篇篇文文章章均均为过去去的的情况，故用一般情况，故用一般过去去时。8.解解析析考考查代代词。作作者者叙叙述述与与朋朋友友李李华之之间发生生的的事事情情，根根据据上上下下文文提到的提到的he及及him可知，用代可知，用代词his。9.解析解析考考查形容形容词。此。此处应用形容用形容词作定作定语修修饰名名词voice。10.解解析析考考查连词。此此处指指“原原谅他他并并且且拥抱抱了了他他”，动词forgive与与give为并列并列动作，故用并列作，故用并列连词and。realizing6.解析考查动名词。介词without后用v.-ing形式2 After school，I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin.He looked extremely weak.Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy.So I decided to take him home.I gave him some food and a bath.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.What a lovely dog!lying答案解析withenergetic1.解析解析考考查介介词多余。多余。enter表示表示进入某个具体入某个具体处所所时，其后不需要加介，其后不需要加介词。2.解解析析考考查非非谓语动词。see.doing sth.意意为“看看到到正正在在做做某某事事”，故用故用现在分在分词作作宾语补足足语。3.解解析析考考查介介词。fill.with.意意为“用用充充满”，为固固定定搭搭配配，故故用介用介词with。4.解解析析 考考查形形容容词。此此处look是是系系动词，后后跟跟形形容容词作作表表语，故故用用energetic。2lying答案解析withenergetic1.解析 When my parents got home，I asked that I could keep the dog.To my surprised and joy，they agreed.Up to now，he has become member of our family and everyone had enjoyed his company.Looked at the cute and happy dog today，I realize that I was right to help him.I offered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.答案解析if/whethersurprise a5.解解析析考考查连词。根根据据语境境可可推推知知，作作者者当当时是是要要征征询父父母母的的意意见，表表示示“是否是否”，故用，故用if或或whether引引导宾语从句从句。6.解解析析考考查名名词。根根据据and joy和和my可可知知，此此处应用用名名词形形式式并并且且to ones surprise“令某人吃惊的是令某人吃惊的是”为固定固定结构。构。7.解析解析考考查冠冠词。a member of.表示表示“中的一中的一员”。hasLookingus8.解解析析考考查时态和和主主谓一一致致。根根据据and前前的的has become可可知知，此此处应用用现在完成在完成时，且，且谓语动词应与主与主语everyone保持数的一致性，故用保持数的一致性，故用has。9.解解析析考考查非非谓语动词。分分析析句句子子结构构可可知知，look和和句句子子主主语I构构成成逻辑上的主上的主谓关系，故此关系，故此处用用现在分在分词作伴随状作伴随状语。10.解解析析考考查代代词。此此处为固固定定搭搭配配bring sb.sth.，主主语与与宾语指指代代的的人人称称不一致，故不用反身代不一致，故不用反身代词，应用代用代词的的宾格形式格形式us。When my parents got home1.解解析析考考查名名词性性从从句句。这是是一一个个主主语从从句句，在在从从句句中中缺缺主主语，根根据据句意句意应用用连接代接代词what。2.解解析析考考查副副词。表表示示“在在之之前前”的的时候候，如如果果句句子子用用的的是是一一般般过去去时，要用，要用ago；但若句子用的是完成；但若句子用的是完成时，就要用，就要用before。3 Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now，and that had seemed very strange ago now appears quite normal.“Ive just got one more thing achieve.I have been very occupied to work that I havent had time for social activities.I think its important to have a balance in study and a social life，so Im going to join in a few clubs.3.解解析析考考查不不定定式式。在在本本句句中中，由由于于有有谓语动词have got，故故此此处要要用非用非谓语动词形式。根据句意，要用不定式表目的。形式。根据句意，要用不定式表目的。答案解析whatbeforetosowithbetween4.解解析析考考查固固定定句句式式。so.that.为固固定定句句型型，意意为“如如此此以以至至于于”。5.解析解析考考查介介词。be occupied with为固定搭配，意固定搭配，意为“专注于注于”。6.解解析析考考查介介词。have a balance between.and.为固固定定搭搭配配，意意为“在在和和之之间获得平衡得平衡”。7.解解析析考考查固固定定短短语。join意意为“加加入入”，后后跟跟“组织”；join in意意为“参加参加”，后跟，后跟“活活动”。根据句意，要把。根据句意，要把in删除。除。1.解析考查名词性从句。这是一个主语从句，在从句中缺主语，Hopeful，Ill make some new friends.”We will follow Xie Leis progresses in later editions of this newspaper but for now，we wish Xie Lei all the best in his new enterprise.She deserves to succeed.答案解析Hopefullyprogressher8.解解析析考考查副副词。在在句句首首，要要用用副副词作作状状语，修修饰整整个个句句子子，故故用用Hopefully。9.解析解析考考查名名词。progress是不可数名是不可数名词。10.解析解析考考查代代词。根据上文可知，。根据上文可知，Xie Lei为女性，故把女性，故把his改改为her。Hopeful，Ill make some new fri4 Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，by which teamwork is the most important for me.In fact，I didnt realize it importance until I was chosen the monitor of my class in my senior middle school.At first，I did most of the duties myself when other students cared little about class activities.答案解析ofitswhile1.解析解析考考查介介词。先行。先行词a lot of things与介与介词构成所属关系，故用介构成所属关系，故用介词of。2.解解析析考考查代代词。根根据据上上文文内内容容可可知知，此此处代代词代代替替上上文文的的teamwork，作定，作定语修修饰importance，故用形容，故用形容词性物主代性物主代词its。3.解析解析考考查冠冠词。monitor为职位，位，应用零冠用零冠词修修饰。4.解解析析 考考查连词。根根据据语境境“在在同同时”表表示示对比比，故故用用连词while。4答案解析ofitswhile1.解析考查介词。先行词As a result，I was tired out and depressing.Then I turned to my teacher but he advised me cooperate with others.Thus I begin to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.It is working in teams instead of by my own which has freed me of trouble and made me work more efficiently.答案解析depressedandI(或或me后加后加to)began5.解析解析考考查形容形容词。depressed意意为“感到失望的感到失望的”，主，主语为人人。6.解析解析考考查连词。此。此处作者作者发出的是两个并列出的是两个并列动作，故用作，故用and连接。接。7.解解析析考考查不不定定式式或或从从句句。此此处可可以以用用advise sb.to do sth.句句式式或或advise后跟从句形式，后跟从句形式，这样给出的答案可以在出的答案可以在me后加后加to或或me改改为I。8.解析解析考考查动词时态。根据上下文叙述的。根据上下文叙述的语境可知此境可知此处用一般用一般过去去时。9.解解析析考考查介介词。on my own 意意为“靠靠自自己己，独独自自一一人人”，为固固定定搭搭配，故把配，故把by改改为on。10.解解析析考考查强调句句型型。根根据据强调句句型型的的用用法法，此此处为It is.that.，被被强调部分部分为状状语成分，故把成分，故把which改改为that。onthat返回As a result，I was tired out an