初中英语语法——主谓一致ppt课件

初中英语语法主谓一致讲解人：韩旭初中英语语法主谓一致讲解人：韩旭1一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则一、语法一致原则2一、语法一致原则（1）主语为单数时，谓语用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.一、语法一致原则（1）主语为单数时，谓语用单数；主语为复数3（2）动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语，分指两个或两个以上动作时，谓语动词用复数形式。To see _（is/are）to believe.Doing eye exercises _（is/are）good for your eyes.Lying and stealing （is/are）immoral.（2）动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。若4（3）由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Both he and I are right.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。a/the+单数名词单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或单数名词，指的是同一个人或物物；a/the+单数名词单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个单数名词，指两个人或物。人或物。The writer and teacher _（is/are）coming.The writer and the teacher _（is/are）coming.A knife and fork _（is/are）on the table.（3）由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复5（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。In our country every boy and every girl （has/have）the right to receive education.Each man and each woman （is/are）asked to help.（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,e6（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher with his students (is/are)going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys (is/are)late for class.（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but,except,7（6）each,either,neither,another,the other，some,any,no,every作主语或构成的复合代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them (has/have)an English dictionary.Neither answer is correct.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.（6）each,either,neither,8（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Where my shoes?Your trousers dirty.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。Here (is/are)some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks (is/are)on the bed.（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoe9（8）不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Something (is/are)wrong with the bike.Nobody （was/were）in.(Is/Are)everyone here today?（8）不定代词somebody,someone,some10二、意义一致的原则（1）指主语形式上为单数形式上为单数，但意义为复数意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.二、意义一致的原则（1）指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，11（2）表时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等复数名词作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。Two months _（is/are）a long holiday.Twenty pounds _（is/are）not so heavy.Ten miles _（is/are）not a long distance.Five minus four _（is/are）one.（2）表时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等复数名词作主12（3）family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。His family _（is/are）not large.My family all _（like/likes）watching TV.（3）family,class,group,te13（4）people、police、cattle、youth等没有复数标记但用作复数的集体名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。People here （is/are）very friendly.The youth （is/are）having a meeting.（4）people、police、cattle、youth等14（5）当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like，rather than,including,等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father _（has/have）been to England.Mike,like his brother,_（enjoy/enjoys）playing football.The students as well as the teacher _（was/were）present at the meeting（5）当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，togethe15（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。All of the work been finished.All of the people have gone.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student _（has/have）ever been to Beijing.（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,16（7）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?（7）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表17（8）“分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+名词名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth .sea.（8）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语18（9）half,the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。I have read a large part of the book,the rest (is/are)more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest （is/are）off sick.（9）half,the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语19（10）由what 引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。What she said （is/are）correct.What she left me （is/are）a few old books.（10）由what 引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单20（11）以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,mathematics,physics politics等 No news （is/are）good news.Mathematics (is/are)very popular in our class.（11）以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单21（12）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor (is/are)very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful (live)forever.（12）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示22三、就近一致的原则 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk.三、就近一致的原则 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决23（1）由连词or,eitheror,neither nor,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I （am/is/are）right.Neither the children nor the teacher （know）anything about it.（1）由连词or,eitheror,neither24（2）在“There be”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There （is/are）two apples and one egg in it.There _（is/are）a book and three pens on the desk.Here _（is/are）some books and paper for you.（2）在“There be”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一25.由or,eitheror，neithernor not onlybut also，notbut连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I （am/is/are）going.Neither you,nor I,nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he （is/are）ready to leave.由or,eitheror，neither261.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand2.Either of you _ going there tonight.A.will B.was C.is D.are 3.You as well _ right.A.I are B.I am C.as I am D.as I are 4.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.are B.is C.were D.was 5.-Shall I wait here for three hours?-Yes.Three hours _,_ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too long for you 1.Between the two roads _276.Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting.A.have not discussed B.have not been discussed C.has not discussed D.has not been discussed 7.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is B.they are C.this D.which are 8.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting 9.Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob,and the rest of the bread _ left on the table.A.was eaten/were B.were eaten/was C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 10.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hers C.are hers D.are her6.Where to get the materials a28Thanks for your listening Thanks for your listening 29