专题八-动词及动词短语课件

析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引析命题考易析命题考易课标要求1.动词基本形式2.系动词3.及物动词和不及物动词4.助动词 5.情态动词 6.动词短语命题点年份题型选项话题归类动词词义辨析2018单项选择23.post,lend,teach叙事类完形填空36.keeps,stops,enjoys41.choose,help,forget叙事类2017完形填空44.need,miss,love旅游类2016单项选择18.thank,remind,teach叙事类完形填空33.change,waste,save38.mentioned,stopped,encouraged39.refuse,notice,influence叙事类2015完形填空34.led,encouraged,invited40.hide,save,express45.keep,choose,understand叙事类2014单项选择18.made,kept,become旅游类完形填空32.offer,pass,send哲理类40.tell,show,ask44.hate,love,fear析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引析命题考易动词词组词义辨析2018单项选择29.take pride in,take care of,take an in-terest in叙事类完形填空44.give away,depend on,think about叙事类2017单项选择28.hurry up,look around,run away叙事类完形填空45.dream about,hear about,know about旅游类2016单项选择23.give up,go on,take up叙事类2015单项选择26.deal with,worry about,look after哲理类完形填空32.thinking up,giving up,looking up叙事类2014单项选择26.give up,stay up,cheer up哲理类完形填空39.be made of,be covered by,be filled with41e to,belong to,refer to叙事类情态动词2016单项选择20.may,should,would哲理类2015单项选择19.can,would,need哲理类析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引析命题考易非谓语动词2018词汇运用77.to find叙事类2017词汇运用77.to influence叙事类2015词汇运用76.to show叙事类2014词汇运用80.to support叙事类命题规律总结分析山西近5年中考真题可以发现,动词或动词词组是山西中考的必考点。主要在单项选择和完形填空中进行词义辨析考查。考查总分值是5或6分。动词词组的选项设置主要有两种形式:不同动词+同一介词/副词(2014,2015,2016,2017),如up短语,about短语,to短语。同一动词+不同名词(2018)。情态动词只在2015和2016年出现在单项选择中,各1分。非谓语动词在词汇运用题型中五年四考,考查内容全部为动词不定式。因此,我们可以预测在2019年的中考试题中,动词和动词词组会继续考查具体语境中的词义辨析,考查分值保持稳定。非谓语动词中动词不定式作宾语,宾语补足语或目的状语考查概率较大。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易思维导图思维导图诠考点学易析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易考点清单考点清单命题点1动词的分类(一)实义动词不及物动词(vi.)本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。后面若要跟宾语,必须加上介词。(参考命题点2)有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。(参考满分必记)及物动词(vt.)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。后面可以直接跟宾语。静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A.表示存在、从属意义的动词be(“是”);have(“有”);own;exist;live;belong toB.与五官感觉有关的动词sound;look;feel;taste;smell;see;hear;watch;notice;find;catchC.表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe;consider;expect;suppose;feel;think;find;forget;hate;hope;imagine;know;like;love;mind;realize;re-gret;suppose;understand;want;wishD.接度量衡名词的动词(+数词+单位)(这些动词的主语通常是物)weigh;cost;cover;last;take;stand;measure;number;total;carry;contain析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易动态动词动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A.延续性动词:表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响eat;listen;read;run;walk;work;writeB.终止性动词:表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成的arrive;begin;break;bring;buy;catch;close;come;die;discover;fall;leave;open;put on;take off;sell;start;stop;return;go;jumpC.表示状态改变或位置转移的动词arrive;change;come;die;go;land(着陆);leave使役动词A.表示“使、令、让、叫”的动词。如:make;have;let;get;keep参考【知识拓展1】B.表示“使人,令人”的心理状态的动词。如:interest;excite;move;surprise.(+sb.)析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易(二)系动词系动词本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,必须与表语(名词,形容词)一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。状态beHe is a teacher.他是一名教师。表象look/seemHe looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。感官feel/smell/sound/taste/lookThis kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。持续keep/remain/continue/last/lie/stand/stayHe always kept quiet at the meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。变化become/grow/turn/go/get/fall/come/runHe became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.树叶在秋天变黄。终止prove/turn outThe search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易(三)助动词助动词本身没有意义,只是帮助实义动词或系动词构成谓语。常见的助动词有have,do等。(四)情态动词(1)情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,因此不能单独作谓语,只能和其他的动词原形一起构成谓语。(2)情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。(3)情态动词不随人称变化而变。(4)含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词+not”构成的。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易1.(2018山西)If a student is able to C somebody else what hes learnt from text-books,it shows hes understood it well.A.postB.lendC.teach2.(2018山西适应性)At the 2018 Winter Olympics,Wu Dajing not only won a gold medal for China,but also C a new world record.A.keptB.knewC.created析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018山西太原一模)Reading is the key to the unknown world.I agree with you.Whenever I open a book,I B a colorful world.A.inventB.enterC.change4.(2018山西太原二模)The government in Taiyuan is rebuilding Binhe Sports Center to B the National Youth Games in 2019.A.warnB.supportC.prevent5.(2018山西百校联考一)In English culture,some sayings about the dog A posi-tive thoughts,like You are a lucky dog.A.expressB.receiveC.change析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易6.(2018山西百校联考二)It is important to follow the teachers in P.E.class.I agree.When playing sports,we should keep safe and B hurting ourselves.A.keepB.avoidC.forget析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易about 短语out 短语know about了解bring out使显现;使表现出dream about梦想break out爆发hear about听说carry out执行worry about担心check out观察;查看talk about谈论clear out清理care about在意come out出版;出来up短语cut out删除命题点2动词和动词词组词义辨析1.不同动词+同一介词/副词析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易give up放弃eat out外出吃饭stay up熬夜find out查明;弄清take up开始做get out泄露cheer up振奋give out分发cut up切碎go out外出clean up清扫hand out分发call up打电话hang out闲逛end up最终成为point out指出析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易fix up修理put out熄灭grow up长大run out of用光get up起床sell out卖光hurry up赶快set out出发look up查阅;抬头take out取出make up编造;化妆try out试用;参加put up举起turn out结果是pick up捡起work out解决show up露面on短语set up建立come on快点儿turn up调高depend on依靠wake up醒来go on继续of短语live on以为食think of想起pass on传递dream of梦想put on增加hear of听说turn on打开析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易to短语work on从事于 belong to属于with短语according to根据fill with充满close to接近agree with同意lead to导致come up with想出lend to借给compare.with比较listen to听connect.with连接;联系prefer.to.更喜欢deal with处理;应对pay attention to留心go on with继续stick to坚持get on with和睦相处shout to对大喊keep up with跟上,追上talk to和交谈put up with容忍help oneself to自便keep in touch with与保持联系hold on to继续;坚持away短语off短语run away逃跑break off中断give away赠送析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易clean off清除;擦掉put away放好;储存cut off切除stay away外出get off下车take away拿走give off发出(光,热等)throw away扔掉go off(闹钟)响walk away走开keep off远离down短语put off推迟calm down冷静run off逃跑cut down砍倒take off脱下;起飞fall down跌倒turn off关闭let.down使失望for短语lie down躺下ask for请求pull down拆下care for照顾take down拆除;记录look for寻找turn down拒绝prepare for为做准备write down写下来pay for支付break down停止运转析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易2.同一动词+不同介词/副词take 短语look短语take pride in为骄傲look around环顾take an interest in对感兴趣look after照顾take care of照顾look at看take after像look for寻找take away带走look into观察;查看take down记录;拆除look through快速浏览take in吸入look over检查take off脱下;起飞look up查阅;抬头take up开始做look up to钦佩析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易take place发生look forward to盼望take part in参加give短语put短语give in屈服,让步put away把收起来give off发出put off推迟give up放弃put on穿上;增加give out分发put out熄灭give away赠送put up搭起give sb.a lift捎某人析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易3.同一动词+不同名词make 短语take短语make a decision做决定take a break休息make a suggestion提建议take notes记笔记make a promise承诺take risks冒险make a mistake犯错take a message传话make a plan做计划take a rest休息make a face做鬼脸take a trip去旅行make a difference有影响;起作用take a photo拍照make a noise发出噪音take a shower洗澡make a living谋生take a walk散步析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易have短语take ones order点菜have a date约会take ones place代替have a look看一看take ones temperature量体温have a try试一试 have a break/rest休息 析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易1.(2018山西适应性练习)Whatever you do,your attitude C the final result.So try to keep a positive mind all the time.A.shows an interest inB.takes an active part inC.makes a big difference to2.(2018山西太原二模)The movie Forever Young is popular with old people be-cause it makes them B their past life at school.A.listen toB.think ofC.help with析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018山西百校联考一)How do you B your clothes which are smaller for you?I will wash them and give them away to the kids in poor areas.A.depend onB.deal withC.care about4.(2018山西百校联考二)No matter what decision I made,I would talk with my parents first.So its the secret that you A them.A.get along well with B.talk back toC.take care of析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易5.(2018山西百校联考二)The story of Hua Mulan is well-known in China.The brave girl B like a boy to take her fathers place in the army.A.made upB.dressed upC.cheered up析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易情态动词含义用法拓展cancould1.表具备某种能力can表现在能力;could表示过去的能力2.表请求和允许请求用could 语气委婉允许不用 could3.表“可能性”can用于否定和疑问句(could不限)can(be)表示“有时候会”(常与sometimes,at times 连用)maymight1.表请求和允许请求用might语气更委婉允许时用may,表示“可以”(表示允许时不用might)2.表可能性:“也许”常用于肯定句(might可能性最小)3.表祝愿固定句型为“May+主语+v.原形”。如:May you succeed!must1.表“必须”must多表主观、现在/将来义务have to多表客观、过去义务mustnt表“禁止”;否定用neednt/dont have to2.表推测:“肯定是、准是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could命题点3情态动词析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易willwould1.表意愿,决心等would此时为will过去式,无意义差别2.表经常性、习惯性、倾向性would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。)3.表功能、性质叙述真理。如:The tree will leave without water for 3 months.4.表估计:“想必,大概”(只时态区别)表示对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在;will表示现在/将来)5.表“请求/要求”(Will you.?)用于疑问句,常与you连用。Will you give me a piece of paper?shall/shall not1.表征求意见(“好不好”)用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside?2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做用于第二、第三人称Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving.3.表规章、法令、预言:“必须”用于所有人称Every competitor shall wear a number.析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易should1.表示道义上的责任、义务或要求有时表示劝告:You should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.2.表示推测和可能性,是“(按理说)应该”之意肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强This pen should be yours.3.表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气常用于第一人称:You are mistaken,I should say.析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易 初中常见使役动词的用法与搭配makemake sb.do sth.使/让/逼某人做某事;(被动形式)sb.be made to domake sth.done使/让某事得以make sb.+adj.使某人处于的状态make sb.sth.使/让某人成为make oneself done使某人的为他人所(make oneself heard/understood)havehave sb.do sth.使/让/请某人做某事 have sb.doing 使/让某人一直做某事have sth.done请/让某人做某事;招致或遭遇到(不好的事情)have sb.+adj.使/让/某人处于的状态letlet sb.do sth.让/允许某人做某事let sb.+介词短语 让某人处于的状态keepkeep sb.doing sth.使/让某人一直做某事keep sb./sth.+介词短语 让某人或某物处于的状态getget sb.to do sth.请/让某人做某事Would you please get them to bring down the price?get sth.done 请/让某人做某事Ill get my hair cut.get sb.doing 请/让某人一直做某事The joke got us laughing.析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易1.(2018山西太原二模)The lyrics of the song You Raise Me Up are so beautiful that Im sure whoever listens to it C fall in love with it.A.needB.cantC.must 2.(2018山西百校联考一)The new movie Forever Young was first shown on January 12th.It C be worth watching.The tickets sell out every day.A.cantB.mightC.must析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018四川成都)Wow.another gift!Whats in the box?Im not sure.It B be a pair of sports shoes.A.mustB.mayC.will析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易功能用法例句宾语A.后直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有want,decide,try,fail,wish,expect,prefer,promise,learn,remember,refuse等I want to go there at once.我想马上去那里。B.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+to do sth.”I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.我认为将此事报告给老师很有必要。I find it interesting to work with him.我发现和他一起工作很有趣。C.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语I havent decided when to start.我还没决定什么时候开始。命题点4非谓语动词纵观历年考题,非谓语动词按照课程标准只需要掌握非谓语动词作宾语、宾语补足语以及状语的情况。而且每年都会考查。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易宾语补足语后面能接带有to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,help,tell,teach,encourage等He teaches me to play basketball on Sundays.周日他教我打篮球。在感官动词(see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe等)和使役动词(let,have,make)后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带to1.I saw him play in the park.我看到他在公园玩儿。He was seen to play in the park.2.The boss made those men work day and night.老板让那些人日夜不停地工作。Those men were made to work day and night.目的状语不定式作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as toWe must work hard to get good grades.我们必须努力学习取得好成绩。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易近五年山西省中考没有考查动名词。课程标准对动名词并没做要求。因此此处仅列出动名词的相关搭配。只能跟动名词的动词或动词短语consider doing sth.考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事insist on doing sth.坚持做某事put off doing sth.推迟做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事have trouble/difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的词1.remember to do sth.记住要做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)Remember to close the door,please.请记着关门。I remember closing the door.我记得关了门了。2.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。3.regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)I regret to tell you that you cant pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。I regret disturbing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。4.try to do sth.努力做某事析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易try doing sth.尝试做某事He tried to get the apple above the shelf,but failed to reach it.After a while,Brown came in and tried showing his ability.他努力去够架子上的苹果,但是没能够到。过了一会儿,布朗进来尝试表现他的能力。5.mean to do sth.计划做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。6.cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事I cant help to do such stupid thing.我不能帮着做这样愚蠢的事。The movie is so funny.I cant help laughing!这部电影如此搞笑。我情不自禁地笑了。7.go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易He went on doing his homework in his room after supper.晚饭后他继续在自己的房间里做家庭作业。After finishing his homework,he went on to read the text.写完家庭作业后,他又继续读课文。8.stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情The two girls stopped talking when they saw me.那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me.这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。析命题考易 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易(2018天津)Harry invited me D with him when his parents were out of town.A.stayB.stayedC.stayingD.to stay