定语从句难点考点总结ppt课件

TheattributiveclauseTheattributiveclause1这是我的杯子这是我的杯子这是装满茶的杯子。这是装满茶的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。Tips:当你用一个当你用一个词词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用就用短语短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用如果短语还不能满足，就用从句从句。Thisismycup.Thisisthecupfulloftea.ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.这是我的杯子Tips:当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思2修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后被被定语从句定语从句修饰修饰的的词词叫先行词叫先行词引导引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句的三个概念定语从句的三个概念修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行3关关系系词词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that,which,who,whom,whose,asWhen,where,why关关系代词关系副词that,which,who,Wh4引导引导定语从句定语从句代替代替先行词先行词在定语在定语从句中从句中担当一个成分担当一个成分Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazinewhich/thatyouaskedfor.关系词的三个功能关系词的三个功能引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分The5Step1判定判定主从句主从句部分部分Step2判定判定先行词先行词Step3把从句把从句还原还原，看先行词看先行词在从句中充当何成分在从句中充当何成分。选择关系词的三个步骤选择关系词的三个步骤选择关系词的三个步骤61.Thenumberofpeople_cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.2.Whereistheman_Isawthismorning?3.Thebook_youintroducedtomethismorningisverykind.5.Doyouwanttoborrowthebook_coverisblue?cometovisitthiscityeachyearIsawthismorningyouintroducedtomethismorningwho/thatwho/whomwhich/that/略略whose4.Ivisitedascientist_nameisknownalloverthecountry.nameisknownalloverthecountry.whosecoverisblue1.Thenumberofpeople_7关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词人人/物物主、宾主、宾物物主、宾主、宾人人主、宾主、宾人人宾宾人人/物物定定关系关系副词副词时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用人/物主、宾物主、宾人主、宾8思考一：思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？关系代词和关系副词如何选择？1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _,_,即把先行词还原即把先行词还原 到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结结论：论：他们在从句中作什么成份他们在从句中作什么成份思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？1.Thereason97.(1)He still lives in the room _window faces to the south.(2)He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city.whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together.(2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.whenthat 9.(1)The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill.(2)The reason _he explained is not true.whythat7.(1)Hestilllivesinthero10(1)Theschool_heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschool_heoncestudiedisveryfamous.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_youasked.(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalked.that/whichinwhichthat/whichforwhichwhom/that/whoaboutwhom思考二：思考二：介词介词+关系代词中关系代词中,介词如何介词如何选择选择?(1)Theschool_he11关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定1.1.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_whichImnotsure.根据根据从句从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配中动词或形容词的习惯搭配2.1949wastheyear_whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.3.根据根据先行词先行词与介词的搭配习惯与介词的搭配习惯2.Isthatthenewspaper_whichyouoftenwritearticles?根据根据从句从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系中动词与先行词的逻辑关系foraboutinthenewspaperhowtousethesetheyearidioms关系代词前介词(介词which)的确定foraboutin121.Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar_whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar_whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.6.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown.7.Thisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken./foroninwithoutbyataboutof=thewindowofwhich=whosewindow1.Thisisthecar_whichIbo1311.Helovedhisparentsdeeply,_whomareverykindtohim.(父母俩都父母俩都)12.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,_whichhavegonebad.13.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,_whomarefrombigcities.bothofsomeof（其中有些（其中有些）mostof(他们中的大部分他们中的大部分)启示：启示：1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用_不可用不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用；关系代词指物时只可用_,不可用不可用that.关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用_。2.当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，on/in/at/forwhich=_when/where/whywhomwhichwhose11.Helovedhisparentsdeepl14思考三：思考三：as/whichas/which有何特殊性有何特殊性?1.Thisisthesamepen_Iboughtyesterday。2.2.Heisthesameperson_gavemehelpyesterday.3.3.Iwanttohavesuchadictionary_hehas.4.4.ThiswassointerestingabookasIcantputdown.5.5.ThiswassointerestingabookthatIcouldntput6.itdown.asas1.先行词被先行词被_修饰了的时候用修饰了的时候用as但但thesameasthesamethat有区别有区别总结：总结：thesame,such,sothat1.Thisisthesamepen_Iboughtyesterday。2.2.Heisthesameperson_gavemehelpyesterday.3.Iwanttohavesuchadictionary_hehas.4.思考三：as/which有何特殊性?Thisisthe153._weexpect,wewonthegame.4._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.2.as引导的定语从句可放在引导的定语从句可放在_3.as译为译为_。4.as用于固定用法中用于固定用法中AsAs句首，句中，句末句首，句中，句末正如，好像正如，好像3._weexpect,wewonthe165.Hemarriedher,_wasnatural.as/which6.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,_madehisteacherveryangry.7.Tomsuddenlyfellill,_madeussad.whichwhich1.which 1.which 引导的定语从句只能放在引导的定语从句只能放在_2.2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which.which.因果关系因果关系结论：结论：句末句末5.Hemarriedher,_wa172.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,but onhisnosethereisapairofgoldenglasses.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofgoldenglasses.结论：结论：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom2.定语从句和并列句结论：whichwhom183.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it.This is such a big stone _no one can lift.(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.Please put the letter_he can easily find it.结论：结论：定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分thatasin whichwhere(=where)3.定语从句和状语从句结论：thatasinwhichwh197.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1)It is in this room _I lived last year.It is the room _I lived last year.(2)It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.(3)It was in Beihai Park where they met for the first timethattheoldcoupletoldustheirlovestory结论：结论：强调句句型：强调句句型：It is/was+It is/was+被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who+that/who+其它其它部分去掉部分去掉 It is/was.that/who,It is/was.that/who,句子照样成立。而句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwhere/in whichthatwhen7.定语从句和强调句结论：thatwhere/inwhi20难点五：分割定语从句难点五：分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace？先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后之后manythousandsofstarsoneafternoonAnewmaster难点五：分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。21难点四：难点四：定定语从句和其它句型的转换语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are shown on TV in China.There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV in China.(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。从句是被动形式，用过去分词。shownwaiting难点四：定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：221.定语从句只能用定语从句只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况。只能用只能用which不能用不能用that的情况（见步步高的情况（见步步高P134）2.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_决定。决定。3.theway作先行词的引导词作先行词的引导词_4.先行词是先行词是situation,point,case时，关系词多用时，关系词多用_其它常见问题：先行词先行词thatinwhich省略省略where1.定语从句只能用that不用which的情况。其它常见问23根据下列句子，完成短文。根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥运年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，2008年北京将举24 As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,plays an important part in mmunicating with foreigners.We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contribution to the Olympic Games.Asisknowntoal25Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,_shecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.fromwhereChinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.fromwhereTomhidhimselfbehindthedoor,_hecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.fromwherethetopofthehillSheclimbeduptothetopoft268.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.(2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中同位语从句，在从句中_，并且，并且引导的句子是引导的句子是_，在从句中，在从句中 (可可/不可不可)省去，也不可用省去，也不可用which which 替代。替代。That/which That/which 引引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可可/不可不可)省省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which/略略thatthat/which不充当任成份不充当任成份说明前一名词的内容说明前一名词的内容不可不可可以可以8.定语从句和同位语从句that引导同位语从句，在从句中274.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句(1)He did all(that)he could to help me.(2)(2)All that can be done has been done.(3)_is known to us all,the earth turns round the sun.It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China.(4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主句中担当成分4.定语从句和名词性从句AsthatWhat(=what)(28你自己可以学会的几个问题你自己可以学会的几个问题:关系词的省略关系词的省略.that 与与which的区别的区别 AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主句中担当成分你自己可以学会的几个问题:AsthatWhat(=what)29As与which引导的定语从句.特殊的where与whose.As与which引导的定语从句.30