F S Fitzgerald

Jazz Age:F.S.Fitzgerald(1918-1929)Jazz AgeCoined by Fitzgerald in Tales of the Jazz Age 1918-1929theendofWorldWarIandthestartoftheRoaringTwentiestheriseoftheGreatDepressionThepassageof19thAmendmentin1920givingwomentherighttovote.Prohibitionoftheproduction,sale,andconsumptionofalcoholicbeverages,1920-33.JazzmusicandflappersDissatisfiedanddisappointedinlife,indulginginsocialexcitement,moralstandardscollapsingCultural Context:1920sn WorldWarInTheRoaringTwentiesnTheJazzAgenTheNewWomannProhibitionnGamblingnTheAutomobile World War Inthelostgeneration.nmaketheworldsafefordemocracynthewartoendallwarsnSoldiersgotinvolvedinthewar:dontwanttosacrifice,selfcentered,donttrustscience,government,humanity,begintoquestionGodThe Roaring TwentiesnWhilethesenseoflosswasreadilyapparentamongexpatriateAmericanartistswhoremainedinEuropeafterthewar,backhomethedisillusionmenttookalessobviousform.nAmericaseemedtothrowitselfheadlongintoadecadeofmadcapbehaviorandmaterialism,adecadethathascometobecalledtheRoaringTwenties.Daisy the main character from The Great Gatsby,exemplified the traits of a flapper woman from the“roaring twenties”Jazz Age.Cover illustration,Life magazine,February 18,1926,showing a well dressed old man dancing with a flapper Source:Library of Congress American MemoryThe Jazz AgenThemusiccalledjazz,promotedbysuchrecentinventionsasthephonographandtheradio,sweptupfromNewOrleanstocapturethenationalimagination.nImprovisedandwild,jazzbroketherulesofmusic,justastheJazzAgethumbeditsnoseattherulesofthepast.Coined by Fitzgerald in Tales of the Jazz AgeLouie Armstrong was one of the most famous musicians of the Jazz Age.Portrait of Louis Armstrong,Aquarium New York:1946Source:Library of Congress American MemoryLouie Armstrong was one of the most famous musicians of the Jazz Age.Portrait of Louis Armstrong,Aquarium New York:1946Source:Library of Congress American MemoryProhibitionnThe18thAmendmenttotheConstitution,orProhibition,whichbannedthepublicsaleofalcoholicbeveragesfrom1919untilitsappealin1933.nSpeak-easies,nightclubs,andtavernsthatsoldliquorwereoftenraided,andgangstersmadeillegalfortunesasbootleggers,smugglingalcoholintoAmericafromabroadProhibition was a key component of the Jazz Age.Prohibition BustSource:Library of Congress American MemoryGambling nAnotherganglandactivitywasillegalgambling.nPerhapstheworstscandalinvolvinggamblingwastheso-calledBlackSoxScandalof1919,inwhicheightmembersoftheChicagoWhiteSoxwereindictedforacceptingbribestothrowbaseballsWorldSeries.The AutomobilenThemostconspicuousstatussymbolofthetimewasaflashynewautomobile.nAdvertisingwasbecomingthemajorindustry,andsoonadvertiserstookadvantageofnewroadwaysbysettinguphugebillboardsattheirsides.nBoththeautomobileandabizarrebillboardplayimportantrolesinThe Great Gatsby.The New WomannAmongtherulesbrokenweretheage-oldconventionsguidingthebehaviorofwomen.Thenewwomandemandedtherighttovoteandtoworkoutsidethehome.nSymbolically,shecutherhairintoaboyish“bob”andbaredhercalvesintheshortskirtsofthefashionabletwenties“flapper.”WomensfashionsandhairstylesweredaringandrevealingduringtheJazzAge.Womenbegantoexpressthemselves.Thiswastheearlystagesofthefeministmovement.Images Source:Microsoft Office ClipartF.Scott FitzgeraldThemirroroftheexcitingageinalmosteveryway.Zelda in 1924Dominant influences on FSFvAspiration;vLiterature;vPrinceton University;vZelda Sayre Fitzgerald;vAlcoholLife Experiencesn24 September 1896 Birth of Francis Scott KeyFitzgeraldinSt.Paul,Minnesota.nOctober 1909 Publication of“The Mystery of theRaymondMortgage”,FSFsfirstappearanceinprint.nSeptember 1913FSFentersPrincetonUniversitywithClassof1917nFebruary 1919 FSF discharged from army.PlanningtomarryZeldaSayre.n26 March 1920PublicationofThis Side of Paradise.n3 April 1920MarriageofFSFandZeldaSayre.n10 April 1925PublicationofThe Great Gatsby.n21 December 1940FSFdiesofheartattack.Major WorksoThis Side of Paradise(1920)oFlappers and Philosophers(1920)oThe Beautiful and Damned(1920)oTales of the Jazz Age(1922)oThe Great Gatsby(1925)oTender Is the Night(1934)oThe Last Tycoon(1941)Subjectsnthemoodandmannersofhistimenwithhisownlife,hisloveandpainnWithromanticpartiesIntensesentimentnlove,hate,loyalty,anddisloyaltytemperamentandstyleofPoet and DreamersnexquisiteobservationFascinatingbeautyinordinarysituationsnAdoublevisionoftheJazzAge,bothaninsider and an outsiderAmericanDreamnaparticularinterestintheupper-class society.spokesmanofthe Jazz Age,Dollar Decade,1920s The Great Gatsby(1925)Different Editions“Letlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumnleaves.”NickMrs.WilsonMr.WilsonTomJordanDaisyGatsbyonethreefivefourtwoI.Plot summaryII.American DreamnTheAmerican DreamcanbedescribedasabeliefinsomesortoffreedomthatallowsallcitizensandresidentsoftheUnitedStatesofAmericatoachievetheirgoalsinlifethroughhardwork.nIthasalwaysbeenafragileagglomerationof(1)individualfreedomofchoiceinlifestyles,(2)equalaccesstoeconomicabundance,and(3)thepursuitofsharedobjectivesmutuallyadvantageoustotheindividualandsociety.American Dream:Various aspectsnEarly immigration:The“land of opportunity”nindividual freedomnself-reliancenequality of opportunityncompetitionnmaterial wealthnhard worknAbsent morality,virtue,and substance,the American Dream becomes about materialism.III.Symbols of The Recurring ImagesnColorsnEyesorVisionnWastelandnSunlight/ShadowsnDeathnTimeThe Valley of Ashes nItrepresentsthemoralandsocialdecaythatresultsfromtheuninhibitedpursuitofwealth.nItalsosymbolizestheplightofthepoorThe Eyes of Doctor T.J.Eckleburg napairoffading,bespectacledeyespaintedonanoldadvertisingbillboardoverthevalleyofashes.nTheymayrepresentGodstaringdownuponandjudgingAmericansocietyasamoralwasteland.Symbolization:ColorsnColorsaffectthemoodandemphasizetheimportanceofeventsinanovel.Theconceptofcolorsymbolismisprominent.Yellow(gold),white,andgreenaffecttheatmosphereofscenesthroughassociationwithaspecificmood.nColoraddstotheemotionofsituations.Thecolorisawaytocorrelateeventstocreateacommonmeaning.Color:GoldChapter 1ThefrontwasbrokenbyalineofFrenchwindows,glowingnowwithreflectedgold gold.Chapter 51)AnhourlaterthefrontdooropenednervouslyandGatsbyinawhiteflannelsuit,silvershirtandgoldgold-coloredtiehurriedin.2)Hisbedroomwasthesimplestroomofall-exceptwherethedresserwasgarnishedwithatoiletsetofpuredullgoldgold.3)Daisyadmiredthisaspectorthatofthefeudalsilhouetteagainstthesky,admiredthegardens,thesparklingodorofjonquilsandthefrothyodorofhawthornandplumblossomsandthepalegoldgold odorofkiss-me-at-the-gate.Chapter 6“Andifyouwanttotakedownanyaddressesheresmylittlegoldgoldpencil.”nItsymbolizesadesireforwealth,andoldmoney.nRichpeopleare“rotten”inside,likeDaisies.But“noveauriche”peoplearealsoyellow(gold)inside,likeGatsby.nHegainedhisfortunethroughdealingswithcrime.Andthisisanexampleshowsathemeofdeathofthe“AmericanDream”.nTheimmoralpeoplehaveallthemoney,and,accordingtothe“AmericanDream”,moneyshouldbearewardforhonestyandhardwork.Analysis of“Gold/Yellow”WhiteChapter 1Theonlycompletelystationaryobjectintheroomwasanenormouscouchonwhichtwowomenwerebuoyedupasthoughuponananchoredballoon.Theywerebothinwhitewhiteandtheirdresseswereripplingandfluttering.“Ourwhitegirlhoodwaspassedthere.Ourbeautifulwhitewhite-”Chapter 3DressedupinwhitewhiteflannelsIwentovertohislawn.Chapter 4Shedressedallinwhitewhite andhadalittlewhitewhiteroadsterandalldaylongthetelephoneranginherhouse.Chapter 7DaisyandJordanlayuponanenormouscouch,likesilveridols,weighingdowntheirownwhitewhitedressesagainstthesingingbreezeofthefans.What color is a daisy?1)“Ourwhitegirlhoodwaspassedtogetherthere.Ourbeautifulwhite”(DaisyandJordan)2)“Highinawhitepalacethekingsdaughter,thegoldengirl.”(Daisy)3)“Whenwepulledoutintothewinternightandtherealsnow,oursnow(theendofthenovel).Whitesymbolizespurity,innocence,androyalty,butFitzgeraldusedthiscolortounderlinetheinsideofthewealthypeople.Thisinnocenceisjustasurface;theycovertheirdarksidebehindit,likeDaisy.Hernamesymbolizesaflower:itspetalsarewhite,butitsinsideisyellow,notaspureaswhite.Daisyisfragilelikeaflower,butdeepinsideher,sheisalmostevil.Sheevenkillsaninnocentperson,Tomsmistress.Theupperclass.Daisy,Tom,andJordanare“oldmoney”people.Theywearwhiteclothes,liveinwhitehouses,buttheyareimmoralinside.GreenChapter 1InvoluntarilyIglancedseaward-anddistinguishednothingexceptasinglegreengreenlight,minuteandfaraway,thatmighthavebeentheendofadockChapter 4Sittingdownbehindmanylayersofglassinasortofgreengreenleatherconservatorywestartedtotown.Chapter 5Gatsby:“Youalwayshaveagreengreenlightthatburnsallnightattheendofyourdock.”NowitwasagainagreengreenlightonthedockChapter 7Inthesunlighthisfacewasgreengreen.Chapter 9“inthegreengreenlight,theorgasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeus.”Analysis of“Green”“Green”standsfor“notfaded”,likein“agreenoldage”,orforhope.Gatsbyisa“newmoney”person,sohelivesinagreenhouse,surroundedbygreenlawn.Hehasahopeofrepeatingthepast,whatisanotherthemeinthenovel.The“greenlight”issymbolicofGatsbyslongingforDaisyandtheothermatters:money,success,acceptance,andDaisy.Nicktalksaboutthegreenlightattheendofthebookwhichconnectsthegreenlighttoallpeople.Everyonehassomethingthattheylongandsearchforthatisjustoffinthedistance.Other ColorsnSilverrepresentsjewelleryandrichness.Themoonormoonlightorthestarsareoftensilver:thesilverpepperofthestars;Themoonhadrisenhigher,andfloatingintheSoundwasatriangleofsilverscales;Asilvercurveofthemoonhoveredalreadyinthewesternsky“.nRedassociatedwithlive,joy,love,shame,andrage.nTheinsideofBuchananshomeisinred.Wewalkedthroughahighhallwayintoabrightrosy-coloredspace“The Death of GatsbynWhymusthedie?Itisevitable.HerepresentedAmericanDreamwhichwasexplainedbymoney.nHisdeathmeanshelosteverything,hismoney,socialstatue,so-calledfriends(Nicknotincluded)nTheclashofthesociety,nobodycouldescapethetragicresult,theonlyconsequenceisdeathandeverythingwasgonewiththewind.The Death of Mr.WilsonnThestruggleoflowlaborclass.nLivinginfiercesocialsurvivalcompetition.nMakinglivingatAshheapswhichisanunfavoriteplaceonhalfwaytotheirdreamlandNewYork.However,hecouldnevergetthere,onlyhiswifebymeansofotherunusualway.nHewasdesperate.nHehadtodie.Hewasamemberofthelowerclasswhichwouldfirstgounderwhenthesocietycrashed.Itisakindoftragedy.nThat was a dying society,even God could do nothing with it but watch its fall.nDeath is the only solution of perdition of dream 尔今死去侬收葬，未卜侬身何日丧?侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁?试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时；一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知!葬花词IV.Characters:Main ProtagonistsnDaisy:Alazy,stupid,crazyaboutmoney,dishonest,changeablebutverybeautifulgirl,theunrealisticdreamofGatsby.nTom:Ainsolent,conceited,despicableplayboy.nGatsby:AsympatheticwithgreatdesireofthegreatloveforDaisy.The main characters1.Jay Gatsby2.Tom Buchanan3.George Wilson4.Myrtle(Mrs.Wilson)4.NickDaisy3.NickHecondemnedtheSpiritualwilderness,Immorality,VanityAndcrueltyoftheAmericanupperClass.HeexpressedhisGreatSympathyfortheTragicdeathofGatsby.nNarratornClassmate TomnNeighbor GatsbynCousin Daisy Jay GatsbynJames Gatz（before17）-BorninpoornPlatonic(柏拉图)conception-hewasasonofGodnJay GatsbynMoneydreamhardworkingillegalway(bootlegger;millionaire)nLovedream(winDaisyback)failednRise from bed.6:00 AMnDumbbell exercise and wall-scaling.6:15-6:30nStudy electricity,etc.7:15-8:15nWork.8:30-4:30 PMnBaseball and sports.4:30-5:00nPractice elocution,how to attain it.5:00-6:00 nStudy needed inventions.7:00-9:00ScheduleGeneral resolvesnNowastingtimeatShaftersnNomoresmokingorchewingnBatheveryotherdaynReadoneimprovingbookormagazineperweeknSave$5.00(crossedout)$3.00perweeknBebettertoparentsNoblecharacter:hardworking,honest,persistent,innocentTom Buchanannanarrogant“oldmoney”(aristocraticbully)nthehusbandofDaisyn“Itwasabodycapableofenormousleverageacruelbody.”nRepresentativeoftheAmericanupperclass(Spiritualwilderness,immorality,vanityandcruelty)DaisynDaisy:awhiteflowerwithayellowcentrenLikestowearwhitedress-Beautifulandcharmingninlovewithmoney,easeandmaterialluxury.(“Hervoiceisfullofmoney.”)-fickle,shallow,boredandsardonicWilsonnamechanicandownerofagaragelocatedattheedgeofthevalleyofashes.nthecuckoldedhusbandofMyrtle“Hewashiswifesmanandnothisown.”nThemandeterminedGatsbysfate.MyrtlenGeorge Wilsons wifenTom Buchanans mistress.nA dream of being Cinderella(灰姑娘灰姑娘)Important Quotations Explained(1)1.Ihopeshellbeafoolthatsthebestthingagirlcanbeinthisworld,abeautifullittlefool.2.Hehadoneofthoseraresmileswithaqualityofeternalreassuranceinit,thatyoumaycomeacrossfourorfivetimesinlife.Itfaced,orseemedtoface,thewholeexternalworldforaninstantandthen concentrated on you with an irresistibleprejudiceinyourfavor.Itunderstoodyoujustasfar as you wanted to be understood,believed inyouasyouwouldliketobelieveinyourself.Important Quotations Explained(2)3.ThetruthwasthatJayGatsby,ofWestEgg,Long Island,sprang from his Platonicconceptionofhimself.HewasasonofGodaphrasewhich,ifitmeansanything,meansjustthatand he must be about His Fathersbusiness,the service of a vast,vulgar,andmeretricious beauty.So he invented just thesort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year oldboy would be likely to invent,and to thisconceptionhewasfaithfultotheend.West Egg and East EggnWestEggrepresentsthenewlyrich,JayGatsbyandNickCarraway,istolerant,open-minded,quiet,andagoodlistener,theexactoppositeofDaisyandTomwhoarefickle,shallow,andsometimesboredwiththeirwealth.nTomandDaisyarecapableonlyofcrueltyanddestruction;theyarekeptsafefromtheconsequencesoftheiractionsbytheirfortressofwealthandprivilege.Explanation:Class DistinctionOneoftheidealsofAmericandreamwasfreeofclassdistinction;thateverypersonhastheopportunitytobewhomevertheyhopetobe.Itisalmostasifthereareunspokenlawsunderstoodbylowandhighclassedindividualsalike.Thoserichandnot-sorich,commonandreputed,youngandold,singleandmarriedpeoplecametoGatsbyshouse.ItshowsthewealthofGatsbyandthecorruptionofthesociety.V.Point of viewn(1)Theyoungpeoplebelievedinthe1920s,theso-called“AmericanDream”isfalseinnature.n(2)Criticaloftherichandtheintegratingeffectsofmoneyontheemotionalmake-upofhischaracter.n(3)Moneybroughtonlytragedyandremorse.Wealthalteredpeoplescharacters,makingthemmeananddistrusted.n(4)Hisnovelsfollowapattern:Americandreamlackofattractionfailureanddespair.VI.StylenHisproseissmooth,sensitive,andcompletelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.nItssimplicityandgracefulness,itsskillinmanipulatingtherelationbetweenthegeneralandthespecificrevealhisconsummateartistry.VII.EvaluationnFitzgeraldsclear,lyrical,colorful,wittystyleevokedtheemotionsassociatedwithtimeandplace.nThechiefthemeofFitzgeraldsworkisaspirationtheidealismheregardedasdefiningAmericancharacter.Anothermajorthemewasmutabilityorloss.nAsasocialhistorianFitzgeraldbecameidentifiedwiththeJazzAge:“Itwasanageofmiracles,itwasanageofart,itwasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire,”hewroteinEchoes of the Jazz Age.