托福口语讲义1

新托福新托福口语口语考试考试 WhatisSPEAKING?oSpeaking is the productive,oral skill.oSpeaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information.oSpeaking is often spontaneous,open-ended,and evolving(变化发展的)，but not completely unpredictable.总之，一句话，总之，一句话，口语是要说出来的。口语是要说出来的。WhatisTEST?oA test is a series of questions that you must answer or actions that you must perform in order to show howmuchyouknow about a subject or howwell you are able to do something.总之，一句话，总之，一句话，考试的时候，尽量说自己熟考试的时候，尽量说自己熟悉的会说的东西悉的会说的东西.WhatisspeakingtestinTOEFLIBT?o2+4组合组合（开放型+控制型）o2:独立口语部分独立口语部分independento4:综合口语部分综合口语部分integrated1.独立口语部分独立口语部分:oTask 1:Personal experience （小学生作文水平）oTask 2:Personal preference （中学生作文水平）2.综合口语部分综合口语部分:1)Readlisten-speak Task 3 conversation(campus-based)Task 4 lecture(academic)2)Listenspeak Task 5 conversation(campus-based)Task 6 lecture(academic)TimelimitoTask 1 15 45oTask 2 oTask 3 45 30 60oTask 4oTask 5 20 60 oTask 6总之，一句话，总之，一句话，新托福口语不变态，新托福口语不变态，听的读的多了听的读的多了,自然就会说了。自然就会说了。3YStandards3y标准标准oAccuracyoFluencyoSpontaneityETS标准标准oDelivery(表达)-How clearyour speech is.Goodresponses are those in which the speech isfluid and clear,with good pronunciation,natural pacing,and natural sounding-patterns.oLanguageUse(语言使用)-How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas.Raterswill be looking to see how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.oTopicDevelopment(话题展开)-How fullyyou answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas.oGoodresponses generally use allor mostof the time allotted,and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.0-4oOrganization（topicdev.）oComprehensibility（delivery）oFluency（delivery）oPronunciation（delivery/L.use）oGrammar（L.use）oVocabulary（L.use）总之，一句话，总之，一句话，想拿想拿25+必须将你的发音彻底翻新必须将你的发音彻底翻新Unit1新托福口语纠音新托福口语纠音美音解密美音解密o一三四五一三四五原则原则一大发音特色一大发音特色三大音变三大音变四大发音秘诀四大发音秘诀五个辅音音素五个辅音音素“一一”大发音特色大发音特色oThecarcantbeparkedinthecarparkrightnow.Twodontso不要上来就卷o不要遇到/就卷重度卷舌重度卷舌oscarflargesharpowarmsportfourogirlperfecther轻度卷舌轻度卷舌oteacherdoctorpopularoworryhurrysorryomodernwesterngovernmentyesterday Saturday understand pattern下列下列/不卷舌不卷舌oreallyideaGloriaChristmasbreakfastosocietyquietopossibleholidayoviolinbottomofocampusfocusofamousnervousopreciousdeliciousMoneytalks.“三三”大音变大音变:o/a:/在在/f,m,n,s,/前前after,example,France,class,batho/D/boss,popularo/i/believe,beforeExercises:oafternoonhalflaughstaffgraphobranchdanceadvancecantchanceanswerauntadvantagedisadvantageoaskfastlastpastmastertaskobathroompathSomemoreoGodnotHarryPotterodoctorboxobviousobelongbesideelevenbelowbetween“四四”大发音秘诀大发音秘诀o长长,双元音饱满到位双元音饱满到位o短元音急促有力短元音急促有力o连音连音o省音省音1.长元音长元音:/i:/:/u:/:/a:/oSeeingisbelieving.oYouaresuperb.oIllseeyousoon.oCanItalktoyouforaminute?oPleasecalmdown.对比练习对比练习obeachbitchosheetshitoleaveliveothirteenthirtyofoolfullofoodfoot双元音双元音/ai/oIlikeChina.oHelikestoflykitesinthesky.oMikelikestowritebythenicebrightlightatnight.omindokindostyleosmile/ei/oYouarethesameaseverybodyelse.oTheseatistaken.Readtheseoplayotodayorainopainofailonail/e/vs./ei/ogetgateomenmainotelltailometmateosetsate(使心满意足)/i/vs./ei/olitlateobitbaitokit(工具箱)Kateosticksteak/au/oDoyouprovideahorseorahouse?oWefoundyou.oAreyougoingdowntown?Readtheseonowohowoaboutodownotown/aun/angofound2.短元音急促有力短元音急促有力o/i/u/e/osunofun/n/anorun/e/Vs./openpanoheadhadolendlandomenmanocelerysalaryotempertamper(干预)oGoodcookiescouldbecookedbyagoodcookifagoodcookcouldcookgoodcookies.oItisnotbecausethingsaredifficultthatwedonotdarebutbecausewedonotdarethattheyaredifficult.3.连音连音o辅辅+元元acupofcoffeeCNNfirstofallnotatalllookatitputitonpickituptakeiteasyinanhour /r/+元元o afterallfarawaythereisforinstanceforusherownasfarasIknowIknowwhereitis.元元+元元o/j/beontimestayupsayitgototheairport/w/growupknewitdoitflewawayUNcooperationJanuarysituationandsoon4.省音省音:辅辅+辅辅o失爆失爆:爆破音爆破音+co叠合叠合:c+co击穿击穿:c+hExamples:obigcountrygoodchildoblackboardoutsideopicturedefinitelyobaddogbiggirlograbBobgooddeal osomemoneysomemorewiththemthissemesterThatmakessense.oaskhertakeher teachherburnher givehimabighand“五五”个特别注意的辅音音素个特别注意的辅音音素o/v/neververywello/w/whereoverwhelmingtwentyquestiono/r/rowtraindrinko/usuallyconfusiono/l/littleschoolworld练习练习1:oHereisanexample.oDon(t)forge(t)tohaveso(me)milk.oDoesi(t)tas(te)good?oIwilltryitoutlatermyself.oI(d)li(ke)tomakeanappointmentforacheckup.oDon(t)ma(ke)ca(t)callsa(t)girls.练习练习2:Inmyfamily,mymotherhasinfluencedmegreatlybecauseshehassomanygoodqualities.Sheisverywelleducatedandkeepsanopenmind.Herthinkingisverymodern.Sheisabletounderstandpeoplefromdifferentgenerations.Inaddition,shesagoodlistener.Thismakeshertolerantofotherpeoplesopinions.Herpersonalvaluessetagoodexampleformetofollowinmylife.ThewayshetreatspeopleandthinksmakesmewanttobecomethebestpersonIcanbe.ThisiswhyIthinkmymotherhasinfluencedmethemostinmylife.Unit2真题解析真题解析oTask1o话题范围话题范围(OG提出提出):people,objects,places,events.o考查目的：考查目的：DescribingExpressingopinionsExplainingGivingexamplesTask2o话题范围：话题范围：education,media,technology,culture,life,work,leisure,success,otherso考查目的：考查目的：ExpressingopinionsExplainingGivingexamplesContrastingTask3o学校学校硬件设施硬件设施问题问题n硬件设施停用硬件设施停用n硬件更新硬件更新n硬件修复及改建硬件修复及改建n硬件新建或增加硬件新建或增加n硬件发生故障硬件发生故障（computer lab）o图书馆场景图书馆场景o通常情况不外乎一下几种：通常情况不外乎一下几种：n学生询问图书馆资源使用情况学生询问图书馆资源使用情况n到图书馆借阅或请求延期归还到图书馆借阅或请求延期归还n到图书馆打印到图书馆打印papern注册课程失败，到图书馆询问原因注册课程失败，到图书馆询问原因n去图书馆自习去图书馆自习n在图书馆兼职在图书馆兼职n图书馆重修图书馆重修n技术革新技术革新o学校学校软件政策软件政策问题问题:课程问题课程问题住宿问题住宿问题 教授的办公时间教授的办公时间 学校花费问题学校花费问题 课外活动课外活动Task5oScheduling conflictsoUnavoidable absencesoUnavailable resourcesoStudent electionsoFinancial difficultiesScheduling conflictso具体分为以下几种情况：具体分为以下几种情况：n活动活动Vs.活动活动n课程课程Vs.课程课程n学习学习Vs.活动活动n学习学习Vs.打工打工Task4,6o话题范围话题范围：心理学，生物学，经济学，艺术，天文学，生态学，广告学，考古学，物理学，教育学，文学，历史，科技，音乐，农业，地球生物学 oT3-6考查目的：考查目的：SummarizingSynthesizingUnit3Task1-peopleo综合人物类综合人物类o专门特质类专门特质类OGP209oChooseateacheryouadmireandexplainwhyyouadmirehimorher.Pleaseincludespecificexamplesanddetailsinyourexplanation.在真题高频出现，在真题高频出现，只是问法稍作改变。只是问法稍作改变。o1.Describeapersonthatyouadmiremost.（06.3.17，06.10.22考题）考题）o2.Describeapersonthatinfluencedyoumost.（06.5.26考题）考题）o3.Whatcharacteristicsdoyouthinkagoodteachershouldhave?（06.3.3，07.11.3考题）考题）o4.Describeafamouspersonthatyouadmire.（08.6.22考题）o5.Describeapersonyouenjoytalkingwith,explainwhyyouenjoytalkingwithhimorher.（08.10.12考题）审题：审题：o1）要确定关键词）要确定关键词不至于跑题不至于跑题。eg.person(admire)book(important,useful)event(happy,memorable)object(special)-dog因为接下来阐述的理由都要为其服务。因为接下来阐述的理由都要为其服务。o2）然后）然后1内想好要描述的人，物，事，地。内想好要描述的人，物，事，地。o3）接着，迅速）接着，迅速brainstorm理由。列出提纲。理由。列出提纲。o4）要确定时态，是现在，过去还是未来。）要确定时态，是现在，过去还是未来。Sampleanswer:oTheteacherIadmireinmyeducationwasmymathteacher.oThemostimpressivethingabouthimwasthewayhetaughtus.Hewasalwaysfirm,yetalsohumorousandfunny.Istillrememberthefirsttimehecametoourclass.Heaskedwhatwas2and2?Manyofthestudentsshoutedout444.buthetoldustheanswerwas22.Forafewmoments,wedidnotunderstand,butthenwerealizedhisanswerwas,oddlyenough,correct.Welaughedalot.Wejustlaughedtogether.oNotonlydidwelearnmath,butwealsolearnthowtodothingswell,andwithattentionskillsnotonlyformathbutalsoforlife.Wealsorealizedthatourattitudewasveryimportantinachievingthings,inbeingsuccessful.oIthinkwealladmiredhimandIcertainlydid.AstudentsresponseoTheteacherIadmireinmyeducationismyEnglishteacher.oThemostimpressivethingaboutherishersenseofhumor.ShecanmakeEnglishlearninggreatfunandgiveeveryoneinherclassalotofpleasure.oWhatsmore,shealwaysexplainshardthingsintheeasiestway.Sometimessheevenplaysgamestohelpusrememberdifficultlanguagepoints.NotonlydoessheteachusaboutEnglishbutalsoshetellsushowtodothingswell,andwithattention.Thatsevenmoreimportantforastudent.oSothatswhyIadmirehermost.IBT结构提纲：结构提纲：oIBT结构结构=Intro+Body【brainstorming】+TransitionalwordsoIntro=观点观点（gettothepoint）oBody=理由理由（reasons）+细节细节（points）+例子例子（examples）（可有可无）（可有可无）oTransitionalwords=过渡词过渡词TransitionalwordsoFirstoFirstly oFirst of all oFirst and foremostoTo begin withoFor startersoTo startoAnd,Also,Plus,Besides,In addition,Whats more,Furthermore,Moreover,On the other hand,More importantly,Apart from that,Other than that,Next to that,On top of thatoFinally,Lastly,Last but not least,Most of all,oAll in all,In general,In one word,In conclusion,To conclude,In summary,To sum up,To summarize,In a nutshell,In short,In closing例例2oDescribeapersonyouadmire.Explainwhyyouadmirethisperson.IBT结构提纲结构提纲1：Intro:NelsonMandelaBody:1.excellent speaker 2.political prisoner 3.presidentTransitionalwords:first,second,third结语：结语：strong leaderSample1:(agivenanswerinthebook)oIadmireNelsonMandelaforseveralreasons.oFirst,heisanexcellentspeaker,andhisideasinspiremanypeople.oSecond,hespentover20yearsinjailasapoliticalprisoner.However,thatexperiencedidntstophisdream.oThird,hebecamethepresidentofSouthAfricawhenhewas70yearsold.oIadmireNelsonMandelabecausehewasastrongleaderforhiscountryatatimeofchange.6句oFormer President of South AfricaIBT结构提纲结构提纲2：Intro:Martin Luther King Body:1.great leader 2.peaceful protests and demonstrations 3.magnificent speakerTransitionalwords:first,second,third结语：结语：heroSample2-myownversionoIadmireMartinLutherKingforseveralreasons.oFirst,hewasagreatleaderinthecivilrightsmovement.Hewasverystrongtostandupagainstprejudiceeventhoughpeoplethreatenedbothhimandhisfamily.oSecond,hestronglyadvocatedpeacefulprotestsanddemonstrations.Hemaintainedthatloveandrespectwouldovercomehateandprejudice.oThird,hewasalsoamagnificentspeaker.Hisvoicewassopowerfulthatitcouldreallymovepeople.oThatswhyhehasalwaysbeenaheroofmine.8句句Martin Luther King8句模板句模板oa.1+6+1 （中间段选择3个理由，每个理由2句，构成6句。开头结尾各1句。）ob.2+4+2 （中间段选择2个理由，每个理由2句，构成4句。开头结尾各2句。理由实在找不出的时候，可使用这种组合，开头结尾各占1句废话）oc.1+5+2 （中间段选择3个理由，前2个写正面理由，各2句，后1个写反面理由1句。开头1句，结尾2句。这个组合比较适用第二题。）od.2+5+1（中间段选择3个理由，前2个写正面理由，各2句，后1个写反面理由1句。开头2句，结尾1句。这个组合也适用第二题。）综合人物类模板综合人物类模板 1oIadmire_forseveralreasons.oFirst,_.oSecond,_.oThird,_.oSothatswhyIadmire_themost.综合人物类模板综合人物类模板2 oWhenitcomestothepersonIadmirethemost,_istheone.oThemostimpressivethingabouthim（her）isthat_._.oWhatsmore,_._.oInaddition,_._.oThatswhyhe（she）hasalwaysbeenahero(heroine)ofmine.oWhen it comes to the person I admire the most,Old Fish is the one.oThe most impressive thing about him is that he started a school from nothing and has become the richest teacher in China.As a successful young entrepreneur,he indeed sets a good example for me to follow in my own life.(理由1+细节)oWhats more,he is not greedy or having love for riches.He donated 8 million yuan to the earthquake-hit areas in Sichuan Province,southwest of China.(理由2+例子)oIn addition,he is very nice as a leader,showing compassion and love for his fellow men and affecting them in a positive way.Almost 10,000 people work for him all around China.(理由3+例子)oThats why he has always been a hero of mine.例例3oWhatareimportantcharacteristicsyoulookforinfriends?Characteristicsinfriendsohonest oloyalotrustworthyointegrate(正直的)/uprightoforthright(坦率的)/straightforward ofriendlyokindonot pushy or controllingoa good sense of humorofunny ofun to be aroundofun and lots of laughterosimilar interestsocompassionate oconsiderate/thoughtfulosupportiveounderstanding ocaring opatient osensitiveorespectfulosharingoappreciate one anotheronon judgmental（品头论足的）ohave morals obe a good listener obe able to keep secretsoenhance your life,not drag you down otell you the truth about you regardless of how it affects the friendshiponot criticize(tell stories)you behind your back otell you your short-comings at your mouth（当面）oalmost never praise you in front of youohave something in common but not everythingowant to spend as much time as possible with olike being together and sharing good times withowont leave you if you are in troubleobe friends in sunshine and in shadeostand by you in the hour of any sort of needoalways be there when you need them.no matter what time day or nightocare for you even when the times are bad and even more when the times are greatostand up for you and apologize to you after a fightowont teach you bad stuffs good friends teach good thingsolike you unconditionallyonot expect a lot from the friendship ogive you a shoulder to cry on whenever you need oneSps:oIthinkwhatmakesagoodfriendissomeonewhoshonest,supportiveandunderstanding.oApersonwhois andisalsoiswhatIthinkmakesagoodfriend.oTheymustbe/haveoIdependonmyfriendstobeoIhavetocountonmyfriendstooIthinkagoodfriendissomeonewhooIjustlookforsomeonewhois/can/V-soIdsaytheyhavetobeakindpersonthat专门特质类模板专门特质类模板1oIthinkwhatmakesagoodfriendissomeonewhois_,_and_.oTobeginwith,Ijustlookforsomeonewhois_.Heshould_.oAlso,_._.oFinally,Idlovetospendmoretimewithsomeonewhocan_.Youknow,_.oSo_,_and_arethecharacteristicsthatIlookforin_.Sampleanswer:oIthinkwhatmakesagoodfriendissomeonewhoishonest,supportive,andhasagoodsenseofhumor.oTobeginwith,Ijustlookforsomeonewhoshonesttomenomatterwhat.Heshouldnottellstoriesbehindmyback;heshouldtellmemyshort-comingsatmymouth,butneverpraisesmeinfrontofme.oAlso,itisawellknownsayingthatAFRIENDINNEEDISAFRIENDINDEED.Ijustthinkthatagoodfriendshouldstandbymeinsunshineandinshade.oFinally,Idlovetospendmoretimewithsomeonewhocanmakemelaughandisfuntobearound.Youknow,laughterhaslotsofbenefitslikereducingstressandincreasinghealth.oSohonesty,beingsupportiveandhavingasenseofhumorarethecharacteristicsthatIlookforinfriends.例例4Whatdoyouthinkarethequalitiesofagoodleader？Effectiveleadershipohonest(-y)ointegrate(-ity)otrustworthy(-iness)oresilient(cy)（弹性）ointelligent(-ce)ocommitted(ment)oinformedovisionoinfluentialoefficientopersistentounyieldingfortitude(坚韧不拔)ogetthingsdoneoagoodlisteneroagoodspeakerknowshowtoexpressthemselvesoagoodstrongquick(notspeedy)decisionmakeroknowhowtofollowaswellowillingtostandupforwhattheybelieveinothinkaboutthebigpictureoabilitytobeanon-conformist(不教条)ocompassion&loveforyourfellowmanonotgreedyorhavingaloveforrichesobeabletoleadandknowwhattodoinsituations oaffectthepeopleinapositivewayostrengthtostandupandfightforwhattheywantoabilitytomakenotjustspeedybutintelligentdecisionsoHonestywouldbegood,butifliesareneededtogetstuffdone,sobeit.专门特质类模板专门特质类模板2oInmyview,agood_shouldhavedifferentcharacteristics.oFirst,agood_shouldbe_._.oAnotherimportantcharacteristicofagood_is_._.oMostofall,agood_should_.oThesequalitiesarewhatIthinkmakesagood_.oInmyview,agoodleadershouldhavedifferentcharacteristics.oFirst,agoodleadershouldbeinfluential.Byinstilling（灌输）valuesandmoralsintotheteam,hecanorganizeitandmotivatepeopletodotheirtask.oAnotherimportantcharacteristicofagoodleaderisefficiency.Anefficientleaderismoreofapeoplegatherer.Heshouldleadhisteamonthebasisofpeoplesstrengthstofillinthegaps(取长补短)andaccomplishapurpose.oMostofall,agoodleadershouldbepersistentcausethekeytosuccessisendurance,beinganon-quitter.oThesequalitiesarewhatIthinkmakesagoodleader.