英语句子成分分析-简单句句型

英语句子成分分析英语句子成分分析-简单简单句句型句句型什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（）、谓语（predicate）、表语）、表语（predicative）、宾语（）、宾语（object）、定语）、定语（attribute）、状语）、状语(adverbial)和补语和补语（complement）。）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型，掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握基本句型，掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。各种英语句子结构的基础。英语英语五种五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型列式如下：一：一：（主谓）（主谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型一：一：（主谓）（主谓）主语主语：可以作主语的成分有：可以作主语的成分有名词名词（如（如boy），），主格代词主格代词（如（如you），），动词不定式，动名词动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在等。主语一般在句首句首。注意名词单数形式。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！常和冠词不分家！谓语谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物不及物动词（动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：Wecome.此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点，即句子的，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟，后面可以跟副词、介词副词、介词短语、状语从句短语、状语从句等。等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Thesunwasshining.太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。2.Themoonrose.月亮升起了。月亮升起了。3.Theuniverseremains.宇宙长存。宇宙长存。4.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Whocares?管它呢？管它呢？6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。他们谈了半个小时。8.Thepenwritessmoothly这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。基本句型基本句型二：二：（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同的特点共同的特点：句子：句子谓谓语动词语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构成构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做词叫做连系动词连系动词。系动词系动词分两类：分两类：be,look,keep,seem等属一类，表示等属一类，表示情况情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表等属另一类，表示示变化变化。be本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连系主只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词感官动词多可用作联系动词：lookwell/面色好面色好,soundnice/听起来不错听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，感觉好，smellbad/难闻难闻（是系动词）（是系动词）1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。这是本英汉辞典。2.Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。午餐的气味很好。3.Hefellinlove.他堕入了情网。他堕入了情网。4.Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。一切看来都不同了。5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮他长得又高又壮6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。麻烦的是他们缺少钱。基本句型基本句型三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的此句型句子的共同特点共同特点是：谓语动词都具是：谓语动词都具有有实义实义，都是，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思达完整的意思，必须跟有一个，必须跟有一个宾语宾语，即动，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做叫做及物动词及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般一般同主语构成一样同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是的代词必须是代词宾格代词宾格，如：，如：me，him，them等等（及物动词）（及物动词）1.Whoknowstheanswer?谁知道答案谁知道答案？2.Shesmiledherthanks.她微笑表示她微笑表示感谢。感谢。3.Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。他喜欢看书。4.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。他们吃了剩饭。5.HesaidGoodmorning.他说：他说：早上好！早上好！基本句型基本句型四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有有些及物动词可以有两个宾语两个宾语，如：，如：give给，给，pass递，递，bring带，带，show显示显示。这两。这两个宾语通常一个指个宾语通常一个指人人，为，为间接宾语间接宾语；一个；一个指指物物，为，为直接宾语直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：一般的顺序为：动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语。如：如：Givemeacupoftea,please.强调间接宾语强调间接宾语顺序为：顺序为：动词动词+直接宾语直接宾语+介词介词+间接宾语间接宾语。如：。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物（多指物）1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。他给你带来了一本字典。4.Hedenieshernothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片我给他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。我洗了我的汽车。基本句型基本句型五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的此句型的句子的共同特点共同特点是：动词虽然是是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说说明明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语复合宾语。名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+名词名词Thewarmadehimasoldier.战争使他成为一名战士战争使他成为一名战士.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+形容词形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+介词短语介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork.我经常发现他在工作我经常发现他在工作.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+动词不定式动词不定式Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.老师让学生们关上窗户老师让学生们关上窗户.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格+分词分词Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.我看见一只猫跑过了马路我看见一只猫跑过了马路.（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.Theyappointedhimmanager.他们任命他当经理。他们任命他当经理。2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门漆成绿色他们把门漆成绿色3.Thissetthemthinking.这使得他们要细想一想。这使得他们要细想一想。4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。他们发现那房子无人居住。但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：语）。我们称之为：定语、状语定语、状语一、一、定语：定语：定语是对定语是对名词或代词名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的起修饰、限定作用的词、词、短语或句子短语或句子，汉语中常用，汉语中常用的的表示。定语通表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，构成的复合不定代词时，（如：（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语形容词作定语：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修饰名词修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词修饰名词pen.）/小男小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。是个英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy./有个乖男孩。有个乖男孩。数词作定语相当于形容词：数词作定语相当于形容词：Twoboysneedtwopens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。两个男孩需要两支钢笔。Therearetwoboysintheroom.房间里有两个男孩。房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语代词或名词所有格作定语：HisboyneedsTomspen.他的男孩需要他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。的钢笔。HisnameisTom.他的名字是汤姆。他的名字是汤姆。介词短语作定语介词短语作定语：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。TheboyinblueisTom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。名词作定语名词作定语：Theboyneedsaballpen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语副词作定语：Theboythereneedsapen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom.这里最棒的男孩是这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语不定式作定语：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。Thereisnothingtodotoday.今天无事要做。今天无事要做。分词（短语）作定语分词（短语）作定语：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.她买的笔是中国产的。她买的笔是中国产的。Therearefiveboysleft.有五个留下的男孩。有五个留下的男孩。定语从句定语从句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。TheboyyouwillknowisTom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.参加游戏的男孩有五个。参加游戏的男孩有五个。二、状语：二、状语：状语修饰状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明，说明方式、方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的目的等。等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意。应注意。如：如：Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩男孩喊教室里的女孩（此时（此时intheclassroom为为girl的定语）的定语）也可以理解为也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩男孩在教室里喊女孩（此时（此时intheclassroom为地点状语），为地点状语），最好写作最好写作Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.副词（短语）作状语副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）语较长则状语前置）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）介词短语作状语介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母在母亲面前亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天星期天,教室里没有学生教室里没有学生.(时间状语时间状语)分词（短语）作状语分词（短语）作状语：Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因为）（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）不定式作状语不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：状语从句：时间时间状语从句、状语从句、地点地点状语从句、状语从句、原因原因状语从句、状语从句、结果结果状语从句、状语从句、目的目的状语从句、状语从句、比较比较状语从句、状语从句、让步让步状语从句、状语从句、条件条件状语从句状语从句 句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(一一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二二)选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三三)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.(四四)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.(五五)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr./Mrs.with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(三三)A1、_ six years since I began to study English.A.It is B.I have been C.There are D.It was 2、_ in the room at that time.A.Nobody was B.Someone were C.Who is D.He are 3、ITS very noisy outside._ is going on?A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where 4、_ in English in class every day is important.A.Speak B.Talking C.Saying D.To tell5、There must be_ near the factory.A.a book store B.book store C.books store D.books stores6、Although its raining hard,_ are still working in the fields.A.but they B.and they C.they D.since theyB1、The doctor as well as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.A.show B.shows C.have shown D.are showing 2、Your son must be a clever boy,_ he?A.is B.isnt C.must D.mustnt 3、The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among students in this school.A.open B.opening C.opened D.being opened 4、I _ go to the shop today,for there is a lot of food at home.A.mustnt B.had to C.cant D.neednt 5、Dont _ excited.A.get B.is C.seem D.look 6 This room _ every morning.A.is cleaning B.is cleaned C.cleans D.cleaning C1、Glad to meet you!_ is your full name?A.What B.Where C.How D.Who 2、He is _ to lift the heavy box.A.too weak B.weak tooC.enough weak D.weak enough3、The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A.getting B.looking C.seeming D.going 4、His job is_English.A.teach B.to teach C.taught D.teaches 5、Two balls are_.A.under the desk B.in the wall C.to here D.at desksD1、We should get ready_ others.A.helping B.to help C.help D.help with 2、_interesting work we are doing?A.What a B.How C.What D.What an 3、I want_ a teacher when I grow up.A.to be B.to C.be D.being 4、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so.To be honest,I really dont feel like_on apicnic.A.going B.to go C.go D.went 5 Do you know_?A.where does he live B.where he livesC.where he live D.if where he lives 6 Let _ do it again.A.I B.me C.he D.she 7 I dont know_.A.how to do B.what to do C.where to do D.when to do E 1、I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A.plays B.to play C.played D.play 2、Sorry,weve kept you_ for a long time.A.waited B.sing C.stand D.waiting 3、The teacher told us _ late again.A.arent be B.dont be C.not to be D.not be 4、We find the room very_.A.warm B.warmly C.terribly D.hardlyF1、I found _ difficult to work together with him.A.it B.its C.that D.those 2、We all know _ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.A.that B.this C.which D.it 3、He found _ very interesting to play with the little dog.A.what B.it C./D.thatG()1 Tom said he _ a good dream yesterday evening.A.dream B.dreamed C.have D.has()2 Children _ a happy life in China.A.lead B.living C.has D.leadingH()1 America,Japan and Canada are_countries.A.developing B.developed C.less developed D.develop()2-_ skirt is that on the chair?-Let me see.Oh,no,its not mine.A.Whose B.What C.Whos D.Which()3 Do you have anything _?A.saying B.to say C.said D.say()4 Look,there is an_tree by the wall.A.apple B.apples C.apples D.apples()5 Where is_seat?A.yours B.your C.you D.yourselvesI()1 The box is _ heavy for her _ carry.A.very;to B.too;not toC.too;to D.very too;to 2-_ did you buy the new bag?-Last Monday.A.Where B.How C.When D.Who 3 You can see these signs in a hospital._ can you see them?A.Where else B.Where place elseC.Where else place D.Else where 4 They went out _ their old friends.A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited 5 There is a wide river_ our village.A.outside B.over C.from D.belowJ 1 The young man,_ works in the office.A.me brother B.my brother C.my brothers D.me 2 Our English teacher,_ often helps us with study.A.Mrs Wang B.Mrs5 WangC.MrsWangs.D.of him 3 _,some railway workers are busy repairing the train.A.Them B.He C.They D.Theirs结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！45