海上无线电（GMDSS）通信业务TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES

GMDSSTELECOMMUNICATIONSERVICES2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThislectureisaboutGMDSSservicesanditincludesmaterialscomingfrom:ITURadioRegulations(www.itu.int)ITU,headquarteredinGeneva,SwitzerlandisaninternationalorganizationwithintheUnitedNationsSystemwheregovernmentsandtheprivatesectorcoordinateglobaltelecomnetworksandservices.Itincludesthreesectors:radiocommunicationsector,standardizationsectoranddevelopmentsector.TheITU-Rplaysavitalroleinthemanagementoftheradio-frequencyspectrumandsatelliteorbits,finitenaturalresourceswhichareincreasinglyindemandfromalargenumberofservicessuchasfixed,mobile,broadcasting,amateur,spaceresearch,meteorology,globalpositioningsystems,environmentalmonitoringand,lastbutnotleast,thosecommunicationservicesthatensuresafetyoflifeatseaandintheskies.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSOLAS(International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS),1974)Chapter IV-RadiocommunicationsTheChapterincorporatestheGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem(GMDSS).Allpassengershipsandallcargoshipsof300grosstonnageandupwardsoninternationalvoyagesarerequiredtocarryequipmentdesignedtoimprovethechancesofrescuefollowinganaccident,includingsatelliteemergencypositionindicatingradiobeacons(EPIRBs)andsearchandrescuetransponders(SARTs)forthelocationoftheshiporsurvivalcraft.RegulationsinChapterIVcoverundertakingsbycontractinggovernmentstoprovideradiocommunciationservicesaswellasshiprequirementsforcarriageofradiocommunicationsequipment.TheChapteriscloselylinkedtotheRadioRegulationsoftheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSTCW(International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers,1978)Shipstationmanagementrules2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongTheassessmentsarenotfarawayfromnowanditTheassessmentsarenotfarawayfromnowanditwillbeheldinaroundwillbeheldinaround12th12thweekinthemiddleofthisweekinthemiddleofthissemester.semester.Therewillbetwoassessments.oneisinChineseTherewillbetwoassessments.oneisinChineseheldbyMaritimeAdministrationandanotherisinheldbyMaritimeAdministrationandanotherisinEnglishprovidedbyme.Englishprovidedbyme.Youhavetoworkhard.Youhavetoworkhard.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongChapter 1 Introduction to the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongLearning objectives to be achieved in this chapter:TohaveangeneralperspectiveofGMDSS.ToknowwhatarefourGMDSSseaareasA1,A2,A3,A4andcorrespondingshipequipmentcarriagerequirements.TounderstandwhatarenineGMDSSfunctions.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS&SAFETY SYSTEMIn 1979,the International Maritime Organization decided In 1979,the International Maritime Organization decided to up-grade the existing communications system to to up-grade the existing communications system to incorporateincorporate new technologiesnew technologies available which would available which would significantly significantly improveimprove the safety of life at seathe safety of life at sea .The GMDSS Entered fully in Force(1st February 1999)(The GMDSS)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongVesselsaffected:AllpassengervesselsThe Global Maritime Distress&Safety System(GMDSS)Cargo vessels of 300 grt and above on international voyages2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThe“old”Systemas per theas per theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at SeaInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS)1974(SOLAS)19742 major systems:Morsetelegraphy(500Khz)oncargovesselsover 1600 GRT,all passenger vessels.Radiotelephony2182kHzandVHFCh16cargovesselsover300GRT,allpassengervessels.bothmanuallyoperated.minimumrangerequired100-150NM.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongNewMaritimeServicesEPIRB(COSPAS-SARSAT)INMARSATSYSTEM(A,B,C,F,M)NAVTEXDSCSARTS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat-System Components2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEquipmentvs.OperationalrequirementsThemajordifferencebetweentheGMDSSanditspredecessorsystemsisthattheradiocommunicationsequipment to be fitted to a GMDSS ship is determined by the ships area of operation,rather than by its size.BecausethevariousradiosystemsusedintheGMDSShavedifferentlimitations,withregardstorangeandservicesprovided,GMDSSdividestheworldsoceansinto4areas(zones):2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSeaAreasA1-CoastalareawithincoverageofatleastoneVHFcoastradiostationprovidingcontinuousavailabilityofDSCALERTING(20-30nm)A2-AreawithincoverageofatleastoneMFcoastradiostationprovidingcontinuousavailabilityofDSCALERTINGexcl.A1(150-200n.miles)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongA3-AreawithincoverageofInmarsatgeostationarysatellitesprovidingcontinuousavailabilityofalerting,excl.A1andA2,approximatelybetweenlatitudes70degreesnorthand70degrees south);A4-AreaoutsideseaareasA1,A2,andA3(veryhighlatitudes)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSS:ShipequipmentGMDSS:ShipequipmentcarriagerequirementscarriagerequirementsA1A2A3A4n VHF equipmentn s-EPIRB or VHF EPIRBn MSI receivernSARTn VHF and MF equipmentn S-EPIRB n MSI receivernSARTn VHF,MF and HF or satellite equipmentn S-EPIRB n MSI receivernSARTn VHF,MF and HF equipmentn 406 MHz S-EPIRBn MSI receivernSART2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongn VHF DSC with radiotelephone n s-EPIRB or VHF EPIRBn NAVTEXn 2 SART2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSeaAreas2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFunctionalrequirements(The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)TheGMDSSregulations(chapterIVoftheInternationalSOLASConvention),requirethateveryGMDSSequippedshipshallbecapableof;-transmittingship-to-shoreDistressAlertsbyatleasttwo separate and independent means,eachusingadifferentradiocommunicationservice;-receivingshore-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingship-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingsearchandrescueco-coordinatingcommunications;2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong-transmittingandreceivingon-scenecommunications;-transmittingandreceivinglocatingandhomingsignals;-receivingmaritimesafetyinformation;-transmittingandreceivinggeneralradiocommunicationsrelatingtothemanagementandoperationofthevessel;-transmittingandreceivingbridge-to-bridgecommunications.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongHow is the SAR system activated by GMDSS?2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSystemInclude:SatelliteCommunicationSystem-Inmarsat-COSPAS-SARSAT(EPIRB)TerrestrialCommunicationSystem-Radiotelephone-NarrowBandDirectPrintingTelex(NBDP)-SearchandRescueRadarTransponder(SART)-DigitalSelectiveCall(DSC)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat-System Components2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongOperationalSpacecraftStatusPacific Ocean RegionInmarsat-3 F3178 Degrees EastIndian Ocean RegionInmarsat-4 F164 Degrees EastAtlantic Ocean Region WestInmarsat-3 F454 Degrees WestAtlantic OceanRegion EastInmarsat-3 F215.5 Degrees West2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat Satellite Coverage2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong Inmarsat-2 Inmarsat-3178E64.5E15.5W54WPacificOceanRegionIndianOceanAtlanticRegionOceanRegionWestAtlanticOceanRegionEastSpacecraft Status2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFunctionalrequirements(The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)TheGMDSSregulations(chapterIVoftheInternationalSOLASConvention),requirethateveryGMDSSequippedshipshallbecapableof;-transmittingship-to-shoreDistressAlertsbyatleasttwo separate and independent means,eachusingadifferentradiocommunicationservice;-receivingshore-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingship-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingsearchandrescueco-coordinatingcommunications;2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong-transmittingandreceivingon-scenecommunications;-transmittingandreceivinglocatingandhomingsignals;-receivingmaritimesafetyinformation;-transmittingandreceivinggeneralradiocommunicationsrelatingtothemanagementandoperationofthevessel;-transmittingandreceivingbridge-to-bridgecommunications.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThe16The16NAVAREAs/METAREAsNAVAREAs/METAREAs2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhonglInmarsatanditsLESOstodaysupportawiderangeofdataproducts&servicesthatcaterforthemaritimeuser-morethanjusttalklDataisbecomingincreasinglyimportantintheefficientrunningoffleetmanagementoperationslFleetoperatorsmustchooseserviceprovidersofferingaclearandprovenmigrationpathfromlowtohighdatarateserviceslInternettechnologywillcometodominatemaritimemobiledatausageoverthenext5yearslInmarsatanditsLESOswillremainattheforefrontofInternetdevelopmenttosupportthemaritimeindustryInmarsat Ltd.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSYSTEMCOMPONENTSlSpace SegmentmSatellitesmGround Support FacilitieslGatewaysmCoast Earth Stations(CES)mLand Earth Stations(LES)mGround Earth Stations(GES)lUser EquipmentmShip Earth Stations(SES)mLand Mobile Earth Stations(LMES)mAircraft Earth Stations(AES)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongINMARSAT-SPOT BEAMSImproved spacecraft performance over localised area6dB enhancement over global beamPermits reuse of L-Band spectrumBenefits inter-system co-ordination2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-AOR-E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-AOR-W2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-IOR2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpotBeamCoverage-POR2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat Meeting Future Requirements InmarsatI-42024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongINMARSAT-43SatelliteconstellationPlannedintroduction2005ImprovedspacecraftperformanceGlobalBeam19MajorSpotBeamsConfigurablesmallerspotbeamstypicallybetween150-175innumberPermitsextensivere-useofL-Bandspectrum2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat-2Inmarsat-3Inmarsat-4 No.of satellites44+1spare2+1spareCoverageGlobalbeam7widespots200narrowspots+19+globalbeamwidespots+globalbeamMobile link EIRP39dBW49dBW67dBWSatellite dry mass700kg1000kg2700kgSolar array span14.520.7m48mFlexibleHigher PowerInmarsat Satellite Evolution2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSFunctionsInmAInmBF77*InmCInmEDistressAlertingShip-to-shoreYesYesYesYesYesDistressAlertingShore-to-shipYesYesDistressAlertingShip-to-shipSearch&RescueCommunicationsYesYesYesYesOn-SceneCommunicationsYesYesYesYesTransmitting/ReceivingMSIYesLocatingsignalsYesGeneralCommunicationsYesYesYesYesBridge-to-bridgecommunications*Inmarsat Fleet F77 meets criteria onprioritisation/pre-emption contained in A.888(21)GMDSSCommunicationsFunctionsperformedbyInmarsatEquipment2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat A and Inmarsat B GMDSS FunctionsDistressAlertingShip-to-ShoreTelephoneandTelexSearchandRescueCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexOn-SceneCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexGeneralCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexInmarsat A will cease operation 31st December 20072024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongStoreandForwardMessagingtelexdeliveryfacsimiledelivery(fromSESsideonly)PSTN/PSDNdeliverymobiledeliveryE-maildelivery(Internet,X.400)SpecialAccessCodes(SAC)deliveryEnhancedGroupCallsEGCSafetyNET(GMDSS)EGCFleetNETDistresscalling(GMDSS)DistressalertingDistressprioritymessagingDatareportingandpollingPositionreporting(dataandmessaging)Inmarsat C Services2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongHighestPriority(Priority3)SizeoftheDistressAlert=1packetSimpleprocedureusingkeyboardenterinformationinthedistressalertscreenshipsposition(maybeupdatedautomatically)shipscourse(maybeupdatedautomatically)shipsspeed(maybeupdatedautomatically)natureofdistress(sinking,abandonshipetc.enteredmanually)(IMN,date,timeisenteredautomatically)TransmitusingDistressButton(s),orUseRemoteDistressButton(s)AutomaticdeliverytoMRCCwithminimumdelayInmarsat C Distress Alerting2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongDistressPriorityMessagingTosendadditionalinformationtoMRCConthedistresseventandrequiredassistanceHighestPriority(Priority3)Sizeofthemessagelimitedto32kbytesAutomaticdeliverytoMRCCregardlessofenteredaddressMinimumdelaySentusingkeyboardSometimeisrequiredtopreparedistressmessage2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFalseDistressAlertsAutomatedsystemsmakealertingeasyProblemingeneralthroughoutGMDSSReasonsforsendingfalsedistressalertscaninclude:Badinstallation-faultydedicateddistressbuttoninadequatetrainingusingPCforotherapplicationslackofresponsibility-RCCsconsidereachdistresscallasREALLackofoperationalprocedures-verysimpletosendalertlackofknowledgehowtocancelfalsedistressalerttechnicalproblemswithshipsequipmentmainreason-human error!CN114PreventionofDistressAlertsfromkeyboardonInmarsatC2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEGCSafetyNET(GMDSS)DistributionofMaritimeSafetyInformation(MSI)NavigationalwarningsMeteorologicalwarningsWeatherforecastsDistressalertrelay(shore-to-ship)SearchandRescuecoordinationOtherurgentinformationEGCFleetNET(Commercial)DistributionofcommercialinformationE.g.Weatherrouting,companymessagesetc.EnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)services2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongMaritimeSafetyInformation(MSI)NavigationalwarningsMeteorologicalwarningsWeatherforecastsDistressalertrelay(shore-to-ship)SearchandRescuecoordinationOtherurgentinformation2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongMSIcanbeaddressedto.NAVAREA/METAREA(1-16)navigationalandmeteoinformationCircularareadistressalertrelaystormwarningsSARcoordinationRectangularareaurgentnavigationalwarningsCoastalareas(likeNavtex)coastalwarnings2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongShore-to-ship distress alert to a circular area(45N35W999)Co-ordinates for circular area broadcast:D1D2=Latitude,La=Hemisphere,D3D4D5=LongitudeD6D7D8=radius in nautical miles2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongUrgent MSI/Nav.Warnings to a rectangular area(40N070W20040)Co-ordinates for rectangular area broadcast:D1D2=Latitude SW corner,La=Hemisphere N or S,D3D4D5=Longitude SW corner,Lo=Longitude E or W,D6D7=extent of rectangle latitude in degrees,D8D9D10=extent of rectangle longitude in degrees2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong”CRITERIAFORTHEPROVISIONOFMOBILE-SATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMSINTHEGLOBALMARITIMEDISTRESSANDSAFETYSYSTEM(GMDSS)”Inmarsat Fleet F77 is the only equipment to fully comply with the voice prioritisation and pre-emption requirements within:IMO Assembly Resolution A.888.21(November 1999)Fleet F77 and the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong!FourLevelsofPrioritisationDistress,Urgency,SafetyandOther!Pre-emptionship-to-shore!Hierarchicalpre-emption-allcallswillbepre-emptedbycallsofahigherpriority!Pre-emptionshore-to-ship!Hierarchicalpre-emptiononlybyanauthorisedentitysuchasan(M)RCC!ShiporiginatedcallswillalwaystakeprecedenceinanyprioritisationcategoryFleet F77 and the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongVessel InitiatesShip-to-shoreCallIs callPriority level 3(Distress)?Is callPriority level 2(Urgency)?Is callPriority level 1(Safety)?Is MESRegistered forcalls throughLES?RejectthecallCompletethecallYesNoYesYesYesNoNoNoFleet77Pre-emption/prioritisation2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEMERGENCYPOSITIONINDICATINGRADIOBEACONInmarsat EInmarsat E will cease operation 1st December 20062024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongOperationviaGeostationarysatellitesIntegratedGPS(Positionwithin200m)DistressAlertDeliverytime5minutestypically1minuteInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongActivationMethodsAutomatic,Whenfloatingfree(Sea Water Activated)Manual,whileinitscradleRemoteControlfromBridgeInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongTheInmarsatEEPIRBincludes:L-BandOmni-directionalAntennaSearchandRescueRadarTransponderElectronicPositionFixingDevice(GPS)LowDutyCycleHighIntensityStrobeLightAudio/VisualindicationofactivationOptional121.5MHzHomingBeaconBatterypackInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFrameContentSystemCodeEPIRBLongitudeEPIRBLatitudeCourseSpeedNatureofDistressTimeofLastPositionUpdateInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSystemTestsLivetesttransmissionsbyeachLESoverthesystemeveryhourtotestsystemintegrityTestresultssenttoInmarsatNOConlyNOTAssociatedRCCsInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong