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非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳 非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句谓语动词一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能名称名称语语 法法 功功 能能 主语主语宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足语足语表语表语定语定语状语状语不定不定式式动名动名词词现在现在分词分词过去过去分词分词可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语,宾语宾语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状状语语.一、不定式一、不定式1.不定式作主语不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedB.C.soundingD.tohavesoundedC.2.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.D.AlikingBtobelikeE.CtolikeDtobeliking3.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.不定式作表语不定式作表语l lWhatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.l lThemostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质 Cf.HeistomarryRose.表按方案要做的事情表按方案要做的事情.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语l lIneedapentowritewith.l lCharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.l lThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.A.followsB.followedB.C.tofollowD.beingfollowed5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake6.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相当于用相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的引导的目的状语目的状语.1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastobereceiving3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindout BFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.having C.tohaveD.have7.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语l l常用常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto,such+名词名词astodo引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingB.C.foundD.tohavefound8.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked9.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。说话时还未等对不起，请稍等。说话时还未等Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。说话时已等了很久对不起，让你久等了。说话时已等了很久1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveB.C.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft10.不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象l l不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和和使役动词使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略不定式省略to。l l例例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.l l介词介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。l l例例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.l l不定式符号不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语局部作表语时的省略。当主语局部有行为动词有行为动词do,作表语的不定式作表语的不定式to可省略。可省略。l l例例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken11.不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略 l l动词动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为防止重复，等后面接不定式时，为防止重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保存常省略与上文相同的动词，只保存to不定式不定式符号。符号。1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that句式句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保存不要保存不定式后的定式后的be或或have。例例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).二、动名词二、动名词l l充当成分充当成分:主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语1.动名词作主语动名词作主语l lSeeingisbelieving.l lPlayingchessisfun.l lItsnousewaitinghere.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语 l lThenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.l lCf.l lThenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 l l以下动词后只能接动名词：以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。l lDoyoumindmyopeningthewindows?l l以下动词短语接动名词：以下动词短语接动名词：l lleaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。l lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语 l l动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.l lreadingtextl lasleepingbagl lawalkingstickl lCf.l lrunningwaterl ldevelopedcountryl lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.l lSheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.l lHisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.l lIcantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考点击高考点击3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatB.C.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingB.C.tobelostD.beinglost三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.l l充当成分充当成分:l l宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.一现在分词一现在分词1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。等状语。时间状语分词作状语前面可加时间状语分词作状语前面可加when,while等等Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.原因状语原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote伴随状语伴随状语Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.结果状语结果状语Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.l l注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。l l时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时那么用完成时，如发生在谓语动作之前时那么用完成式式having done。l l语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规那么主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规那么“主主动进行，被动完成。动进行，被动完成。l l人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。的主语。1.Heglancedoverather,_thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedB.C.tonoteD.havingnotedC.2._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.D.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted3Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking4Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavingcaused5_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung2ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt二过去分词二过去分词1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语l l过过去分去分词词作状作状语语，相当于一个状，相当于一个状语语从从句，用来句，用来说说明原因、明原因、时间时间、条件等。、条件等。1过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.2作时间状语作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.3作条件状语作条件状语Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.4伴随状语伴随状语Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为主语，这种结构称为独立主格独立主格结构。如：结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown2.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded3.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid4.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell_.AtospendBspentCbeingspentDSpending3.分词作宾补分词作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。l lTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.l lWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如如:1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryB.C.worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings2.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingtododone1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure
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