大学英语精读：第三册 UNIT 1010000字

大学英语精读：第三册 UNIT 1010000字 Alvin Toffler writes about the fact that technology is advancing much faster today than ever before in history. The symbols of technology are no longer factory smokestacks or assembly lines. As we are headed for the future, the pace will quicken still further. 论文代写 The Fantastic Spurt in Technology 毕业论文 A. Toffler 作文 /zuowen/To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic even sometimes essential. And the assembly line the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change to catch up with the quickening change in technology itself. 论文代写This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour （mph）. It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. 论文代写So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less tan half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record.It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty-year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960s rocket plants approached speeds of 4,00 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. 总结大全 /html/zongjie/Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our won times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward. 论文代写The reason for this is tat technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. 总结大全 /html/zongjie/The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. 作文 /zuowen/ Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being mad every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle between idea and application has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social device to hasten the process. 毕业But if it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to sweep through the society. For example, the refrigerator was introduced in the United States before 1920, yet its peak production did not come until more than thirty years later. However, by 1950 in only a few years television had grown from a laboratory novelty to the biggest part of show business. So the interval between the second and third stages of the cycle between application and diffusion has likewise been cut, and the pace of diffusion is rising with astonishing speed. 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/The stepped-up pace of invention, application and diffusion, in turn, accelerates the whole cycle still further. For new machines or techniques are not merely a product, but a source, of fresh creative ideas. 简历大全 /html/jianli/NEW WORDS 简历大全 /html/jianli/ fantastica. unbelievably large or great 极大的；难以置信的 毕业论文spurt n. a short sudden increase of activity, effort or speed; burst 猛增；突然加速；迸发 毕业论文conjure 毕业vt. cause （sth.） to appear in the mind 唤起；使想起 毕业 smoky 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/a. giving out much smoke mill 简历大全 /html/jianli/n. factory or workshop 论文代写 classic 简历大全 /html/jianli/ a. typical 经典的，典型的 representation 作文 /zuowen/ n. sth. that represents 代表represent vt. 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/symbol 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/n. sign, mark, or object which represents a person, idea, value, etc. 象征 论文代写inadequate 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/a. not adequate; insufficient 总结大全 /html/zongjie/ misleadinga. causing wrong conclusions; causing mistakesmislead vt. 毕业论文invention 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/n. the act of inventing; sth. invented 毕业论文horse collar 简历大全 /html/jianli/马轭 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/agricultural 简历大全 /html/jianli/ a. of agriculture 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/furnace 毕业n. 熔炉，炉子 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/apply 作文 /zuowen/vt. put into use or operation 应用，运用 occurvt. take place; happen 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/breedvt. raise （esp. animals） 饲养 毕业论文vote n. 选票；选举（权）advanceda. far on in development; modern 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/blast 作文 /zuowen/n. 鼓风；送风 论文代写blast furnace鼓风炉；高炉 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/electronicsn. 电子技术；电子学 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/surroundings 毕业论文n. （used with a pl. v. ） everything around and about a place; conditions of life 环境 作文 /zuowen/characteristic 作文 /zuowen/a. showing the individual character 表示特性的 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/essential a. necessary; most importantorganization 作文 /zuowen/n. the act of organizing; an organized body or system 毕业repetitive 毕业论文n. the act of organizing; an organized body or systemrepetitive a. of or characterized by the act of repeating 论文代写repetition n. 作文 /zuowen/ function 简历大全 /html/jianli/n. special duty （of a person） or purpose （of a thing） 职责，功能，作用 论文代写outdateda. no longer in general use; old-fashioned 过时的 毕业 quicken 毕业论文v. make or become quick（er） 作文 /zuowen/acceleration 论文代写 n. 加速 简历大全 /html/jianli/dramatize 毕业vt. put into dramatic from; express or represent （sth.） in a dramatic or exaggerated way 毕业论文account 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/n. report or description 毕业transportation 作文 /zuowen/n. the business of carrying people or goods from one place to another 运输 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/transport vt. 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/BC abbr. 论文代写Before （ the birth of） Christ 公元前 论文代写available 简历大全 /html/jianli/a. capable of being got, obtained, used, etc. 可获得的；可利用的 毕业论文camel n. 骆驼 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/caravan 毕业n. （往返于沙漠地带的）商队 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/average 总结大全 /html/zongjie/vt. have as an average 平均为 总结大全 /html/zongjie/per 毕业论文 prep. for each 每mph 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/ abbr. miles per hour 作文 /zuowen/chariot 简历大全 /html/jianli/n. two-wheeled carriage pulled by horses （古时）双轮马拉战车 maximumn. & a. （being） the largest number, amount, etc. 总结大全 /html/zongjie/roughly 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ad. about; more or less but not exactly 毕业论文impressive 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/a. making a deep impression on the mind and feelings 给人深刻的印象的 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/exceed 简历大全 /html/jianli/vt. go or be beyond a limit, measure, or degree 超过 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/coach 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/n. large, old-fashioned, closed carriage pulled by horses 四轮大马车 毕业论文operate 简历大全 /html/jianli/v. （cause to ） work, be in action 总结大全 /html/zongjie/ mere 论文代写a. nothing more than 毕业论文locomotive 简历大全 /html/jianli/ a. railway engine 火车头 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/race 简历大全 /html/jianli/ n. main division of any living things; nation or tribe 属；人种 airplane 简历大全 /html/jianli/n. 飞机flick 总结大全 /html/zongjie/n. sudden, light blow or stroke; sudden short movement 轻弹；突然的轻快动作 毕业论文rocket 作文 /zuowen/n. 火箭 简历大全 /html/jianli/ capsulen. the part of a spaceship in which the pilots live and work and from which the engine is separate when the takeoff is completed 宇宙密封舱 简历大全 /html/jianli/ altitude 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/n. 高，（尤指海拔）高度 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/mineral 毕业n. 矿物，矿石 简历大全 /html/jianli/accelerative 论文代写a. 加速的 毕业trendn. general direction; tendency 趋向；倾向 总结大全 /html/zongjie/patternn. the way in which sth. happens or develops 模式 总结大全 /html/zongjie/statistical 论文代写a. 统计的；统计学的 简历大全 /html/jianli/unmistakable 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/a. clearly recognizableinnovationn. the introduction of sth. new; new idea, method, or invention 革新；新方法 总结大全 /html/zongjie/stage 毕业n. point, period or step in development 阶段；时期cycle 毕业n. series of events taking place in a regularly repeated order 循环；周期 总结大全 /html/zongjie/feasible 毕业 a. capable or being carried out or done; possible 可行的 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ diffusion 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/n. the act of spreading out （knowledge, etc.） widely 扩散；传播 论文代写embody 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/vt. give form to express 体现 论文代写generate 作文 /zuowen/vt. cause to exist or occur; produce 发生；产生 论文代写shorten 简历大全 /html/jianli/v. make or become shorter 简历大全 /html/jianli/scientifica. of science; guided by the rules of science radically 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ ad. fundamentally; essentially; extremely 论文代写striking 作文 /zuowen/a. very noticeable; attracting attention 显着的 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ancestorn. 祖先marketplace 论文代写n. square or open place in a town where a market is held 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/refrigeratorn. 冰箱 毕业frigen. refrigeratorpeak 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/n. the highest point or level; the pointed top of a mountain or hill 顶峰；山峰 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/ novelty 总结大全 /html/zongjie/n. sth. new and unusual; innovation 新奇的事物 简历大全 /html/jianli/novel 毕业a. 新颖的，新奇的 毕业likewise 毕业ad. in the same way 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/astonishing 作文 /zuowen/a. very surprising; amazing 毕业论文stepped-up 简历大全 /html/jianli/ a. increased in size, speed, or extentaccelerate 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/ v. （cause to） move faster 加速 毕业论文 PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS 毕业conjure up 毕业cause to appear as a picture in the mind 使联想起labo（u）r along 简历大全 /html/jianli/move slowly and with difficulty 简历大全 /html/jianli/go by 总结大全 /html/zongjie/pass （ in place or time） 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/feed on 简历大全 /html/jianli/ （of animals） live on （food）; draw strength, support or satisfaction from in turn 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/in proper sequence or succession 依次，轮流，转而 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/put to work apply 开题报告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/PROPER NAMESHenry Ford 作文 /zuowen/亨利.福特 总结大全 /html/zongjie/Charlie Chaplin 思想汇报 /sixianghuibao/ 查利.卓别麟Bessemer贝西默（姓氏）