[江西]2023江西金溪抚商村镇银行招聘笔试参考题库答案详解

江西2023江西金溪抚商村镇银行招聘笔试参考题库答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.单项选择题(共50题)1.劳动报酬是指劳动者因提供劳动而获得的所有报酬的总和，它等于工资和福利之和。 根据以上定义，下面哪种属于劳动报酬？（ ）A.小王超额完成计件任务500件，按单价10元计，公司付给他5000元人民币B.小王超额完成任务，公司除发一定数目的工资外，给了他两周的带薪假期C.小王把公司发的5000元用来购买股票，获得了 2000元的收益D.小王完成任务后又加班工作了四个小时，公司付给他400元的加班费答案：B 本题解析：定义的关键在于“工资和福利”的总和，只有选项B体现出了工资和福利两个方面，故选B。2.美国斯坦福大学梅丽莎奠尔博士在天哪：脏话简史一书中谈到一个有趣的现象：有些患阿尔茨海默症或中过风的病人在彻底丧失语言能力后，仍能反复说出某个脏话。这不免令人感到困惑：难道说脏话不是在说话吗?如果以下陈述为真，哪一项最好地解释了上述现象?A.在约100万个英语单词中，尽管只有十多个是脏话，但它们的使用频率非常高B.脑科学家的研究证实。人的精神能够在生理学的意义上改变身体状态C.脏话是最能表达极端情绪的词语，说脏话能减轻压力并有助于忍受疼痛D.一般的词语被保存在控制自主行为和理性思考的大脑上层区域，而脏话则被保存在负责情绪和本能反应的大脑下层区域答案：D 本题解析：题干中的现象是：丧失语言能力的人仍能说脏话。D项说明脏话和说话由大脑不同区域负责，说明脏话和说话之间的不同，很好地解释了题干现象；A、B、C三项都不能说明脏话和说话不同。故答案选D3.在企业发生的下列经济业务中，影响现金流量的有（）A.现金存入银行B.用固定资产偿还债务C.用原材料对外投资D.用银行存款购买材料答案：D 本题解析：暂无解析4.第45题答案是_A.sittingB.walkingC.ridingD.running答案：A 本题解析：根据下文中的“so I sat down next to him”可知，此处表示他坐在那里等待图书馆开门故A项正确。5.就需求决策的问题，征求选定专家的意见，然后将意见整理成若干不同观点后匿名反馈给专家，通过几轮反复，根据专家趋向一致的意见做出决策的方法叫做（ ）。A.头脑风暴法B.专家会议法C.期望收益法D.德菲尔法答案：D 本题解析：本题考查德尔菲法的概念。6.低档品价格上升导致需求下降的主要原因是（）。A.替代效应与价格呈反方向变动，收入效应与价格呈同方向变动，但收入效应小于替代效应B.替代效应与价格呈反方向变动，收入效应与价格呈反方向变动C.替代效应与价格呈同方向变动，收入效应与价格呈反方向变动，但收入效应小于替代效应D.替代效应与价格呈同方向变动，收入效应与价格呈同方向变动答案：A 本题解析：低档品的替代效应与价格呈反方向变动，收入效应与价格呈同方向变动，而收入效应小于替代效应。7.Questions 76-80 refer to the following information.Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both conservative and liberal concluded that an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.Why the International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe.The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefits, otherwise they wouldnt trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spend, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong （or anywhere else）.The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher prices.Americans pay an enormous price for protection over $60 billion a year, or $1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nations to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Tarde between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that rise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionist to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special interest group, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.International free trade may improve the standard of living all over the worldB.Economists are all in favor of the free trade policyC.International free trade may create international competitionD.Protectionism has been abolished due to encouraging monopoly, lower quality and higher prices答案：D 本题解析：细节判断题。本题要求判断哪一个不正确。根据文章第二段可知A 项正确，“国际自由贸易可以促进全世界人们生活水平的提高”；根据第一段第一句可知B 项正确，“经济学家们都赞同自由贸易政策”；根据第四段可知C 项正确，“国际贸易促进国际竞争”；根据最后一段第四句“美国和世界上其他国家在某种程度上还经常采取贸易保护主义政策。”可知选项D（贸易保护主义已被废止）不正确。所以D 项为正确答案。8.负债类账户的发生额与余额之间的关系是（）。A.期初余额本期借方发生额期末余额B.期初余额本期贷方发生额-本期借方发生额期末余额C.期初余额本期借方发生额-本期贷方发生额期末余额D.期初余额本期贷方发生额期末余额答案：B 本题解析：负债与所有者权益类账户的期末贷方余额期初贷方余额本期贷方发生额本期借方发生额。9.某公司财务部的二十名员工进行绩效排名，已知前十八名的平均分为85分，第十九名比第二十名多4分，所有人的平均绩效是82分，那么排名最后的员工绩效是（）分。A.59B.57C.55D.53答案：D 本题解析：根据已知条件，可得D项正确；前十八名的总分为：8518=1530（分）所有人的总分为：8220=1640（分），因此第十九及二十名总分为1640-1530=110（分），设排名最后的员工绩效为x，则（x+4）+x=110，解得x=53，D选项符合题意。A、B、C选项错误。故本题应选D项。10.2013 年前三季度16 家上市银行主要财务指标建设银行1 0 月27 日公布了201 3 年前三季度经营业绩，截至2013 年9 月30 日，建设银行归属股东的净利润为1 764.82 亿元，较上年同期增长11.56%。10 月24 日，中国移动公布的2013 年前三季度业绩报告显示，前三季度中国移动净利润915 亿元，同比下滑1.9%。2013 年前三季度，建设银行利息净收入2 865.10 亿元，较上年同期增长9.76%；手续费及佣金净收入较上年同期增长116.45 亿元；其中，造价咨询、房改金融等传统优势产品继续保持较快增长，电子银行、信用卡、债券承销等新兴类亦表现良好。收入结构不断优化的同时，建设银行的成本收入比较上年同期下降0.21 个百分点至25.53%。财报显示，2013 年以来，建设银行合理把握信贷投放总量，继续深入推动信贷结构调整，支持实体经济发展；巩固传统优势领域，优化增量信贷资金投放，加大对小企业及个人信贷需求的支持力度；优化客户结构，产能过剩行业贷款余额持续下降，截止2013 年9 月30 日，建设银行客户贷款和垫款总额83 772.10亿元，较上年末增长11.51%。其中，境内公司类贷款52 794.73 亿元，个人贷款23 671.10 亿元，票据贴现1 264.89 亿元，海外和子公司贷款6 041.38 亿元。面对复杂的国内外经济金融形势，建设银行继续加强信贷资产风险管理，加快风险处置化解，加大重点地区、重点领域风险防控力度，保持信贷资产质量稳定。建设银行前三季度业绩报告显示，按照贷款五级分类划分建设银行不良贷款余额为820.87 亿元，不良贷款率0.98%，较上年末下降0.01 个百分点，资产质量在国内商业银行中持续保持领先水平。下述银行，2013 年前三季度净利润与营业收人比值最大的是（ ）。A.民生银行B.工商银行C.建设银行D.北京银行答案：D 本题解析：根据表格数据，2013 年前三季度民生银行净利润与营业收入的比值为333.14/859.7547%，故最大是北京银行。11.She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain_I could stop herA.beforeB.offC.fromD.away答案：A 本题解析：该句意为她是如此地生气以致于冲进雨里我能阻止她。before“在之前”，符合句意，故选A。12.先将线段AB分成20等分，线段上的等分点用A标注，再将该线段分成21等分，等分点 用“O”标注（AB两点都不标注），现在发现A和“O”之间的最短处为2厘米，问线段AB 的长度为多少？（ ）A.2460厘米B.1050厘米C.840厘米D.680厘米答案：C 本题解析：不妨设线段AB长度为x，且从左端开始计算距离。先将线段AB分成20等分，线段上的等分点用“A标注，则每个“A的位置为nx/20， 且 l n 19;再将该线段分成21等分，等分点用“O标注，则每个“O的位置为kx/21， 且 l k 20;nx/20 kx/21 = x(21n20k)/420，则显然当 n = k=l 时候，此式值最小。 因为“A和“O”之间的最短处为2厘米，即x/420 = 2，解得x=840厘米。13.A.见图AB.见图BC.见图CD.见图D答案：D 本题解析：从元素数量上看，题干图形中包含的圆圈总数依次为3、4、5，可推出第四个图形应有6个圆圈；再观察圆圈的颜色，第一个图形中只有一个黑色圆圈、第二个图形中只有一个白色圆圈、第三个图形中只有一个黑色圆圈，那么第四个图形中应只有一个白色圆圈。所以答案为D。14.在研究移动金融市场时发现，银行金融产品不同分销渠道的业务成本差异很大，据国外数据统计，银行金融产品不同分销渠道的成本比较如下：诺鑫银行 2012年网上银行交易笔数为 109.3亿，通过柜面交易笔数为 136.7亿，与传统柜面相比， 2012年网上银行的交易中节约成本( )亿美元。A.103.84B.129.87C.307.45D.295.92答案：A 本题解析：暂无解析15.根据中华人民共和国公司法，股份有限公司的经理由（）决定聘任或解聘。A.监事会B.股东代表大会C.职工代表大会D.董事会答案：D 本题解析：根据公司法的规定，股份有限公司的经理由董事会决定聘用或解聘。16.在其他条件不变的情况下，中央银行通过公开市场操作购买大量有价证券，金融体系中的货币供应量将（）。A.上升B.下降C.不变D.不能判断答案：A 本题解析：中央银行通过公开市场操作购买证券将增加基础货币，使货币供应量增加。故本题答案选A。17.一种挥发性药水，原来有一整瓶，第二天挥发后变为原来的12；第三天变为第二天的23；第四天变为第三天的34，请问第几天时药水还剩下130瓶?（）。A.5天B.12天C.30天D.100天答案：C 本题解析：由题意可知若此药水第一天为1，则第二天为1/2,第三天为11/22/3=1/3,第四天为11/21/33/4=1/4，据此规律，可知C正确。18.一般认为，宏观经济政策的主要目标有四个，以下说法不正确的是（） 。A.充分就业B.物价水平稳定C.国际收支平衡D.高速的增长率答案：D 本题解析：暂无解析19.与上一个月相比，降幅最大的指数是（）。A.土地开发面积分类指数B.销售价格分类指数C.空置面积分类指数D.资金来源分类指数答案：B 本题解析：与上一个月相比，资金来源分类指数上升了，空置面积分类指数持平，销售价格分类指数下降123点，土地开发面积分类指数下降064点，比较可知，降幅最大的指数是销售价格分类指数。20.党的十八大报告指出，_是中国特色社会主义的内在要求，_是中国特色社会主义的根本原则，_是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。（ ） A.公平正义共同富裕社会和谐B.共同富裕公平正义社会和谐C.社会和谐共同富裕公平正义D.社会和谐公平正义共同富裕答案：A 本题解析：本题考査党和国家的主要政策。党的十八大报告指出，公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求,共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的根本原则，社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。故正确答案为A。21.Children who are two years old and younger are（）free of charge to most concerts and films.A.admitB.admitsC.admittedD.admitting答案：C 本题解析：句意为：两岁及两岁以下的儿童可以免费观赏大部分的演唱会和电影。首先，be动词后边可以接动词的过去分词或现在分词。本题主语是children“儿童们”，所以此处应选择过去分词admitted“被允许入场”。free of charge是“免费”的意思。22.中央银行最重要的负债业务是（ ）。A.存款准备金B.经理国库C.再贷款D.货币发行答案：D 本题解析：暂无解析23.银行真题（）A.选项AB.选项BC.选项CD.选项D答案：A 本题解析：题干图形都是直线图形，选项中只有A符合。24.投资开放式基金不但会取得较高收益，还能达到合法避税的效果。由于基金获得的股息、红利及企业债券的利息收入，由上市公司在基金派发时代扣代缴20%的个人所得税，因此，基金向个人投资者分配时不再代扣代缴个人所得税。目前，居民可以投资的开放式基金主要有股票型基金、债券型基金和货币型基金。以货币基金为例，目前货币基金的年收益虽然降到了2%左右，但考虑不纳税因素，仍然比一年期的税后储蓄收益高0.2 个百分点。这段话的主旨是（ ）。A.居民投资开放式基金的种类B.货币基金应考虑不纳税因素C.上市公司在基金派发时代扣代缴个人所得税D.投资开放式基金收益较高答案：D 本题解析：第一句话就是这段文字的主旨，即投资开放式基金不但会取得较高收益，还能达到合法避税的效果。下面都是对此的进一步论述。故文段强调的是开放式基金的优势，只有D 项与此相符，当选。25.调查显示，新闻记者的职业和网络关系密切，但只占上网人数的1.8%；与大量青少年学生网民（占总数的19.3%）相比，教师和党政企事业单位的领导干部上网太少（分别占网民总数的5%和3.4%）；与月收入500元以下和500元1000元的人群（分别占总数的21%和29%）相比，收入较高的人们的上网比例并没有很大提高；从事商贸活动的人员上网人数只占总数的5.8%。与这段文字文意相符的是：（ ）A.职业与上网没有直接关系B.网络成为现代人获取信息的主要来源C.电子商务没有在中国获得真正的发展D.收入越高，上网人数的比例越高答案：A 本题解析：题干并没有提到网络是现代人获得信息的主要来源，也没有提到收入较高的人上网比例很高，排除B、D；从事商贸活动的人员上网总数虽然小，但没有直接的证据表明电子商务没有在中国获得真正的发展，排除C项；这段话要说明的是职业与上网没有直接关系，上网没有因为职业的不同而呈现相应的规律。26.根据上述材料，下列叙述错误的是（ ） 。A.房地产业 2014 年上半年 2.5%的相对很低增速表明房地产业开始衰退B.参照 2013 年 GDP 数据，2014 年三季度 GDP 增速可能会有较大环比增幅C.各季度 GDP 增速相对保持在中高速的范围D.不同行业间的不同增速表明各行业相互之间的结构等联系一定程度地优化答案：A 本题解析：低增速并不能表明房地产业开始衰退。27.根据下列资料。回答36-40题。2012年黄山市全年接待海内外旅游者36413万人次，比上年增长192。其中：接待国内旅游者34810万人次。增长l91；接待入境旅游者1603万人次，增长220。在入境旅游者中。外国人928万人次，增长216；港澳台同胞675万人次，增长225。全年旅游总收入3030亿元，增长207。其中：国内旅游收入2724亿元，增长205。全市52个旅游景区(点)共接待游客2176万人次，同比增长l84，入境游客78Ol万人次。其中：黄山风景区共接待游客3008万人次，增长96，入境游客310万人次，增长l05。旅游产业规模继续扩张。2012年年末，国家A级景区达52家，其中5A级景区3家；星级饭店达71家，其中四星级以上饭店30家；旅行社达l39家。20072012年黄山市旅游接待量(万人次，)2012年，黄山风景区接待国内游客人数占黄山市52个旅游景区(点)国内游客总人数的比重为( )。A.39.7B.13.8C.12.9D.24.7答案：C 本题解析：根据材料第三段可知，2012年，黄山风景区接待国内游客人数为(300.8 31O)万人次，黄28.关于硬盘的叙述中，下列选项错误的是（）。A.硬盘读写速度比光盘慢B.个人计算机硬盘以IDE接口和SATA接口为主C.硬盘存储容量大D.硬盘存储器系统由硬盘机、硬盘控制适配器组成答案：A 本题解析：硬盘读写速度比光盘快很多。依据题意，应选A。29.Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Ofcourse these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”, their languages are not.Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better,given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become morepredictablc.Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation wont do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success. Which of the following statements about the more systematic. and more idiosyncratic language is correct? A.When a language becomes more widely-spoken, it becomes more idiosyncratic,B.A more systematic language works better than a more idiosyncratic languageC.A more systematic language facilitates communication a large populationD.People develop more rules than it is needed when learning a new language答案：C 本题解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知“语言的成长需要系统性。丧失掉复杂性是外来者学习语言的代价，也是语言传播成功的代价。”故C项正确“更加系统化的语言在人口众多的环境下更能促进交流”。所以答案选C。30.实验、调查以及消费者报告的证据均表明，屏幕和电子阅读器无法媲美纸张阅读的那种“直观、愉悦”的感观体验，尤其是长文的阅读。这种阅读上的困难也会或多或少（ ）对阅读的理解。与纸张相比，屏幕阅读还可能会（ ）我们更多的精力，而且让记忆变得更加困难。A.束缚浪费B.干扰侵占C.影响削弱D.妨碍消耗答案：D 本题解析：本题属于逻辑填空题目。第一空，A项“束缚”理解，搭配不当，排除；第二空，“削弱”精力和“侵占”精力，搭配不当，均排除。代入剩下的D项，符合语境。因此，选择D选项。31.在反映社会经济现象总规模水平和工作总量的统计指标中，工业总产值属于（） 。A.数量指标，用相对数表示B.质量指标，用相对数表示C.数量指标，用绝对数表示D.质量指标，用相对数表示答案：C 本题解析：暂无解析32.It is of high importance that you ( ) at the airport on time.A.arriveB.are to arriveC.must arriveD.end to arrive答案：A 本题解析：考查虚拟语气。it is of high importance that后面要用虚拟语气，should+V，其中should可以省略。故选项A正确。BC选项均不符合；D项：end to“结束、到了”，不符合原文意思，排除。33.某公司现有原村料500吨需要在20日内加工成零件销售,该公司加工精密零件每日消耗原村料10吨,加工普通零件每日消耗原材料30吨,加工精密零件每消耗一吨原材抖可以盈利1050元加工通零件每消耗吨原材料可以盈利270元该公司完成这项工作后可以盈利()A.210000B.174000C.486000D.162000答案：B 本题解析：设精加工x天，普通加工y天，x+y=20， 10x+30y=500， 得到精密加工50吨，普通加工450吨，则50*1050+450*270=1 74000。34.玉米的正常市场价格为每公斤1. 86元到2.18元，近期某地玉米价格涨至每公斤2. 68元。经测算，向市场每投放储备玉米100吨，每公斤玉米价格可下降0. 05元，为稳定玉米价格，向该地投放储备玉米的数量不能超过（ ）。A.800 吨B.1080 吨C.1360 吨D.1640 吨答案：D 本题解析：玉米价格最多从2. 68元下降到正常范围的最低值1. 86元，即降低0. 82元，每100吨对应的降价是0. 05元，所以投放储备的量最高为100X (0. 82 + 0. 05) = 1640（吨）。35. 下列句子中没有语病的一句是( )。 A.明天我会专程拜访你，请你在家恭候B.国外的汽车厂家的年产量不但比我们多，而且花色品种也比我们丰富C.电影地道战是一部反映抗战时期中的故事片D.随着人们生活水平的提高，搭乘出租车已经不再是“高消费”答案：D 本题解析：这道题考察了实词用词不当和句子成分多于，因此属于综合类。A项实词中的动词用词不当，“恭候”为敬辞，等候的意思，用在这句话中不恰当。B项成语用词不当，汽车不能用“花色品种”形容，“花色品种”通常指的是美食或者针织品一类。C项“中”和“时期”都表示一个阶段，属于语义重复，成分多余。D项表述语义明确，没有语病。 考查点: 言语理解与表达病句判断病句判断综合类36.Rising wages - together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs - are eating away the once-formidableChina price advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn, the worlds largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone.One can talk about a world pre- and post- Foxconn, says Victor Fung, chairman of Li & Fung, the worlds biggest sourcing company and a supplier of Wal-Mart. Foxconn is as important as that.Foxconns wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. At a Guangdong Province factory supplying Honda, wages have risen an astonishing 47 percent. All this is bad news for companies operating in the worlds manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises - if not on the scale witnessed this year - are here to stay.Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production - and they should do so sooner rather than later.Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990, they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years.There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity.Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increase, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only ￥260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials.If labor costs continue, however, to increase at 19 percent a year for another five years,monthly wages would grew ￥623 per month, according to BCG estimates. Such an increase would ripple through the economy in the form of higher prices for components, business services, cargo-handling and office staff.The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, if has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enough to return home to their families in the interior provinces. In the future, though, young workers will be harder to recruit. This is partly because there will be fewer of them: Largely bec