英语语法完全版2

约有90个双宾动词可有两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。如果直接宾语紧跟在这些动词后面，间接宾语可变成由to引起的短语，这些动词则成了及物动词：He lent me his knife=He lent his knife to me He left her ten thousand dollars=He left ten thousand dollars to her更多例句：aHe gave John a cigarette （or an English lesson），offered me tea（or a position，a bribe），handed his brother the salt （or the letter），delivered them the goods（or a letter，the message），passed me the butter，brought me my book（or a cup of tea），took（or carried）me an umbrella，left me some cakes（or a free choice），returned me the book（or an angry look），threw me a magazine（or a word），tossed（or cast，flung）the beggar a pennybHe provided（or furnished，supplied）us（with）food and everything necessary，presented me（with）a good dictionary（用with时较不用时为多）It afforded me an opportunity（or great pleasure，satisfaction）He rendered his boss a service（or assistance，the account），tendered me his resignation（or his services），administered me a blow，caused（or occasioned）me so much pain（or anxiety，heavy loss，inconvenience，some trouble），dealt me a scoldingcHe granted me an audience（or a credit，a holiday，a re- quest），meted us out reward and punishment，allowed them more time（or a holiday，ten dollars），awarded me the prize（or full marks），accorded her the privilege （or a warm welcome，due praise）He refused me admittance（or the request，this favour，the loan of a book），denied me nothing（or justice，all comfort，help），（be）grudged me my salary（or my honour），barred no friends his housedHe assigned me a duty（or a small room），allotted me a garden（or a few exercises），prescribed me a milk diet （or a duty），apportioned us different duties，issued me a permit（or a driving license）The hardware store shipped me a big machine（or some utensils）He forwarded（or sent，dispatched，posted，mailed） her a parcelThey paid me the salary（or the taxi fare，the tuition，the price），reimbursed me the costs，advanced me a months salary（or 1000 dollars），remitted me a thousand dollars，lent me some money，owed me a debt（or thanks，obligations），sold rich customers good diamonds and sold others poor goods，charged me no tuition（or a dollar），loaned me their car，rented me a houseeHe played me a tune（or a piece），sang me a Japanese song（=sing a Japanese song to me or for me），extended us a warm welcome，stood me champagne，served me a good dinner，fed his dog beefHe wishes me good luck（or good evening，every joy，a safe journey，the compliments of the season，a good night），bade me a welcome（or adieu，good morning），waved me adieu（or a greeting），nodded me a welcome （or approval），bowed me his heartiest thanks，paid them a visit（or his respects）fHe wrote me letters（or a few lines），answered me nothing （or not a word，a question），scrawled me a note，read me the letter（or a poem，a lesson），told me a story（or everything），foretold me my future，showed me his care （or much kindness），pointed me out my mistake，whispered me a piece of news，telegraphed（or wired，faxed，cabled）me full details of the result，telephoned （or phoned） me the details（or the current price），transmitted me a message，taught me Chinese（or music，a lesson，singing，obedience），preached us a very good sermon，pledged me his friendship，put me a question，quoted me an instancegHe bequeathed（or willed）his children a large fortune（or all his property），left me a large fortuneThey yielded the enemy their position，ceded him the land，conceded him the privileges（or the favours he asked）They guaranteed me satisfaction（or regular employment，punctual arrival），insured（or assured） me success （success to me or for me），promised me assistanceHe recommended me a good book（or a good servant）They did him harm（or honour，good，justice，wrong，credit，a favour，a good turn，an injustice，an injury，a kindness，a service），caused us a lot of mischiefThey made him a visit（or an offer，a promise，no reply，some answers）直接宾语亦称作事物宾语（Thing-Object），而间接宾语亦称作表人宾语（Person-Object）。不过间接宾语间或也指事物：He never gives the matter a second thought，does not give the plan a trial，wished it a happy ending，allowed his imagination a full play直接宾语可以是代词：Dont tell her thatHe told his brother thatWho asked you this？ Who gave it（to） you？ We gave it（to）himI will pay it （to） you all尽管上面句中的间接宾语可以变作to引起的短语，但这种短语少用为宜，但在下面这类句子中，却用以to引起的短语较好：To you，I give this（间接宾语为了强调而提前）To the President，I write this letterTo whom do you give it？（和一个疑问代词连用）Who do you give it to？ Which boy do you sing to，Mary？ The man to whom you told the story is my uncle（和关系代词连用）I have given to him（直接宾语省略）I will write to himPlease deliver to JohnI have given the book to Mary，the best student in class（间接宾语比直接宾语更长更重要）I only teach English to students who are truly anxious to learnThe letter，I have sent to him（直接宾语放在句首）All these valuable things，he gave to meSome dictionaries have been given to the library（直接宾语是被动动词的主语）A letter will be sent to him bought a dog for me） 约有35个双宾动词用两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。这种动词可变成及物动词，这时间接宾语应改作由for引起的宾语：He ordered me a book=He ordered a book for meShe made me a dress=She made a dress for me更多例句：aHe built himself a hutThe shoemaker turns me out 100 pairs of shoesHunan Province yield China a lot of riceShe wove me a garlandThe carpenter made Uncle a beautiful deskShe cooked me eggsShe boiled me some waterFix me a drinkPlease spread me some bread with butterI will cut you a slice of breadPour me out some tea（or coffee）Please fill me some winebPlease pull me a chair to the tablePlease fetch me a dictionary（or a doctor）He reached me a pencilIll put you a chair over thereHe gathered me some stampsHe chose his wife a nice dressPick me out a dozen orangesCan you match me this cloth？ cCan you find（or get，secure，obtain）me a job？ They reserved us a hotel room，called us a taxi，bought us a lunchThe book won him a good name，earned him a lot of money，but created him many enemiesThis incident acquired（or gained） him wealthIve got me money enough，will buy me some liquor（口语体）You have save him so much trouble（or time，money）Can you spare me a few minutes（or one dollar）？ Could you change me this five-pound note（or ten-dollar bill）？ Can you cash me this bill？ 上面句子中的间接宾语可以变作由for引起的短语，在1424节中所说情况下，必须改成这种短语：For you alone，I cook this fishFor my family，I must save some moneyFor whom do you build so big a house？ Who（m） do you choose this cloth for？ The person for whom you made a dress was my nieceI will cook for youPlease call（a taxi）for meShe poured out coffee for John，the man she loved mostI will get a job for John，who has been jobless for many monthsThis trouble you can save for me and many othersA good name will this good work gain for him，but not wealthThree taxis were called for usA magnificent palace was built for the king and queen21S+DV+N+N（John envied me my dog） 约有70个双宾动词虽然可以变作及物动词，却不在表人的宾语前用介词to或for。这时有几种情况： a有些动词后，表人宾语前用另一介词；b有些动词后，事物宾语前有一介词；c-f其他动词很少变作及物动词：aThey played（or served）John a trick（or a bad turn），bestowed him honour（or a title，praise），enjoined（or imposed）me obedience（or a duty），（=They played a trick on John，served a trick on him，bestowed honour on him，） She flung him a wink，flashed me a glance，shot John an angry look，cast me a glance，dealt（or hit） him a blow（=She flung a wink at him，flashed a glance at me，） They bore us malice （or ill will，hatred），waged us war（=They bore malice against us，waged war against us，） He bore me great affection（or good will）（=He bore great affection for me，） He asked me some questions（or the time，my name，my address，the way，the fare，the price，the reason，the cause）（=He asked some questions of me，） He asked you a favour （or permission，a kindness）（=He asked a favour from you，） bHe envied John his new car （or his pretty wife），forgave us our sins（or our debt，our negligence，our misconduct），pardoned me the question（or my offence），excused me my asking，took me out a walk（or an airing，a drive）（=He envied John for his new car，forgave us for our sins，） He banished me the realm，dismissed me the club（or the service），expelled me the school（=He banished me from the realm，dismissed me from the club，） cHe fined me ten dollars ，wagered（or bet）me ten dollars（that John would win），bid me half the price，quoted you the best price（or a proverb），tipped me one dollar（or the wink）It costs him twelve dollars（or much trouble，his life），takes me six days（or all my life） to do that，will last me three yearsThe business lost me all my capital，profited me a lot of money，netted him a thousand dollars dailydI struck him a heavy blow，fetched him a slap（or a box on the ear）caught that man two kicks in the stomach，hit his face a rap，hit him a hard blow（所有斜体动词都是gave的意思）She kissed him good night（or good-bye，a welcome，a hearty kiss），swept him a look（or a bow，a curtsy），blew him a kissShe bore him witness（or company），kept him company，has borne him three childrenThey made me a present（or some allowance，a request，an apology）eIt bodes（or portends）us no good（or evil）He prophesied me successHe set us a task（or the examination paper，a good example）（CfHe set a task for us） The doctor ordered me a complete rest（or a special diet，silence）He forbade his children tobacco（or the use of liquor or drugs）He deigned me no replyfShe dropped me a few lines（or a note，a postcard，a curtsy）I enclose you a list of new productsHe led me a（pretty）dance（or a dogs life）He called me namesHe let me bloodHe means（or intends）you no harm22S+DV+N+W-CL or W-I（John showed me what I should do or what to do） 约有10个动词用名词或代词作间接宾语，却用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作直接宾语：English grammar shows us how we should make sentences （=how to make sentences）Please tell me which book we should choose（=which book to choose）Can you advise me what I must do（=what to do）？ He asked me where he could get the entrance ticket（= where to get the entrance ticket） He reminded me when I must go（=when to go）He notified me when John started for LondonPlease inform that man whether his wife has been hereYou must teach your children when to act，what to say and where to stopShe asked me where could she buy flowers？（注意主语前的助动词及句末的问号）I ask him what must I study in this country？ 在这类句子中不要使用上节所提动词以外的动词，如：I criticized him how he was wrong（错句） I know him when he will succeed（错句） 23S+DV+N+thatCL（John convinced me that I was wrong） 约有30个双宾动词可用名词或代词作间接宾语，而用that 引起的从句作直接宾语。That这个字有时可省略。整个从句在重复时可以用so代替：aI told John（that） he was mistaken Everybody had told him soThey informed（or notified，apprised，advised，wrote，wired，telegraphed，phoned）my brother that the ship arrived on February2 I had in formed him soHe whispered me that John had been arrestedI remind him that the meeting is on Friday（or that he should send the letter）He assures me that everything is all right（or that I shall be a happy man）Nobody else has assured me soHe cant warrant me that it is genuineIll warrant you that you shall be paidbHe convinced（or persuaded，satisfied）her that he would love her always（or that they could be happy）This accident taught us that we were not careful enough （or that driving could be very dangerous）I entreated him that he must stop smokingI beseech him that he will help my familyThey admonished him that he should not drink liquorThey ordered their men that they should fireHe promised me that I should have a gold watchThey warned him that the place was dangerousThey threatened me that they would kill all my peoplecHe promised me that he would comeWe thanked Good（or our stars，Heaven）that our trial was endedThank Heaven I am betterI thank you that you have done this for meI flattered myself that I was not to do such a silly thingI bet（or wager）him five dollars that it will rain today（Bet后跟两个直接宾语，这是英语中一个不寻常的现象。）上面提到的双宾动词有些可变作及物动词，这时可以用of引起的短语修饰：They told him of my sickness，informed（or notified，apprised）him of your visit，reminded me of my promise，assured me of his honesty，convinced（or persuaded，satisfied）me of his innocence，admonished me of the danger（or my fault，my duty），warned him of the danger在这类句子中不要使用上面所提动词以外的动词，如：I criticized him that he was wrong（错句） I supposed him that he knew everything（错句）I know John that he will arrive late（错句）24S+LV+A or PrP or PaP（John was rich） a表示状态的系动词：1） He was sad（or pleased，amazed，very interesting）The house has been my uncles（用名词所有格作补语）The book is JohnsHe felt hungry（or sure，bad，bound to do it，annoyed）He seems ill（or happy，tired，satisfied，pleased）He appeared ill（or satisfied）It bulked largeIt loomed blackHe is asleep（or awake，alone，alive，afraid）（表语形容词）2） He stood alone（or neutral，first on the list，corrected，accused of a crime）It stood well（or idle）This line runs parallel with thatStill waters run deepEverything（or Something，Nothing，All）went well（or right，ill，wrong，amiss）How goes the world？How things go with us？English goes（=runs，passes）current in many countriesHe went（=was usually）barefoot（or bareheaded，naked，hungry，well dressed） b表示状态开始的系动词：1） He became fat（or poor，well-known，discouraged）This system became quickly spreadThis book became widely read by young peopleOur country is becoming richer and richer，stronger and stronger Many of the newcomers became accustomed to this cold climateHe got sick（or angry，shy，weak，lazy，careless，wet，ready，red，rich，free，shocked，shot，killed，fired，scolded，stung，burried，confused，lost，washed，dressed，engaged，interested，married）He got to be （=became）rich（or friendly）It got to be dearer nowThe gum gets soreIt got cold（or dark，worse，better，loose）（Become表示结果，get表示过程。）2） He grew（=gradually became）strong（or wild，faint，more and more foolish，excited，tired，introxicated in a minute，accustomed to it）It grew wild（or thick，tame，small）It grew ripe（or sweet）He turned false（or pale，red）It turned bad（or yellow，colder）（比较：He was turned（of）=was pastsixty） He went mad（or blind，deaf，bald，lame，crazy，wild，red，white，sick，pale，dry，wrong，native，distracted，drunk，lost）It went bad（or sour，grey，dark，stale，rotten）The engine（or The telephone）has gone deadThe plan goes unheard and unnoticed3）His dream came trueThe bill came dueThe door came unhingedHow came they acquainted？How came you（to be）so rude？It came cheapShe is coming sixteenThe seam came unstitched（or unsewn）The knot came untiedHe came awake（or square are with her）He came over（=grew）feverish （or sleepy）The weather came over cloudyHe came（or ranked）firstHe ran wild（or mad）The river ran dry（or high，low，deep，thick）The prices ran highProvisions ran short（or low）The business does not run smoothThe beast ran looseHe fell asleep（or dead，ill，tired，faint，dumb，silent，lame）It fell calm（or dark，flat），The note fell due to meThe rent fell due（CfTen dollars is due to youMy salary is due tomorrow）The night fe11 darkThe post fell vacantThe supply fell shortHe fell（=began）humming（or thinking）The room struck cold（or nice，warm，comfortable） when one enteredThey made（themselves）merry（or sure that they would win，bold to do it）表示状态结束或结果的系动词：He proved usefulThe wound proved fatalIt turned out（or proved，came out）（=was found out） （to be）false（or correct，important，interesting）He came off victorious（or defeated，second best）Everything went（=proved）well with himYour knowledge of French will come in（=prove）service- able one dayd表示状态继续的系动词：He remained quiet（or firm，honest，poor，unmarried，unpunished，uncared-for）It remained dirty（or dark，unsettled，untouched）It stayed motionless（or fresh）H stayed silent（or asleep）He stayed young（or rich all his life）The store stays open till midnightThe library will stay closedThe paper stayed blankHe continued firm（or silent，poor，lazy，unknown，un seen）It continued strongHis illness continued unchangedIt continued rainyHe kept cold（or silent，stillawake，aloof）He held firm（or silent，mute，aloof，still）The rule held true（or good）for three yearsThe grievances went（=remained）unredressedHe went unpunished（or unrewarded）You may rest assured（or satisfied，content，confident，se cure，certain，easy）This disease rests mysterious带有被动意义的系动词：1）He looked proud（or black，pained，pleased，satisfied）It looked funny（or interesting）It smelt bad（or sweet，fragrant）It tastes sweet（or bitter，sour，good，delicious）It felt smooth（or soft，hard，cold，hot）How does it feel to be hungry？ It sounded（=seemed）unripe（or expensive，strange，wise，easy，all right，reasonable）Pork sounds too heavy to me2）The cake eats crispThe coin rang true（or false）His statement rang hollow（or harsh）The meat cuts tender（or tough）Her dress wore thin（or threadbare）It has worn smoothOur friendship has worn thinThe street measures longThe landscape reproduces too darkThe sky washes out slightlyThe background records just rightIt weighs heavy（or much）It costs dear（CfIt is worth much） 近似于不及物动词的系动词：1） He acted natural（or surprised）（=He acted + he was naturalor surprised= He was naturalor surprisedwhen he acted）Dont act foolishHe arrived safe（=He was safe when he arrived） Mary awoke tired（=Mary was tired when she a- woke） He was born poorMy heart beat quickThe door blew（or burst，crashed） open；banged shutShe blushed scarletThe prisoners broke loose（or free）2）Stocks close irregular todayThey departed unseenThe fire burned red（or bright）He came running（or singing，smiling，accompanied by his wife）He came home hungry and tired and sadMisfortune never comes single（or singly）The day dawned clear and brightHe died happy（or young，worth a million，aged 26）He dresses youngThe flame dwindled weak3）He entered dressed in white and wearing slippersHe fell down unconscious（or dead）The snow is falling thickShe flashed（or flared，flushed，flamed）red（or scarlet）It freezes bone-hard in winterThe window flew openThe bird glided peaceful and its feathers gleamed（or glowed）whiteHe grows up unmanageable（or innocent）The moon hung lowTime hangs heavy on my handsHe jerked free from debt4）He lay dead（or still，very sick，prostrate，asleep，awake，idle，dying，gasping，shivering，struggling，sleeping，hidden，buried，stretched out）（=He lay and was dead；lay and gasped；etc） Something lay loose（or open，waste，idle）The field lay fallowThe road lay levelSome books lay looseThe fallen leaves lay wetThe snow lay thick on the groundThey lay scattered（or concealed）The carpet lay smoothHe lives poor（or fast）5）He married youngMany important things have passed unnoticedHe played fair（or foul）The dog played（or shammed） deadSilence reigned supremeHe ruled supremeHe returned hungry and thirstyShe rides easy in the saddle6）The sun shines bright（or dark）He sat silent（or idle，cross-legged，thinking，writing a letter，surrounded by friends）Baby sleeps easy at nightIt slid（or sprang）openHe spoke hoarse（or plain，rough，sensible）He stood silent（or firm，mute with rage，taller than me，conspicuous，gazing at something，singing，playing on the guitar，six feet high，six feet in stocking）（He stood and was silent；stood and gazed at some- thing；etc）A glass of water stood by me halffullThe pagoda stood out clearThe room stood emptyThe patients leg swells bigThe door swings shutHe talked big（or silly，wild，sensible，funny）He walks slow and lameHe wandered about naked and hungryThe screw works loose注：这种句子有一个起不及物动词作用的系动词，可以说是S+IV和S+LA+A的巧妙的结合。He talked clever可以说是He talked和 He was clever的5S+LV+N（John was a boy） 约有40个系动词可用名词或代词作补语：aHe was a teacherIt was his bookThat is he（or him）It was I（or me）I am my own manHe felt a fool（or a king，a child again，a millionaire，a free man again）He became a doctorHe commenced（archaic）writer（or carpenter）He turned（rather unexpectedly）thief（or optimist，soci