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FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISYWill you be a worker or a laborer?FOREIGN LANGUAGE T ACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGI EERING UNIVERSITY 5UNITDo not hire a man who does your work for money, but him who does it for love of it. Henry David Thoreau (American philosopher)The more I want to get something done, the less I call it work.Richard Bach (American writer) 5UNIT Will you be a worker or a laborer?To talk about workTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the essay writing skill Warming-up Activities Text Study Language Application SummaryASECTION Warming-up ActivitiesASECTION 1. What do you pay special attention to when looking for in a job? High salary and attractive benefits Bright future of career growth Less work pressure Flexible working time Achievement of self-realization 2. What does work mean to you? Just means of living Measured in terms of social status Realization of ones dream Self-improvement 1. Read the typical job characteristics below and write down the number that represents your opinion. 1.The chance of advancing to a higher position. 2.How much the job pays. 3.How much responsibility the job involves. 4.The stress level of the job. 5.The location of the office building. 1 = disagree completely 2 = agree a little3 = agree to some extent 4 = mostly agree5 = agree completely 1. Read the typical job characteristics below and write down the number that represents your opinion. 6. The work conditions. 7. Whether the job requires unusual work hours. 8. The amount of travel required. 9. Whether the job fits my personality. 10. Whether people consider the job prestigious. 1 = disagree completely 2 = agree a little3 = agree to some extent 4 = mostly agree5 = agree completely 2. Work in pairs and compare your answers. Discuss the following questions with your partner.What are the three most important factors when you choose a job? 3. What are the three most important factors when you choose a job?There are many things to consider when people are choosing a career. But for me, the following three factors affect my choice most. First, the job must fit my personality. I believe that certain occupations are more suitable for particular personality types than others. If the job really fits my personality, I will be more likely to be successful and will enjoy going to work. Second, how much the job pays. To be continued It is understandable that if I want to live an adequate life, I need to make enough money to support that standard of living. Finally, the location of the office building is also an important factor in choosing a career for me. I dont like a job that is located far away from my home, because it requires extra commute time and will surely reduce the quality time I could otherwise have spent with my family.3. What are the three most important factors when you choose a job? For four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its _ were in the teaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that is was their _ duty to work as every task to please God by their diligence, honesty, _, skill, and attitude.Listen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information. To be continuedrootsmoralattention to details To these Puritans, it was a sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bibles _. “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.” Therefore, Americans have for _ believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything.teachings centuriesListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.To be continued God would _ those who were careless or lazy in their work. Even as children they were taught, “If its worth doing at all, its worth doing well.” But some people have gone beyond the usual _. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, _, and sense of self-worth.financial positionpunishsense of diligenceListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information. To be continued In English a new world has been created to describe people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as _ as an alcoholic is to alcohol. There are _ points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics _ themselves physically and mentally. addicted to workconflictingabuseListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information. To be continued Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are _. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic _ these values.upholdsextremely productiveListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information. 1. What is “continuing education”? 2. What is “experiential learning”? Questions previewing 1. What is “continuing education”? Continuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs. Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning (死 记 硬 背 ). Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individual. 2. What is “experiential learning”? To be continued An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading about others experiences.2. What is “experiential learning”? Text StudyASECTION According to the writer, how can a person be truly happy?(Para. 1)To be truly happy, a person must feel _. People are never happy if they _ by society to do work they do not enjoy, or if what they do enjoy is ignored by society as having no _ or _ . free and importantfeel compelled valueimportance People are considered _ if their job has an _ effect on them, yet they feel compelled to continue working because of _ and the need to _ their family. The opposite of labor is _ which is a purely _; society does not care when or whether we play. How is labor different from play? (Para. 2)laborersadverseplay private pastimesocietal expectations support Between labor and play stands _. (Para. 3)workgardener city mayorworker laborer The author wants to show that the differencebetween workers and laborers does not lie in the _ (工 作 的 性 质 ) itself, be it mental or manual, of low or high esteem, but in whether a person has an _ (兴 趣 ) in his job.Why does the author make a comparison between a gardener and a well-dressed city mayor? (Para. 3)nature of the job interest Part I : (Paras. 1 3 )The introduction part, includes the first three paragraphs, providing a framework to differentiate among work, labor, and play. Introduction Section 3 (Paras. 6 8): In modern times, workers and laborers spend their _ in different ways.Section 2 (Para. 5):Workers and laborers differ in the amount of _ they derive from their jobs.Section 1 (Para. 4): Workers and laborers are different in their _ toward their work. attitude satisfactionBody leisure timePart II: (Paras.4 8) To workers: leisure means simply the hours they need to _ _ in order to work efficiently. To laborers: leisure means _ from compulsion.prone to dedicate more time to working imagine that the more hours they have free for play, the betterWhat does leisure mean to workers and laborers respectively? (Para. 4)relax and rest freedom How do workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs? (Para. 5) be happier less stressed more satisfied work with more diligence and precision a sense of personal pride daily grind wasting the time no contribution to their happiness meaningful time: spent in leisure and playUnfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being worker .Workers: Laborers: (Para. 8) Workers, unlike laborers, hurl their _ into their work, be it physical or mental. (Para. 7) _ can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers who find meaning and joy in their employment and life. (Para. 6) While social development has created much more leisure time than ever before, modern laborers spend their leisure time in _.In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways.(Paras. 6 8) fostering bad habits Lifelong learning passion Part III (Para. 9)The conclusion part summarizes that everyone has to find a job andearn a living, and that whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker? Conclusion Everyone has to find a job and earn a living. (Para. 9) slave away at a job wait all day until they go home and play. energized and focused take optimum pleasure in the task at hand a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasmWhatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker? (Paras.1 3): What are work, labor, and play? To be truly happy, a person must feel both free and important. (Para. 1)Labor is the polar opposite of play. (Para. 2)Between labor and play stands work. (Para. 3) (Paras.4 8): Workers and laborers are different in many aspects.Peoples attitude toward their work determines everything. (Para. 4)People differ in personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs. (Para. 5)In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways. (Paras. 6-8) There is more leisure time today thanever before and laborers foster many bad habits. (Para. 6)Actually, there are many opportunitiesto improve peoples minds and theirworking conditions. (Para. 7)People who enjoy their work find timepasses quickly. (Para. 8)In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways. (Paras. 6-8) (Para. 9): Whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker? The text argues, by differentiating among work, labor, and play, that interest and _ in work are important for the benefit of both _ and society. There are three major differences between workers and laborers. Firstly, workers and laborers are different in their _ toward their work. Workers will dedicate more time to _ and spend less time on leisure, enjoyment individuals attitudeworkingWill you be a worker or a laborer? To be continued whereas laborers will regard leisure as _ from compulsion and the more hours they have free for play, the better. Secondly, workers and laborers differ in the amount of _ they derive from their jobs. Workers will achieve greater _ than laborers. Thirdly, in modern times, workers and laborers spend their _ in different ways. To be continuedautonomy satisfactionhappinessleisure time While social development has created much more leisure time than ever before, modern laborers spend their leisure time in fostering _. Considering this phenomenon, _ can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers who find meaning and joy in their _ and life. bad habitslifelong learningemploymentTo be continued Moreover, workers, unlike laborers, hurl their _ into their work, be it physical or mental. Everyone has to find a job and _, and that whatever job you choose, you must _ this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker?earn a living contend withpassion 1. name only / but a few 略 举 几 例2. sink ones teeth into sth. 专 注 于 做 某 事3. slave away 拼 命 干 ； 苦 干4. count down 倒 数 ； 倒 计 时5. at hand 手 头 的 ； 需 要 马 上 处 理 的6. contend with sth. 必 须 处 理 ； 不 得 不 应 付 略 举 几 例(to name only / but a few) The international community is also offeringassistance, including the United States, Franceand China, to name only a few.name only / but a few短 语 逆 译国 际 社 会 也 在 提 供 援 助 ， 略 举 几 例 ， 如 美 国 、 法 国和 中 国 。意 群 提 示短 语 应 用 专 注 于 做 某 事(sink ones teeth into sth)Playing the part of Queen Victoria is the kind ofrole that is made for you, the kind of role youcan sink your teeth into. sink ones teeth into sth.短 语 应 用 维 多 利 亚 女 王 这 个 角 色 ， 就 是 为 你 而 设 ， 是 一 个 你能 倾 情 投 入 的 角 色 。意 群 提 示 短 语 逆 译 拼 命 干 ； 苦 干(slave away/notation signs/old-fashioned)After slaving away at the computer keyboard,you then still have to write notation signs byhand, the old-fashioned way. slave away 辛 辛 苦 苦 用 电 脑 键 盘 输 入 后 ， 你 还 得 按 老 办 法 手 工写 上 注 释 符 号 。意 群 提 示 短 语 逆 译短 语 应 用 倒 数 ； 倒 计 时A giant electronic display is counting down the days to the start of the Pan-American Games here. count down 一 块 巨 大 的 电 子 显 示 屏 对 即 将 在 此 举 行 的 泛 美运 动 会 进 行 倒 计 时 。意 群 提 示(count down / Pan-American Games) 短 语 逆 译短 语 应 用 手 头 的 ； 需 要马 上 处 理 的(at hand/ most likely ) If they would take a few seconds to understandthe problem at hand, they would most likely findan easy answer and without needing a calculator. at hand 如 果 他 们 花 上 一 点 时 间 去 弄 懂 手 头 的 题 目 ， 则 极 有可 能 不 需 要 计 算 器 就 能 找 到 一 个 简 单 的 答 案 。意 群 提 示 短 语 逆 译短 语 应 用 必 须 处 理 ；不 得 不 应 付(contend with/ financial year ) Euro Disney had to contend with many difficulties when its first financial year came to an end. 当 第 一 个 财 年 结 束 时 ， 欧 洲 迪 斯 尼 乐 园 不 得 不去 应 对 很 多 的 困 难 。意 群 提 示 contend with sth.短 语 逆 译短 语 应 用 What is sth. from the point of view of A is sth. else from the point of view of B. 用 于 表 达 “ 不 同 的 人 对 待同 一 件 事 有 不 同 的 看 法 ” 。 Sb. hurl the passion into sth. Or doing sth., be it like/such as, orlike/such as 用 于 举 例 说 明 “ 某 人 执 着地 做 某 事 ” 。 But while A is doing sth., B is doing sth. else. 用 于 对 比 “ 不 同 人 不 同 的做 事 风 格 ” 。 社 会 上 看 来 一 定 是 苦 工 的 事 情 对 个 人 来 说 却是 自 在 的 玩 乐 活 动 。原 句 译 文逆 译 练 习What is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individuals personal point of view. (Para. 3)句 型 提 炼 What is sth. from the point of view of A is sth. else from the Bs point of view.句 型 提 炼应 用 提 示用 于 表 达 “ 不 同 的 人 对 待 同 一 件 事 有 不 同 的看 法 ” 。 句 型 应 用 (elderly people/weird dressing)典 型 例 句 在 老 年 人 看 来 是 怪 异 的 打 扮 对 年 轻 人 来 说却 是 时 尚 。意 群 提 示What is weird dressing from the point of view of elderly people is fashion from the point of view of young people. 无 论 是 铁 匠 的 体 力 活 ， 还 是 像 科 学 家 或 艺 术家 从 事 的 偏 脑 力 的 活 ， 他 们 在 工 作 中 都 会 投入 激 情 。原 句 译 文逆 译 练 习They hurl their passion into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or more mental like that of a scientist or an artist. (Para. 8) 句 型 提 炼 Sb. hurl the passion into sth. or doing sth., be it like/such as, or like/such as 句 型 提 炼应 用 提 示用 于 举 例 说 明 “ 某 人 执 着 地 做 某 事 ” 。句 型 应 用 (donate money / oil spills) 典 型 例 句 公 众 为 我 们 的 事 业 捐 款 ， 为 灾 难 受 害 者 捐 款 ， 无 论 是地 震 之 类 的 自 然 灾 难 ， 还 是 石 油 泄 漏 之 类 人 为 之 灾 。意 群 提 示The public hurl their passion into donating money to our cause and for the victims of disasters, be it natural, such as earthquakes, or man-made, such as oil spills. 但 是 当 劳 役 者 倒 数 着 时 间 之 时 ， 工 作 者 则 干劲 十 足 ， 全 神 贯 注 ， 从 手 头 的 任 务 中 享 受 到最 大 的 快 乐 。原 句 译 文逆 译 练 习But while laborers are counting down the hours, workers are energized and focused, taking optimum pleasure in the task at hand. (Para. 9) 句 型 提 炼 But while A. is doing sth., B is doing sth. else.句 型 提 炼应 用 提 示用 于 对 比 “ 不 同 人 不 同 的 做 事 风 格 ” 。句 型 应 用 (quitter/struggler/dawdle away ones time)典 型 例 句但 是 当 懒 人 在 虚 度 光 阴 的 时 候 ， 奋 斗 者 则 目 标坚 定 、 信 心 十 足 ， 在 努 力 工 作 中 品 尝 到 成 功 的喜 悦 。意 群 提 示But while quitters are dawdling away their time, strugglers are determined and confident, tasting the joy of success in their hard working. a. In a society where slavery inthe strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves “wage slaves”. (Para. 1, L3) 在 一 个 奴 隶 制 度 严格 说 来 已 经 被 废 除 的 社 会里 ， 工 作 的 社 会 含 义 、 工作 的 价 值 和 薪 水 ， 已 经 把许 多 劳 役 者 降 格 为 现 代 奴隶 “ 薪 奴 ” 。 b. Workers who enjoy their jobs will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives. They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostered a sense of personal pride in their jobs.(Para. 5, L2) 工 作 者 喜 欢 自 己 的 工 作 ，感 觉 更 快 乐 ， 更 轻 松 ， 通常 对 自 己 的 生 活 更 满 意 。他 们 工 作 起 来 也 会 更 勤 奋 ，更 精 细 ， 因 为 他 们 对 自 己的 工 作 已 经 产 生 了 一 种 自豪 感 。 c. On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesnt contribute to their happiness. (Para. 5, L5) 相 反 ， 由 于 劳 役 者 的 唯 一动 力 是 挣 生 活 费 ， 他 们 觉得 每 天 花 在 苦 差 上 的 时 间是 一 种 浪 费 ， 不 会 让 自 己快 乐 。 d. By choosing a job that is both useful to society and personally fulfilling, workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasm that improves their whole lives.(Para. 9, L4) 他 们 通 过 选 择 一 份 有益 社 会 、 成 就 自 我 的工 作 ， 怀 揣 着 一 种 使命 感 和 热 情 ， 提 升 了自 己 的 整 个 生 活 。 1. How does technology change peoples work and life?2. How can a person foster love for his work?3. Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? New technology clearly enables us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away from our jobs and tune out. Technology may make us more responsive, more capable of gaining access to information over a broader spectrum. Technology is basically1 How does technology change peoples work and life? to be continued With new technology, we are working harder and are more enslaved to our work than before. We are walking around with laptops or with portable phones. Were becoming slaves to high technology. Theres no escape.1 How does technology change peoples work and life? Start with a positive and right attitude, for the right attitude toward work makes it much easier to accept and do it. Put interest into work. Once you have the enthusiasm, it becomes easy to start things.2 How can a person foster love for his work?to be continued Create favorable surroundings when doing the work. Always reflect on what you have achieved, which will give you a sense of pride and fulfillment.2 How can a person foster love for his work? I will be a worker, for a worker is someone who has an interest in and a strong love for his work, who is more dedicated to and more satisfied with his work than a laborer would be.3 Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? I think its possible that I will choose to be a laborer someday. Its never the case that we do anything completely in accordance with our own interest. We have to meet the expectations of the ones we love and we have to be the breadwinner for our family. Anyway, we shouldnt ignore the needs and opinions of our family members when we are planning our careers.3 Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? Respect for authority or equality (responses to decision-making) Interpersonal harmony or competition (facing divergences) People orientation or problem orientation (ways of dealing with problems) Self-deprecating or self-presentational (patterns of expressing viewpoints) Being cautious or adventurous (styles of making plans)Make a comparison and contrast between Chinese and American values involved in daily workplace. Watch the two video clips of Modern Family and discuss the following questions.Q1: Do you think Andy a qualified manny?Q2: What do you think people will choose: a low-paid job one likes, or a boring well-paid job? Watching the contrast shows how they differ. The following steps provide a guide for a successful essay.to be continuedDevelop a comparison / contrast essay1 Be sure the subjects are similar. Your subjects must belong to the same general group (cars, f
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