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Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. Kenya ICT Board Monitoring and Evaluation Survey Results22 ND November 2011 Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 2 AgendaqProject Backgroundq Market Overview (Key Indicators 2010, Kenya IT Market Value (US$M) Forecast 2010-2015, Kenya IT spend by Vertical segments)q ICT Ecosystem Overview - Vendor Survey (market Structure, challenges, opportunities, Vendors performance, outlook)q International Benchmarkingq ICT Skills Survey Highlightsq Residential Usage and Penetration Highlights q Business Survey Highlightsq Recommendations Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 3 Project Background Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. BackgroundSurvey Objectivesq Understanding the Kenyan ICT Ecosystem and trends in the market.q Sizing the ICT Market and its sub segments (hardware, software, services, etc) in Kenya. q Compiling a baseline of key ICT KPIsq Benchmarking key Kenya ICT indicators against six countriesq Understanding the ICT Skills availability, demand and gaps Survey Highlightsq Aims to provide ground-breaking primary research that encompasses numerous market sub -segments and different stakeholdersq It will leverage on existing secondary market research in order to consolidate existing discrete market informationq It will have a repeat cycle to gauge the progress and impact of KICTB and other stakeholders initiatives.q The survey is consultative as well where multiple stakeholders are both respondents (i.e. What are your issues?) and also beneficiaries (i.e. What to do?)q Timely to augment development of existing KICTB projects Pasha centres (rural access) , Tandaa (digital content), Wezesha (asset financing) as well as other government ICT initiatives Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 5 Kenya ICT Market Overview Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 6 Market OverviewKenya ICT Market Key IndicatorsVolume of international traffic (Mbps) 2 0 ,2 0 9 .5 6 Mbps International Internet bandwidth, Mbps per 1 0 ,0 0 0 population 4 .2Number of Computers per 1 0 0 inhabitants 2 .4% of households with a personal computer 6 .3 %Total number of Internet Subscriptions 4 ,7 1 6 ,9 7 7Total number of internet users 1 0 ,1 9 9 ,8 3 6 % of population with Internet Access 2 5 .9 %Internet subscribers as % of total population 1 1 .5 %Total number of main fixed lines (fixed lines plus fixed wireless) 3 8 0 ,7 4 8Total number of mobile subscriptions 2 4 ,9 6 8 ,8 9 1Number of .Ke domain names 1 8 ,0 0 0 .0 0 % of organizations with a website 9 0 .0 % of full time employees who use internet for work at least once a week 5 2 .1 4 % Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 7 Market Overview ICT Spending by Technology Areas Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 8 Market Overview Spending by Vertical Sectors Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 9 Kenya ICT Ecosystem Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 10 Kenya ICT EcosystemStructure Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 11 Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 1/2qThere are an estimated 20-30 vendors present in the market most of whom rely on a small pool of major distributors and Tier 1 Value Added Resellers (VARs) and Dealers who combined account for the bulk of ICT Business in Kenya estimated at nearly 50-60%.qOn average PC and Printer vendors each have between three to four distributors and at least six other partners (dealers and systems integrators) each at different market levels. qAt the lower part of the pyramid are Tier 2 VARs and dealers, estimated to number more than 100 players and whose focus is part of the SME segment, the SMME and home user segment. These are players who typically do not have a country wide presence and would largely be found operating at a provincial level or even a national level (where SMEs have such a presence to require nationwide services) but at a smaller scale nonetheless.qThese Tier 2 firms are mostly Kenyan owned companies serving other Kenyan owned businesses and occasionally securing parts of relatively good contracts in the government and education segments, where procurement of goods or services may require a local player. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 12 Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 2/2qThe Tier I players largely comprise companies with both a national and regional presence, and in most instances are majority foreign owned companies spinning off regional offices in South Africa, UAE, India among other countries. qOwing to having a good foothold in their parent regions, coupled with access to industry best practices, fairly solid skills bases and access to capital, such companies have been able to target the market segment that includes multinational companies (MNCs), large enterprises and government, where such credentials bear heavily on decision making at this level. qVendor competition on channel partnerships has intensified with main distributors being sought after by other vendors to leverage on their reseller network. Thus multiple brand handling by the channels is the norm even for channel partners who were loyal to certain vendors. qThe channel is maturing fast with thinning out of grey shipments.qTelcos and telco channels are now selling PCs. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 13 Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 2/2qVendors are keen on setting up offices in Kenya to serve the East and Central Africa region. qVendors with a local presence enhance the brand image significantly as well as improve logistical support and increased marketing campaigns. qWith more vendors setting up locally, the market has seen an increase in both the number of channel partners.qGovernment initiatives including infrastructure development, regulatory reforms (licencing frameworks), investment in public access centres, e-government projects, content creation, device subsidies, have all had a very positive effect in transforming the market, stimulating investment, ICT uptake and bolstering confidence in the overall ICT market.Thus vendors have registered positive growth over the last three years of between 15-15% in business and with some posting growth in headcount of between 25-50% Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 14 Kenya ICT EcosystemKenya as a regional Hub Among the countries Kenya based vendors have reach into from their Kenyan hub include: Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia and Southern Sudan.Kenya is without doubt the regional hub for most vendors with a regional reach spanning between three to six countries on average for vendors. Aside from being a hub, it is also a stepping stone for these vendors to set up operations in neighbouring countries but still maintaining somewhat centralized marketing, inventory and support functions at regional levels. Inherent in this structure are various opportunities including training, skills transfer, overall higher employment, technology leadership and increased investment. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 15 Kenya ICT EcosystemChallenges facedChallengesqCurrency fluctuation affecting importsqOverall low purchasing power especially in 2011 with high inflation putting pressure on disposable income.qTaxation on consumable products and unclear taxation framework to define various ICT imports.qProduct/Service quality perception vis a vis other competing products/services in the market (e.g. pro-West stance or pro-more established brands)qLengthy customs procedures - demurrage costs passed on to users therefore higher prices.qSourcing highly qualified talent.qDoing business with the government procurement laws. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 16 Market OpportunitiesqSkills development.qFurther infrastructure investment mainly last mile access and quality of existing networks is crucial for more pervasive adoption.qReform tax environment to attract ICT investors.qAddressing the problem of counterfeit products (consumables, devices) , with support of relevant government departments (in terms of scrutiny, enforcement and standards). The success experienced by counterfeiters illustrates there is good demand for products.qSkills gaps are opportunities where channel partners can intervene themselves rather than leave it up to vendors to acquire and maintain the skills. Channel partners can develop their own existing staff to meet some of these positions and leave the vendor to have a basic presence - a sort of shift down the tier and in line with the earlier stated objective to deepen intimacy with customers and strengthen the channel. qOverall growth in the IT market will continue to stimulate growth in other areas.qEnhance the platform for increasing regional reach. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 17 Kenya ICT EcosystemVendors Market Outlookq Investing in specific ICT Skills like mobile applications development and setting up innovation hubs.qVendors have deliberate strategies to develop and use more local talent than imported.qSetting up innovation funds at academic levels and for developer groupsqEntry of products relevant to the local market and environment (e.g. solar powered devices) qIncreased participation in government driven ICT programmes.q Watching very keenly on developments with the Konza Digital City with a view to enhancing presence and regional investment. qDeepen customer relations as more intimacy is needed in the market. qReforming go to market strategies in line with a changing ecosystem underpinned by technological and other developments. qIncrease presence in the region, headcount and channel partnerships.qEnhance vertical sector and product specializations skills, products, GTM approach.q Focus on infrastructure issues and how to address how lack of adequate infrastructure (power) affects uptake. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 18 Benchmarking Kenya Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 19 Benchmarking Internet Users vs Connections as a % of populationqIn more developed countries the total number of connections vis a vis the number of users are evenly spreadqIn countries like Kenya, Nigeria and Morocco, there are lower numbers of connections but higher number of users indicating most connections are shared connections and largely comprise business connections (including publicly accessible connections like cyber cafes, education institutions). Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 20 Benchmarking Total Internet vs Household penetrationqKenya has a higher internet penetration vis a vis South Africa but mainly bolstered by mobile internet connections though with a lower proportion of households connected owing to a declining fixed network and poor development of DSL based services. qKenya compares much better than both Nigeria and Rwanda on both countsqEgypt has a much higher overall and household internet penetration with a huge gap between Kenya of almost 25 percentage points at household level. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 21 BenchmarkingComputer PenetrationqKenya has slightly higher PC penetration rates than Nigeria and Rwanda but still very far behind South Africa and Morocco, mostly owing to lower disposable income than these countries. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 22 BenchmarkingHousehold Internet Access vs Household PC AccessqIn terms of PC Access at the household level, Kenya is only better than Rwanda. qIt should be noted that Nigeria as a manufacturer of PCs (Zinox brand) that are locally affordable, accounts for much higher PC penetration at household levels but negligible household internet penetration given infrastructure issues (submarine cables arrived way after they did in East Africa) Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 23 BenchmarkingBusiness Internet UsageqIn terms of business usage of the internet, Kenya is nearly on par with more developed countries like Egypt and Morocco and slightly ahead of Nigeria Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 24 BenchmarkingBroadband Access TariffsqDespite additional capacity, cost of broadband is still a factor for business vis a vis other countries.qNigeria has recently got a lot of international bandwidth but constrained somewhat by back bone, last mile access and electricity challenges.qLandlocked Rwanda largely relies on bandwidth from operators in neighbouring countries. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 25 IT Skills Survey Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. IT Skills Survey Highlights IT Employment by ProfessionOf the total IT employment in Kenya (27,000 IT professionals in 2010), IT support people represent the largest portion (27%), followed by Applications Systems Analysts and System Engineers (13% each). The structure of IT professions is slightly different for IT companies and end-users. W h i l e t h e I T m a n a g e m e n t a n d administration professions prevail in the end-user segment, IT companies employ m o r e I T d e v e l o p m e n t - r e l a t e d professionals. Source: IDC IT Skills Model Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 27 IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand Prediction by ProfessionsRoughly 9600 IT professionals are expected to be added to the Kenyan IT workforce.The demand for individual IT p r o f e s s i o n s d i f f e r s b y profession. Software Developers (at 70% growth) and Project Managers (at 57% growth) are the professions expected to grow the fastest over the period 2011-2013. Source: IDC IT Skills Model Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 28 IT Skills Survey Highlights Availability of IT ProfessionalsApplication Systems Analysts and Software Developers are the IT professions that are least available. Approximately 45% of respondents reported they are very difficult or difficult to find. On the contrary, IT Support people and IT Administrators are much easier to find only for less than 10% of respondents, they were reported as very difficult of difficult to find. Source: IDC IT Skills ResearchN = 158Source: Business Survey Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 29 IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand/Availability Matrix for IT Professions New jobs growth between 2011 and 2013% of companies repor ted very difficult or difficult to find MonitorConsider FocusA v a i l a b i l i t y D i f f i c u l t E a s y DemandLow High Software developerApplication Systems Analyst IT Project ManagerSystem EngineerIT Manager/ Director IT Consultant Web DesignerIT SupportIT Administrator Team Leader Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 30 IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand Prediction by IT SkillsThe demand for individual IT professions differs. The most growing demand will be seen for IT Project Management Skills (136%) and Software development skills (135%). IT Administration and HW skills are projected to grow at the lowest rate less than 12%. Source: IDC IT Skills Model Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 31 IT Skills Survey Highlights Availability of IT SkillsSoftware development/deployment the view was expressed that the gap between theory and practice needs to be bridged via mediums such as internships Source: Business Survey Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 36 IT Skills Survey Highlights Overall business perception of IT Skills Roughly a quarter of companies are not satisfied with the quality of IT professionals from educational institutions in KenyaApproximately a third of companies have contacted or plan to contact external providers to manage the skills shortages.Roughly half of the respondents believe that the lack of IT skills significantly impacts business and IT operations not all the educational institutions are adequately networked Scarcity of experienced faculty and a general shortage of teaching skills for technology; it was also indicated that it is tough for educational institutions to match private sector pay Last-mile connectivity to rural areas was also cited as an inhibitor. This severely limits the availability and accessibility of internet, both from a quality and price perspective Quality of education: The view was expressed by more than one interviewee that skills obtained from many colleges and institutions are not adequate for the industry. Consistency of curriculum was a common theme, with the lack of guidelines emphasized. The watered-down value of certifications and lack of market-relevant courses in some educational institutions were other themes. General lack of understanding of IT as a career Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 38 IT Skills Survey Highlights Inhibitors - Businesses viewQ. In your opinion, what are the key factors hampering the availability of IT skilled professionals in the country? Source: Business Survey Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 39 Residents Survey Highlights Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. IT Skills Survey Highlights IT companies view of inhibitors of IT skills Some large ICT companies were of the opinion that that the overall skills pool in the Kenyan market is rather limited. The view was also expressed that there is more of a gap at the advanced skills level as many IT professionals with advanced skills leave the Kenyan market while there is not much of an influx of experienced professionals from abroad. Another related issue is loyalty and attrition; IT professionals are perceived as migratory and there seems to be a fair bit of poaching; an opinion which is consistent with the business survey where 80% of the companies indicated that attrition has a minor to significant impact on their organizations. Frequency and size of IT projects: The view was expressed that there may not be enough big IT projects that can result in a large pool of skilled personnel, consequently there are not enough projects that allow professionals to exhibit or develop their skills. Availability of lower cost imported ICT labour was also cited as an inhibitor to skills supply. Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 41 IT Professionals from abroadIT Skills Survey Highlights Gap analysis framework Unqualified supply or Skills mismatch Students who go abroad or pursue higher studies Brain drain especially at higher Skill levels GapDemand AttritionTraining/ Re-trainingMove to management tracks Gaps filled by expats for short-term project duration Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. 42 IT Skills Survey Highlights Dimensions of the gap in IT skills Gap in IT professionalsHigher-level gaps Shortage of experienced IT personnel Poaching and moving abroad i.e. brain drain reported; also technical staff moving to management tracks Experienced professionals from abroad not coming in Technical gapsEnterprise/busine
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