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CyberspaceBook 2 Unit 4 基础知识排查重点短语突破 句法与语法突破五年高考 最新模拟重点单词突破 1 基 础 知 识 排 查1.likely adj.有可能的；adv.很可能2.concept n.概念3.chart n.表格，图表4.fashion n.时髦，时尚e true(愿望、梦想等)实现 重点识记词汇 6.affect vt.影响7.attack n.&vt.攻击，进攻8.write down写下；记下9.crash vt.(汽车、飞机等)撞毁；坠毁10.tourism n.观光，旅游tourist n.游客11.as if似乎；好像12.obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的13.project n.课题；方案；工程 14.hang on别挂电话，稍等15.get in touch取得联络16.be up to做，从事于17.fancy vt.想要做；幻想18.in the flesh本人亲自19.reject vt.拒绝；不接受20.guide n.指南；导游，向导21.view n.景色，风景；观点，看法 22.average adj.平均的；n.平均数23.scenery n.风景，景色 (总称)24.be known as作为而著称；被认为是25.millionaire n.百万富翁million n.百万26.reality n.真实，现实realize vt.实现27.settle vi.定居settlement n.(新)定居地28.crime n.犯罪；罪行criminal adj.犯罪的29.growth n.增长；生长grow v.增长，生长；种植 30.focus vi.集中注意focus on集中注意力在上31.suggestion n.建议，提议suggest vt.建议，提议32.arrangement n.安排，布置arrange vt.安排，布置33.entertainment n.娱乐；款待entertain vt.款待，招待；使娱乐34.disappear vi.消失disappearance n.消失appearance n.出现；外表 35.optimistic adj.乐观的be optimistic/pessimistic about对乐观(悲观)36.harm vt.&n.伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.没有危害的37.scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家38.historical adj.历史的，有关历史的historic adj.历史上有名的(重要的)，有历史记载的39.locate vt.坐落于；位于location n.场所，位置，所在地 40.regular adj.定期的；有规律的regularly adv.定期地；有规律地41.officially adv.正式地；官方地official adj.官方的，官员的42.attractive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n.魅力，吸引力attract vt.吸引；诱惑；引起注意 1.“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”“很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”2.Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday?你周六、周日有什么安排吗？ 必背经典句式 3.Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.有些专家看到了虚拟现实中我们的未来计算机通过声音和图像使你感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。4.But I still find it hard to imagine.但是我仍然觉得难以想象。 en- enable /IneIbl/vt.使能够；使成为可能；使实现encourage /InkrId/vt.鼓励；支持；促进enlarge /Inld/vt.扩大；扩充；放大(照片)；vi.增大 构词记忆 2 重 点 单 词 突 破1 likely adj.有可能的；adv.(与most，very连用)很可能应试指导写作高分句式：It is likely that.多词一义likely，possible，probable be likely to do.可能做It is likely that.可能做It is possible (for sb.) to do.(某人)可能做It is possible that.可能It is probable that.很可能Not likely.不会；绝不可能。 Very likely hed told them he had American business interests.很可能他已经告诉他们自己拥有美国商业利益。Its more than likely that global warming will increase in the next twenty years.在未来的20年全球变暖极有可能进一步加剧。 (1)They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault._(用it作形式主语改写句子)(2)他很有可能会赢得这场比赛。(一句多译)_ 夯实基础It is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault.Its very likely that he will win the game.He is very likely to win the game. 2 focus v.集中(concentrate)；聚焦n.中心点；焦点多词一义focus ones attention on，fix ones attention on，concentrate on，put ones heart into focus.on/upon.把集中于bring.into focus使成为焦点in focus对准焦点；清晰out of focus没对准焦点；不清晰It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.这表明现今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。 (福建书面表达) In pursuing a dream，we might focus on only one way of making it come true，forgetting that there may be alternatives.在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能仅仅集中于使梦想实现的一种方法上，而忘了还有另外的方法。 (北京开放作文)However，Interfax，the Russian news agency，quoted an unnamed source as saying investigators were now focusing on a man.不过，俄罗斯国际文传电讯社(Interfax)援引一位匿名消息人士的话称，调查人员正在追查一名男子。 联想记忆表示“把集中于”的同义词组有：concentrate on，fix ones attention on，be lost in，be absorbed in，be buried in，be devoted to等。 夯实基础(1)语法填空The relationship will be focus today when monthly trade balance data are released.Dont go too fast or youll get focus.Bring the subject focus if you want to have a good picture. in out ofinto With his attention (focus) on his homework，he forgot all about what I had told him._(focus) his attention on urgent problems，he has hardly time to play games with you.focusedHaving focused (2)他集中精力学习。(一句多译)_(focus)_(fix)_(absorb)_(apply)_(concentrate)He focused his attention on his study.He fixed his attention on his study.He was absorbed in his study.He applied himself to his study. He concentrated his attention on his study. 3 affect v.影响(influence)；打动；侵袭，使感染(attack)be affected with high fever发高烧affect sb.to tears把某人感动得流泪have an effect on对有影响应试指导非谓语形式作状语的考查 夯实基础同义句改写(1)The new system will affect our life.The new system will _ _ _ _ our life.(2)The condition made lots of people ill these days.The condition _ lots of people these days.have an effect/influenceonaffectedShe was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。 4 harm n.伤害；损害；vt.损害；危害应试指导harm短语在写作中的应用 do/cause harm to对造成伤害do sb.harmdo harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人有害mean no harm无恶意There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处be harmful to.对有害 These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.最近这段日子，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境都造成了极大的危害。(安徽书面表达) 2 9 夯实基础(1)Fruit juice can (对造成损害) childrens teeth.(2)He _(无恶意) by saying what he thinks，but people tend to be upset by it.do/cause harm tomeans no harm 3 0 5 suggestion n.建议，提议；迹象(trace)；暗示make a suggestion提建议at ones suggestion在某人的建议下suggest v.建议；暗示；表明suggest (sb.s) doing sth.建议(某人)做suggest sth.to sb.向某人建议某事It is suggested that.(should) do.提出建议 Someone suggested sending him to the US for treatment.有人建议送他去美国治疗。He suggested that the work (should) be started at once.他建议立即动工。 特别提醒(1)suggest作“建议”解，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；作“暗示；表明”讲时，引导的从句不用虚拟语气。(2)suggest后不接双宾语，可表达为suggest sth.to sb.或suggest to sb.that.。 夯实基础语法填空(1)His suggestion is that we _(go) to watch the football match.(2)His accent suggests that he _(be) from Sichuan.(3)Bill suggested _(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.(4)What a mistake!Yes.I had suggested his _(do) it another way，but without success. (should) goisholding doing 3 4 6 arrangement n.安排应试指导日常活动类写作常用词汇 make arrangements/an arrangement for.为做安排arrange v.安排；筹备；整理；排列；布置arrange (for) sth.安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange with sb.to do sth.与某人安排好做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 I have made all the arrangements for the travel.我已经作好了旅行的一切准备。Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?你安排好周末与马克会面了吗？特别提醒不能说arrange sb.to do sth.，且arrange后跟that从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。 夯实基础(1)根据汉语提示填空Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow _(已准备就绪).I have _ _ (安排Tom开车去接) the experts at the airport.Then Im to _(安排接见) Mr.Wang.In a word，all _(我们做出的安排) were completed.has been arranged arranged for Tom to pick up arrange to meetthe arrangements we made (2)He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week._(改为复合句)He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. 7 settle v.结束；决定；确定；(使)定居；平静下来多词一义settle，solve，work out，figure out 4 0 settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来settle down to开始专心做(to是介词)settle in定居；习惯于；适应settle on/upon决定；选定 But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。 夯实基础(1)They finally settled to buy the car._(用动名词改写句子)(2)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed. _(用with复合结构改写句子) _(用独立主格结构改写句子) They finally settled on buying the car.With the problem settled, they were happy and relaxed.The problem settled, they were happy and relaxed. 8 view n.(个人的)看法(opinion)，意见；观看；看；视野；(从某处看到的)景色，风景；v.把视为；把看作；看；考虑多词一义in ones (point of) view，in ones opinion，personally，as far as one is concerned point of view观点，看法in/out of view在视线范围内/外in ones viewin the view of sb.依照某人的观点in view of鉴于，考虑到come into view出现在眼前 Well go and view the house before we buy it.在买房前我们先去看一看房子。Jang Song Thaek had long been viewed as the most experienced，cosmopolitan (世界性的) member of the elite.张成泽长期被视为朝鲜精英阶层中经验最丰富、最具世界眼光的成员。 夯实基础写出下列句子中view的汉语意思(1)In this lecture，I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. _(2)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. _观点，看法风景 (3)If we sit near the front of the bus，well have a b e t t e r v i e w . _(4)I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released. _(5)We can view the problem in many ways. _视野观看考虑 9 average adj.平均的；普通的(normal)；典型的(typical)；n.平均数；平均水平；v.平均为；计算出的平均数(be equal to.as an average)应试指导完形填空高频词汇 an average of.的平均数up to the average接近一般水准above/below average高于/低于平均水平on (the/an) average平均地；通常；按平均值 Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a hundred.算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。American shares rose，on average，by 38%.美国股票价格平均上涨了38%。 夯实基础(1)_(通常) we would be spending 300 per day.(2)Teachers usually like students，whose schoolwork is _(在平均水平以上).On (an)averageabove average 3 重 点 短 语 突 破1 get in touch取得联系be in touch (with)(和有)接触，联络keep/get in touch (with)保持联络；不落后lose (be out of) touch with和失去(中断)联系对的情况生疏touch on谈及；提及 5 3 Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.和朋友们保持联系在友谊中很重要。His talk did not touch on the housing problem.他的谈话没有提及住房问题。 夯实基础你能与那家公司取得联系吗？(一句多译)(1) (touch)(2) (contact v.)(3) (contact n.)Can you get in touch with the company?Can you contact the company?Can you get in contact with the company? 2 hang on不挂断；稍等(hold on)；(to)紧紧握住(hold tightly)；坚持，不放弃(continue doing，not give up)应试指导(1)hang on在交际用语中的考查(2)“hang副词”类语境词义辨析 hang out逗留；闲荡hang ones head(因羞愧)低下头hang back退缩；踌躇不前hang up (on sb.)(对某人)挂断电话get/have the hang of sth.学会做某事的技巧 Can you hang on for a minute?你能不能稍等一会儿？The President has been trying hard to hang on to power.总统一直在设法抓住权力不放。 夯实基础选词填空hang on，hang out，hang back，hang up(1)I saw him step forward for a moment but then _，nervously.(2) _a minute；Im nearly ready.(3)He said hed call again，and _ on me.hang backHang on hung up (4)Whats the sense of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply _ for a while?(5)Jack almost fell off the cliff，but managed to _ until help came. hang out hang on 3 up to取决于；到达(某数量、程度等)应试指导熟词新义的考查 be up to (doing) sth.胜任(做)某事；正在忙于(做)某事be up to sb.由某人决定be up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用) You can play up to 30 games at one time.你可以一次进行多达30个游戏。We have no doubt that the Russian authorities will be up to the task.我们深信俄罗斯政府能够胜任这项任务。Do you want to stay or go？Its up to you.你要留下还是要走呢？由你决定。 夯实基础(1)What would you like to do? Doing shopping or going to the cinema? _(由你决定).Whatever you want to do is fine with me.(2)What are you doing now?_(用up to改写句子)(3)我的车最多能坐4个人。(翻译句子)_Its up to youWhat are you up to now？I can take up to four people in my car. 4 be/become known as.被称为；作为而出名；叫作be known for.因而出名 be known to.为所知(强调对象) (修饰known，用well，其比较级与最高级分别为better known，best known)be famous for.因而著名be famous as.作为而著名(接职务、身份类名词)(famous的比较级为more famous) Hangzhou is known/famous for its beautiful scenery.杭州因其美景而出名。He is known to most people as a good actor.大多数人都知道他是一名好演员。 夯实基础(1)语法填空Shaanxi food is also known _its liberal use of vinegar and garlic.Lu Xun was known _ a great writer.It is known _ us all that the earth goes around the sun.forasto (2)He was known as a writer and was invited to attend the meeting._(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)Known as a writer，he was invited to attend the meeting. 5 as well as也；既又；不但而且；和一样应试指导主谓一致的考查 (1)A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数随A的人称和数的变化而变化。(2)as well as用于同级比较，表示“和一样好”，在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。 I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.我从未停止对读书的热爱，因为书籍既像是我生活中的好朋友也像是我的良师。 (江西书面表达)The new air zone has raised regional tensions between China and its neighbors，as well as the US.中国的新防空识别区引发了中国与邻邦以及与美国的地区紧张态势。 夯实基础语法填空(1)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_ _(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2)My sister，as well as her classmates who _(be) late for class， _(be)criticized by Mr.Smith.(3)The family as well as their dog _ (trap) on the roof by the flood.interviewed waswerewas were trapped (4)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes _ _(send) to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.(5)The famous musician，as well as his students， _ _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. hasbeen sent wasinvited 4 句 法 与 语 法 突 破 .，“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”， “很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”句型公式 It is clear that. (1)It is clear that.句型中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。常用于这种结构的形容词有：strange，obvious，certain，important，possible，natural，surprising，interesting，likely，unusual等。(2)在It is necessary/important/ strange/ natural/ impossible/ essential/a pity.that.中，从句中的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should可省略。 It is obvious that she is popular with students.很明显，她很受学生们的欢迎。It is important that we (should) discuss the plan.重要的是我们该讨论这个计划。 7 6 夯实基础翻译句子(1)他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。_(2)明天早点出发这是个好建议。_Its a great pity that they didnt get married.It is a good suggestion that we (should) start early tomorrow. 句型公式 as if/though引导表语从句和状语从句2 Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.有些专家看到了虚拟现实中我们的未来计算机通过声音和图像使你感到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。 (1)as if/though可引导表语从句和状语从句。若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来相反的情况，从句谓语动词用would/could do。(2)如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。(3)as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。It looked as if it had been spray-painted.它看起来好像是喷过漆的。 夯实基础语法填空(1)The patient opened his mouth as if _(say) something.(2)He talks about Hong Kong as if he _(be) there before.(3)Jackie looks after his younger sister as if he _(be) an adult. to sayhad beenwere 3 单元语法语法填空(1)Look at the dark clouds.It _(rain).(2)Ann is in hospital.Oh，really？I didnt know.I _(go) and visit her.(3)If I _(be) you，I _(seize) the chance to go abroad. is going to rainwill gowere would seize (4)If I _(see) him tomorrow，I would invite him home.(5)If you _(take) my advice，you _ _(cry) over your failure now.should see/were to see/sawhad taken wouldntbe crying 5 五 年 高 考 最 新 模 拟.短文改错 (2014新课标全国) My dream school starts at 8：30 a.m.and ends at 3：30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afte r n o o n . We d i d n t n e e d t o d o s o m a n y homework.Therefore，we have more time with after-school activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 高考题组 My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends. 8 4 答案 .写作常用句翻译1.父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺好道路。(arrange) (2013福建书面表达)_2.我完全同意这种观点。(view) (2012浙江书面表达)_Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.I cant agree more with this view. 3.它使我们学校又脏又令人不愉快，伤害了学校形象。(harm) (2011浙江书面表达)_ _4.大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年引起10万人死亡。(affect) (2010广东基础写作)_It makes our school dirty and unpleasant，and does harm to the image of our school.Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year. 5.因为我认为这项活动不但对学生和社会有益，也对我有好处。(as well as) (2010天津书面表达)_Because I think this activity will be beneficial to me as well as the students and the society. 模拟题组.语法填空1.My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.2.It is known _ us that the city of Auckland is known _ the City of Sails.3.Dont handle the vase as if it _(make) of steel.(should) to were made as 4.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I _(have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.5.The old man stood there with his eyes _(focus) on the picture.6.But UK commercial flights to the cities _(affect) by the travel guidance were suffering disruptions.7.Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had _(settle) in the new country.had focusedaffectedsettling 8.It looks _ if you are ill.You should go to see the doctor.9.James Cameron，who is famous _ great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.10. _ is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.as forIt .单句改错1.In the past ten years，his attention has focused on this problem. _2.They offered me the computer with 1,000 yuan. _ 3.Exposing yourself too long to the sunlight makes great harm to your skin. _has后加上beenwithformakesdoes 4.I can hardly fancy George reads such difficult books. _ 5.He accepted the suggestion that the meeting was put off._ 6.Having been settled in the countryside for ten years，he has got used to the life there. _7.His dream that he wants to be a teacher has now realized. _ readsreadingwasbe 去掉beenrealized前加上been 8.He didnt make that clear when and where the meeting would be held. _ 9.If he put some money aside at that time，he would live a better life now. _10.With the governments aid, those being affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. _ thatitput前加上had去掉being .写作句式升级训练1.Popular science books are needed most.Usually they explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. (素材来源于2014浙江书面表达)_ (用what从句及which从句改写句子)What we need most are popular science books，which usually explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. 2.Popular science books not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically. (素材来源于2014浙江书面表达)_(用not only位于句首的倒装句改写句子)Not only do popular science books offer us joy and excitement，but also they encourage us to think critically.
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