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Chapter 4 Tom Sawyer paints the fence知 与 （一） 文 言知 解1. encourage v.鼓励I have made great progress in English because my English teacher always encourages me.2. dip v.蘸The little boy dipped his finger into the plate and then put it into his mouth and enjoyed it.3. section n.部分The answer to this question is in section A.4. depressed adj.沮 He felt depressed because he failed in the exam.5. ignore v.忽略The young man is very proud, and he always ignores others.6. properly adv.正常地、正确地The girl is very careful and she does her homework properly.7. gain v. 得The young man gained the first prize yesterday.8. beg v. 求The boy broke his neighbours window yesterday, and he is begging the ownerto forgive him.9. joy n.快 To my great joy, I passed the English test.10. make fun of捉弄As a student, you shouldnt make fun of your classmates.11. and so on等等12. with a bucket of white paint and a brush with a long handle in his hand with prep.1) Egypt is a country with a long history.2) Smith is a man with a lot of money.3) Our English teacher came with good news.4) He entered the classroom with a recorder in his hand.5) I will spend the holiday in Beijing with some friends.6) I m with you.13. Ben was watching Tom every move.move n. 作、易懂、步 1) What s your next move?2) One careless move loses the whole game.3) a clever move4) know a move or two5) make a move（二） 法：定 从句定 从句及相关 1、定 从句：修 一个名 或代 的从句称 定 从句，一般 跟在它所修 的先行 后面。2、关系 ：引 定 从句的关 成 关系 。关系 有关系代 和关系副 。关系代 有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副 有where, when, why等。用心爱心专心- 1 -3、关系词常有 3 个作用： 1）引导定语从句。 2）代替先行词。 3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导的定语从句1. who 指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.如果在从句中做宾语, 就用 whom或 who.比如 : He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who. 比如 : He is the man who has an English book.4. that指人时，相当于who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于which 。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises onemillion.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what hewanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.用心爱心专心- 2 -
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