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绵阳专版 PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（一）名词 【中考考点】(1)正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。(2)掌握可数名词复数的构成。(3)掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。 1.概述:不可数名词是不能直接用数字计数的名词,分为物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词通常没有复数形式,也不能用a/an或数词修饰。常见的不可数名词见下表:考点一不可数名词类别 例词饮食 milk; rice; bread; salt; butter; wheat等材料 gold; glass; silk等自然 sunshine; ice等抽象及其他 advice; fun; news; housework; homework; music等 2.不可数名词的量化表达(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。如: much water, a little milk, some orange juice(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当前面的数词大于1时,后面的量词要变为复数。如:一张纸 ,两杯水 ,十袋米 ten bags of ricea piece of paper two glasses of water 3.既可数又不可数的名词词条 含义 词条 含义作可数名词 作不可数名词 作可数名词 作不可数名词chicken 鸡 鸡肉 experience (一次)经历 经验room 房间 空间 light 电灯 光,光线fish 鱼 鱼肉 exercise 习题 锻炼,运动glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 orange 橙子 橙汁paper 试卷;报纸 纸张 radio 收音机 无线电传递time 倍数;次数 时间 tea 一杯茶 茶work 作品 工作 考点二可数名词1.名词复数形式的规则变化情况 构成方法 例词 情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 加-s mapmaps bagbagsyearyears 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 无生命的加-s,有生命的加-es photophotostomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 加-es busbuses boxboxeswishwishesbeachbeaches 以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoozoosradioradioskangarookangaroos 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i, 再加-es storystoriesfamilyfamiliespartyparties 以f或fe结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-s knifeknives leafleavesshelfshelvesthiefthieves以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s daydayskeykeysmonkeymonkeys 2.名词复数形式的不规则变化规则 例词改变单数名词中的元音字母 footfeet, toothteeth, manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, policewomanpolicewomen, 单复数形式相同 Japanese; sheep; Chinese; deer; fish只有复数形式 trousers; glasses(眼镜); clothes; pants; people其他形式 mousemice; childchildren【巧学妙记】各国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。(1)a Chinese/Japanesetwo Chinese/Japanese, EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen;(2)其余各国人(German/Australian/American/Indian/Canadian/)均在词后直接加-s。 3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成(1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:many apple trees, boy students。(2)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都要变为复数。如:men teachers, women doctors。 4.集体名词的数(1)集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如:family, class, team等,它们以单数形式出现,若强调其中的每个成员,应视为复数;若强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。如:My family are watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。(2)有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如people(人们), police(警察)等,如果要表达单数意义则要使用其他名词。如: 1.构成(1)有生命的名词的所有格的构成方法:一般情况下在名词后加“s”。迈克的小汽车 我妈妈的生日 以s结尾的复数名词只加“”。 教师节 不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加“s”。妇女节 儿童节 考点三名词所有格 (2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of+表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。我们教室的一张照片 _一张中国地图 Mikes car;my mothers birthdayTeachers DayWomens DayChildrens Day a picture/photo of our classroom; a map of China 2.特殊用法(1)表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“s”构成所有格。今天的报纸 世界人口 (2)表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用复数。莉莉和露西共有的房间 莉莉和露西各自的房间 Lily and Lucys roomLilys and Lucys roomstodays newspaperthe worlds population (3)表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。在李雷家 at Li Leis在诊所 在药店 at the chemists(4)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格” 或 “of+名词性物主代词”。我父亲的一本书 我的一个朋友 a friend of mine =one of my friendsat the doctorsa book of my fathers 考点过关训练用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.We will report these (hero). They are the pride of our country. 2.The online shop sells (child) and mens shoes at a very low price. 3.It is said that (tomorrow) sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather. 4.I can give you lots of (advice) on how to improve your speaking skills. 5.Ill give my English teacher some flowers on (teacher) Day. 6.There are a lot of (sheep) on the grassland.A sheep-dog is sitting next to them. 7.All the (woman) teachers are happy on March 8th. 8.There are several (library) in the city. heroeschildrenstomorrowsadvice Teacherssheepwomen libraries 考点过关训练9.Those (policeman) are looking for the lost kids. 10.The computer is one of the most important (invention) in our life. 11.What kind of noodles would you like?Id like some (potato) noodles. 12.Why did Lucy look unhappy?Because she was so careless that she made many spelling (mistake) in her homework. 13.I went to my(uncle) house yesterday. 14.How many times do you brush your (tooth) every day? 15.Take a short rest after two (hour) hard work, and you wont feel too tired. policemen inventionspotato mistakesuncles teethhours
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