2021年全国职称英语考试卫生类(B级)真题及答案解析

2021年全国职称英语考试卫生类(B级)真题及答案解析2005年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 It is obvious that he will win the gameA likelyB possibleC clearD strange2 There is no risk to public healthA pointB dangerC chanceD hope3 Did anyone call me when 1 was out?A inviteB nameC answerD phone4 It took us a long time to mend the houseA buildB destroyC designD repair5 I dont quite follow what she is sayingA believeB understandC explainD accept6 We can no longer put up with his actionsA bearB acceptC supportD oppose7 Loud noises can be irritatingA confusingB interestingC stimulatingD annoying8 That player is eternally arguing with the refereeA desperatelyC eventuallyB constantlyD extensively9 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax planA unclearB firmC shortD neat10 Gambling is lawful in NevadaA popularB boomingC legalD profitable11 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans12 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends13 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugsA abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption14 These programmes are of immense value to old peopleA naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous15 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect第2部分：阅读判断 (第1622题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in sch001It doesn t take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as wellWhether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，a t school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip(故意略去)breakfastIf we dont eat breakfast，we are likely to become tired when our brains an d bodies run low on fuelBy mid-morning，a lot of us grab a cup of coffee，or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up againThis might work for a few minute s，but by 1unchtime we are hungry，bad-tempered，and perhaps our mood might mak e us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at 1unchEating a good bre akfast sets the tone for the rest of the dayPeople who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy we ightMany people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals，but th at isnt a good ideaThe body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so sta rt with a healthy breakfastA healthy breakfast should contain some protein(蛋白质)and some fiber(纤维)Protein can come from meat，eggs，beans，or soy(大豆)Fiber can be found in whole cereals(谷物)，grains or in fruits A good example of a healthy breakfa st might be something simple like a hard boiled egg，an orange，and a bowl of w hole grain cereal with soy milk16 Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at workA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at homeA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Men are more likely to skip breakfast than womenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunchA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weightA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 A simple breakfast cannot be a healthy breakfastA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad moodA RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Drink Your Body Needs Most1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60to 70waterBlood is mostly wa terand our muscles，lungs，and brain all contain a lot of waterWater is nee ded to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋养物) to travel to a11 our organsWater also transports oxygen to our cells，removes waste，and protects our joints and organs2 We lose water through urination(排尿)，respiration(呼吸)，and by sweatingIf you are very active，you lose more water than if you do not take much exercis eSymptoms of mild dehydration(脱水)include chronic pains in joints and muscle s，lower back pain，headaches，and constipation(便秘)A strong smell to your u rine，along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough wate rThirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact，you need water long b efore you feel thirsty3 A good rule of thumb(好的做法)is to take your body weight in pounds and d ivide that number in halfThat gives you the number of ounces(盎司)of water pe r day that you needFor example，if you weigh 160 pounds，you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per dayIf you exercise you should drink another 8-ou nce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active If you drink coffee or a lcohol，you should add at least an equal amount of waterWhen you are travelin g on an airplane，it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are o n board the plane4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are wo rking，traveling，or exercisingIf you get bored with plain water,add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavorThere are some brands of flavored water available，but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need23 Paragraph 1_24 Paragraph 2_25 Paragraph 3_26 Paragraph 4_27 One cannot 1ive_A Ounces of Water Needed Per DayB Importance of WaterC Composition of WaterD Signs of DehydrationE Supply of WaterF Necessity for Bringing a Bottle forWater with Yon28 Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water_29 The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related_30 Dont forget to drink enough water even_A in your bodyB without waterC before longD for a changeE on a busy dayF to your weight第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Exercise Lowers EmployersHealth CostsCompanies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging thei r employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on FridayThey said obese(肥胖的)employees had higher health-care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weightFeifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23，500 wo rkers at General MotorsThey estimated that getting the most sedentary(惯于久坐的)obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year，or about 15 percent of healt h-care costs for the whole group.Company-widethe potential savings could reach$7 1 million per year，they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineOf the whole group of workersabout 30 percent were of normal weight，45 p ercent were overweight(超重的)，and 25 percent were obeseAnnual health-care c osts averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2，700 for obese employeesBut among workers who did no exercise，health-care costs went up by at leas t$100 a year，and were$3000 a year for obese employees who were sedentaryBut adding two or more days of light exerciseat least 20 minutes of exe rcise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathinglowered costs by on average$500 per employee a year，the researchers found.This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat，and in consequence，help lower the h ealth-care costs，Wang and colleagues wrote31 How can employees help lower the health-care costs?A By taking more restB By eating lessC By exercising a little bitD By saving more money32 By encouraging its employees to exercise General Motors could saveA$790，000 per yearB $7.1 million per yearC$3,000per yearD $7,300 per year33 How many workers in General Motors were NOT of normal weight?A Seventy percentB Thirty percentC Forty-five percentD Twenty-five percent34 For which group of the workers were the health-care costs the highest?A The employees of normal weightB The overweight employeesC The obese employeesD The sedentary obese employees35 How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care co sts?A At least seven days a weekB At least twenty minutes a weekC At least twice a weekD At least once a week第二篇Medical EducationIn 18thcentury colonial America，those who wanted to become physicians ei ther learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London，Parisand EdinburghMedicine w as first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania，begi nning in 1765，and in 1767 at Kings College(now Columbia University)，the firs t institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicineFollowi ng the American Revolution，the Columbia medical faculty(formerly of KingS Col lege) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons，chartered in 18 09，which survives as a division of Columbia UniversityIn 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to furt her their training in an attached teaching hospitalThe growth of medical scho ols attached with established institutions of learning went together with the d evelopment of proprietary(私营的)schools of medicine run for personal profitm ost of which had 10W standards and poor facilities In 1910 Abraham Flexner. the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada，exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools Subsequently t he American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Col leges(AAMC)1aid down standards for course content，qualifications of teachers，l aboratory facilities，connection with teaching hospitals，and licensing of medi cal practitioners(开业医师)that survive to this dayBy the late 1980s the US a nd Canada had 142 4year medical colleges recognized bv the Liaison(联络1 Committee on Medical Education to offer che MDdegree；during the 1987-88 academ ic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11，752 men and 5，958 women were graduatedGraduates，after a year of internship(实习期)，receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners36 In 18th-century Americahigher institutions of learning that taught med icineA did not existB were few in numberC were better than those in EuropeD were known for their teaching hospitals37 Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in AmericaA had established professionalsB had good facilitiesC had high standardsD were in poor conditions38 The AMA and AAMC established standards SO as t0A recruit more studentsB set up more schools of medicineC ensure the quality of medical teaching and practiceD prevent medical schools from making huge profits39 After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practiceA if they have worked in a laboratoryB if they have studied abroad for some timeC if they have obtained an MD degreeD if they have passed an examination40 This passage is mainly aboutA how medicine is taught in AmericaB how medical education has developed in AmericaC how the American educational system worksD how one can become a good doctor第三篇More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims,The school bus is a mirror of th e community They further add that，unfortunately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are right-somet imes it reflects more!Just ask Liesl DensonRiding the school bus has been mor e than a ride to school for LieslBruce Hardy,school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，k nowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same busT his year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe say s，It s been a great ride so far!My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child adults do not th ink that what you have to say is importantMrHardy always listens to what yo u have to say and makes you feel importantHer friends Ashley Batista and Ama nda Wolfe agreeBruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus CompanyLarry Althous e，president of the company acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：Youdo not come by employees like Brute these daysHe has never missed a day of wo rk and has a perfect driving record He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvan ia School Bus Association for driving 350，000 accident free miles Hardys repu tation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the s tudentsthat ride his busAlthouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago an d has been providing quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opport unity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community a nd looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years t o comeThree generotions of business is not all the company has enjoyedThanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy,they have been building relationships through generati onsLiesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District.41 The wordmirrorin the first line could be best replaced byA vehicleB deviceC needD reflection42 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus CompanyA for 30 yearsB for70 yearsC since last yearD since 200043 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?A He is popular with his passengersB He has never missed a day of workC He is an impatient personD He has driven 350，000 accident free miles44 Althouse Bus Company was founded byA Larry AlthouseB AlthouseS grandfatherC LieslS motheLD Ashley Batista45 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention toA employing young driversB running quality schoolsC providing free driving lessonsD building sound relationships第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Every Dog Has Its SayKimiko Fukuda，a Japanese girl，always wondered what her dog was trying to say Whenever she put on makeup，it would pull at her sleeve_(46)When the dog barks，she glances at a small electronic gadget(装置)The followinghuman translation appears on its screen：Please take me with you. I realized thats how he was feelingsaid FukudaThe gadget is called Bowlingual，and it translates dog barks into feelingsP eople laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the worlds first dog-human translation machine in 2002But 300，000 Japanese dog owners bought it._(47)Nobody else had thought about it，said Masahiko Kajita，who works for Tak araWe spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders；what would it be like if we could understand dogs?Bowlingual has two parts._(48)The translation is done in the gadget usi ng a database(资料库)containing every kind of barkBased on animal behaviour r esearch，these noises are divided into six categories：happiness，sadness，frus tration，anger,declaration and desire_(49)In this way，the database scien tifically matches a bark to an emotion，which is then translated into one of 20 0 phrasesWhen a visitor went to Fukudas house recently，the dog barked a loudbow w owThis translated asDont come this way_(50) The product will be av ailable in US pet stores this summer for about US$120It tail store up to 100 barks，even recording the dogs emotions when the owner is awayA A wireless microphone is attached to the dogs collar,which sends informa tion to the gadget held by the ownerB Nobody really knows how a dog feelsC It was followed byIm stronger than youas the dog growled(嗥叫)and snif fed(嗅)at the visitor,D More customers are expected when the English version is launched this sum merE Now，the Japanese girl thinks she knowsF Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase likeLets play Look at me orSpend more time with me第6部分：完形填空(第5165题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空自给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。What Should I Say to the Person Who Has Cancer?It is normal to feel that you dont know what to say to someone who has can cerYou might only know the person casually，or you may have worked_(5 1)or lived near each other for many years and have a closer relationship The mo st important_(52)you can do is to acknowledge the situation in some way-whatever is most comfortable for you You can show interest and concern，you can express encouragement，or you_(53) offer supportSometimes the simplest ex pressions of concern are the_(54) meaningfulWhile it is good to be encouraging，it is also important_(55)to show fa lse optimism or to tell the person with cancer to always have a positive attitu deDoing_(56) things may discount their fears，concerns，or sad feelingsI t is also tempting to say that you know_(57)the person feelsWhile you may know this is a difficult time，no one can know exactly how the person with_ _(58)feels.Humor can be an important way_(59)coping It is also another source of support and encouragementLet the person with cancer_(60)the lead；it is healthy if they find something funny about a side effect，like hair loss or inc reased appetite，and you can certainly join_(61)in a good laughThis can be a great way to relieve stress and to take a break from the_(62)serious nature of the situationWhen the person with cancer looks good，let them know!Refrain(忍住)_ _(63) comments when their appearance isnt as goodsuch asYoure looking pale，orYouve lost weightCancer and its treatment can be very unpredictableBe prepared for good days and bad_(64)Refrain from telling the person with cancer stories about family members or friends who have had cancerEveryone is different，and these stories may not be helpful Instead，it is better simply to tell them you know_(65)about ca ncer because youve been through it with someone else.51 A hardB togetherC oftenD once52 AwordB thingC decisionD event53 A shouldB needC carlD must54 AmoreB leastC lessD most55 A notB justC howD still56 A otherB whateverC theseD useful57 A howB whenC whyD whether58 A diseaseB feelingsC concernsD cancer59 A intoB toC ofD on60 A tumB takeC callD move61 A himB herC themD theirs62 AmoreB lessC someD any63 A uponB outC towardsD from64 A monthsB daysC timesD periods65 A nothingB anythingC somethingD at满分100分，其中1-15每题1分；16-30每题1分；3145每题3分；46-50每题2分；51-65每题1分。2005年职称英语等级考试卫生类 (B级)答案1C 2 B 3 D 4 D 5B6 A7 D 8B 9A 10C11 A 12C 13C 14D 15B16A 17B 18 C 19A 20B21B 22C 23 B 24D 25A26 F 27B 28A 29F 30 E31C 32B 33A 34D 35C36B 37D 38 C 39D 40B4l D 42 A 43 C 44 B 45D46E 47D 48A 49F 50C51B 52B 53C 54D 55 A56C 57 A 58 D 59 C 60B61C 6