初中被动语态及习题(DOC 10页)

学习必备 欢迎下载被动语态(The passive Voice)一、被动语态(Te Passive Voice)：语态是英语动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态是动作的执行者做主语，被动语态是动作的承受者做主语。只有及物动词才有被动语态。例如：The boys like football.男孩儿喜欢足球。(主动语态)Football is liked by the boys.足球被男孩儿喜欢。(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成形式是be+及物动词的过去分词(P.P)，其中动词be是助动词，有人称和数的变化，其变化规则与其作连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的否定句是在第一个助动词后加not，一般疑问句是把第一个助动词提前放到句首。主要时态的被动语态的结构和肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句总结如下：*一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P Our classroom is cleaned every day. Our classroom is not cleaned every day. Is our classroom cleaned every day?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.*一般过去时：was/were+P.P Our classroom was cleaned yesterday. Our classroom wasnt cleaned yesterday. Was our classroom cleaned yesterday?Yes,it was.No,it wasnt.*一般将来时：will+be+P.P Our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. Our classroom wont be cleaned tomorrow. Will our classroom be cleaned tomorrow? Yes,it will. No,it wont.*现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P Our classroom has been cleaned. Our classroom hasnt been cleaned. Has our classroom been cleaned?Yes,it has.No,it hasnt.*现在进行时：am/is/are+being+P.P Our classroom is being cleaned now. Our classroom isnt being cleaned now. Is our classroom being cleaned now?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.*情态动词：can/must/may/should+be+P.P Our classroom must be cleaned well. Our classroom mustnt be cleaned well. Must our classroom be cleaned well? Yes,it must.No,it needent.(must提问，否定回答用neent.)三、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如：Knives are used for cutting things.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。This desk is made of wood.3.强调动作的承受者。English is spoken by many people.四、主动语态变成被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动结构的谓语动词变为被动结构。3.把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语。(在含义明确时，by短语可以省略。)例如：Students should speak English in and out of class. (主语)(宾语)English should be spoken in and out of class by students.(主语) (介词宾语)五、需要注意的几个问题。(一)用不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的句子，变被动语态时，不定式符号“to”不能省略。例如：1.The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.The workers were made to work 14 hours a day. 2.He saw the teacher go into the office just now.The teacher was seen to go into the office just now.(二)相当于及物动词的短语动词，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。例如：1.The babies must be taken good care of. 2.The books mustnt be taken away from the reading.(三)含有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，变被动语态时，将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。(一般是将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。)例如：My mother gave me a present for my birthday.I was given a present for my birthday by my mother.A present was given to me for my birthday by my mother.六六、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1、（1）.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指门没有锁是人的原因） （2） 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ （3） 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。（1） 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 （2） 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read） （3） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。) （4） 在某些形容词不定式做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）3、不能用于或没有被动语态的动词： （1）不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态 例如： Eg. The price has been risen. The price has risen. 价格上升了。 The boy was slept well. The boy slept well. 男孩睡得很熟。 The accident was happened last week. The accident happened last week. 事故是上星期发生的。 常见的不及物动词： appear出现，die死亡，disappear消失，end(vi.)结束，fail失败，happen发生，last持续，remain仍然是，sit坐，break out爆发，come true实现，fall asleep睡着，take place发生，lie躺/说谎 （2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词和及物动词短语 fit适合，have有/举行，marry结婚，wish希望，agree with和一致，arrive at/in到达， shake hands with握手，succeed in成功，take part in参加，belong to属于 Eg. The bike is belonged to me. The bike belongs to me. The sports meet will be had tomorrow. The sports meet will be held tomorrow. （3）系动词无被动语态 appear出现，be是，become变成/成为，fall变成，feel感觉，get变成，grow变成，keep 保持，look看上去，remain仍然是，seem似乎，smell闻上去，sound听上去，stay保持，六、被动语态常见句型1.be made of 由构成 (发生物理变化) This desk is made of wood.be made from 由构成 (发生化学变化) This kind of paper is made from wood.be made in 在生产或制造 The TV set is made in Japan.be made by 被制造 These machines are made by the workers.2.be used for 被用于 The key is used for locking the door.be used to do 被用于做某事Man-made satellites are used to send and reveive massages.be used as 被作为来使用English is used as a foreign language in many countries.3.be covered with 被覆盖 The ground was covered with snow after it snowed.4.be filled with 被装满 The bottle was filled with water.5.It is said that 据说It is said that the population of the world was very small long long ago. 被动语态专题训练题选择填空()1.The hole must be _ for the tree.A.enought largeB.large enoughC.too largeD.very large()2.Today,too many trees are still _ in the world.A.cutting down B.cut downC.being cut down D.cutted down()3.English _ in many countries,but Chinese _ their own languages.A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spokenC.is spoken,speakenD.is spoken,is spoken()4.This kind of apple _ in Jinzhou.A.is grown B.growC.grewD.are grown()5.These young trees must _ after well.A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked()6.My coat is made _ cool and silk.A.to B.for C.fromD.of()7.Our teacher was seen _ to the office a moment ago.A.go B.to go C.going D.goes()8.The Oxford Castle _ by HenryH(1154-1189).It is in very good condition now.A.builtB.was built C.has been builtD.is built()9.Ice can be _ water.A.turn intoB.turn to C.turned into D.turned to()10.Keys are used for _ doors.A.lock B.lockedC.locking D.locks()11.When _ the PRC _?On October ist.A.was,foundB.was,founded C.is,foundD.were,founded()12.Sorry,all the vegetables _.Please come tomorrow.A.sells wellB.have sold out C.have been sold outD.are selling()13.The man is badly hurt.He _ to the hospital.A.has sent B.has been sent C.sentD.has sent for()14.A big cinema _ in our town next year.A.will put upB.is putting up C.will be put upD.has put up()15.This book _ by a famouse writer many years ago.A.writes B.is writtenC.was writenD.was written()16.She asked me if the story was _ a real person.A.based on B.base on C.bases inD.based by()17.Wheat may be grown after the corn and sweet potatoes _.A.harvestB.harvested C.is harvestD.are harvested()18.The greenhouse should be _ glass.A.made ofB.made from C.made into D.made in()19.The strange thing was used _ wine by ancient people.A.for drinkB.to drinkC.drinkingD.drinked()20.In China the money _ to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in Spring FestivalA.givesB.is givenC.are given D.give翻译句子1.学生们的作文还没有交上来。2.这种冰箱是日本生产的。3.水稻产在南方。4.课内课外都应该说英语。5.玉米和田薯收获之后就可以种小麦了。6.博物馆里展出的文物不能碰。7.各地都在建温室用于冬天种菜。8.这种特别的恐龙是在辽宁省发现的。9.中国共产党是什么时候建立的？10.这个号码的鞋已经卖完了。课后作业中考被动语态练习精选40题（附答案）1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grownC .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet.A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sentC. wont be sent D. wasnt sent8.-When _ this kind of computer_?-Last year.A. did; use B. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used9.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written byC. did; written D .was; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked toC. is asked D .asks to11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people _ well.A. looks after B .must be looked afterC. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been B. had beenC. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completedC. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed atC. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needingC. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care B. be taken care ofC. take care D. take care of22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter thebuilding.A. been given B. given.C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was givenC. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented fromC. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being builtC. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year.A. bought B. has been boughtC. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyedC. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt decidingC. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong toC. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repairedC. will repair D. was repairing课后作业1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D二、1.B2.C3.C4.A5.C6.D7.B8.B9.C10.C 11.B 12.C13.B14.C15.D16.A17.D18.A19.B20.B四、1.The studentscompositions havent been handed in.2.This kind of bridge is made in Japan.3.Rice is grown in the south.4.English should be spoken in and out of class.5.Wheat may be grown after the corn and sweet potatoes are harvested.6.The old things on show cant be touched.7.The greenhouses are being built everywhere for growing vegetables in winter.8.The special dinosaur was discovered in Liaoning province.9.When was the Party founded.10.The shoes in this size have been sold out.