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八年级英语（仁爱版）下册语言知识点归纳Unit 6 Enjoying RidingTopic 1 Were going on a spring field trip一、重点词组1.go on a spring field trip去春游2.a two-day visit to Mount Tai为期两天的泰山游3.make a decision做出决定4.find out 查找；弄清5. bring back带回6.decide on sth.对某事做出决定7.book some tickets/rooms预定车票/房间8.the hard/soft sleeper硬卧/软卧9.pay for付款10.make hotel reservation预定酒店房间11.many kinds of rooms许多类型的房间12.the best time to do sth.做某事的最佳时间13.work out the cost估算/算出费用14.do/go fund raising = raise money/ funds筹集资金e up with产生；想出；赶上16.get to (call home)达到（打电话回家）的程度17.sell newspapers/ old books/ flowers卖报/旧书/花18.notany longer = no longer不再19.enjoy a good trip享受愉快的旅行20.at the foot of在的脚下二.重点句型及重点语言点1. , we will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai, 我们将去泰山进行为期两天的旅行。 two-day “两天的” , 这是带有数字的复合形容词,复合形容词用连字符号连接时,名词要用单数。如：a 14-year-old boy 一个十四岁的男孩 a 100-meter race 一百米赛跑 a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行2. We will make the decision together. 我们将一起作出决定make a decision = decide 做决定 decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 decide on sth. 对某事做出决定3. Going by train doesnt cost as much as by plane, and going by bus is not as comfortable as by train. 搭火车的费用没有搭飞机的高，搭公车不如搭火车舒适。“going by train” 动名词短语在句中做主语。cost 表“花费（金钱/时间）”时，主语必须是事物。常用句型“ sth. costs (sb.) some money/time”如：This bike cost me 300 yuan. 这本书花了我三百元钱。 Finishing the homework costs me two hours a day. 通常，每天做完作业花了我两个小时。4. Weve got tickets at 120 for the hard sleeper and 180 for the soft sleeper.我们的的票价是硬卧票120元，软卧票180元。at 在句中表“以的价格”. 如: Weve got tickets at 80 for The Sound of Music. 我们有80元一张的音乐之声门票。5I want to book 10 rooms with two single beds 我想订10间有两张单人床的房间 with 结构在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词，表特征。如：a girl with light hair 一个金发女郎a boy with big eyes 一个大眼睛男孩6 My school in America raised a lot of money for our band trip last year. 去年, 我在美国的学校为我们的团队筹集了很多钱。raise 及物动词，表示“筹集”外，还表“举起；使升高”，一般指把某物从低处抬高到高处。如：She raised her hand. 她举起了她的手。He raised his glass to Mr. Li.他举杯向李先生祝贺。rise 不及物动词，表示“上升；升起；上涨”一般指事物本身由低处移到高处。如：The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。The river/ price rose. 河水上涨了。7. Some schools come up with great fund raisers , 一些学校产生出伟大的集资者，come up with 表示“想出；产生； 赶上” 如：Suddenly he came up with a strange idea. 突然间他想出了一个奇怪的主意。 We came up with the train in time. 我们及时赶上了火车。8. It takes students one yuan each to buy tickets for a draw to become king or queen for a day. 学生要想成为 “一日国王”或 “一日王后”, 就要花一元钱买票才可以参加抽奖。 此句型为“It takes sb. some money/ time to do sth.”花了某人多少钱/时间做某事。三.重点语法 (一)结果状语从句1) , so “因此”, 常与because 引导的原因状语从句转换. 如:We dont have much money, so we should go fund raising. = Because we dont have much money, we should go fund raising.Helen is worried about her trip cost, so she is sad.海伦担心她的旅行费用，因此她很难过。= Helen is sad because she is about her trip cost. 海伦很难过是因为她担心旅行的费用。2) so that “如此 以致于”, 如结果表否定时,常与too + adj./ adv. +to do sth.句型转换.a)主语 + be + so + adj. + that + 句子e.g: I was so tired that I couldnt go on any longer. = I was too tired to go on any longer. The cost is so expensive that we should raise money. b)主语 + 实义动词+ so + adv. + that + 句子e.g: He plays basketball so well that we all like to play with him. 他球打得如此好，以致于我们都喜欢他。 He got up so late that he couldnt catch the bus. 他起床如此迟，以致他赶不上车。 = He got up too late to catch the bus. 他起床起得太迟了而不能赶上车。3) so that 结果e.g.: Jane often makes noise so that I can not fall asleep. 珍妮经常吵闹，结果我无法入睡。(二) 动词不定式1) 作表语, 常用在系动词之后.Your groups task is to find out the cost to go by train. 你小组任务是去弄清搭火车的费用。She seems to be happy. 她似乎很快乐。2) 作主语, 常用it（形式主语）代替, 不定式放在后面做真正主语. It is hard to say. 很难说。It is important to learn English well. 学好英语非常重要。4)作宾语, 常用在want; like; hope; begin; try; forget; learn; plan; decide; need 等及物动词后,构成动宾结构。I want to buy some books. 我想去买一些书。She likes to join the English Club. 她喜欢加英语俱乐部。We hope to be teachers. 我们希望成为教师。Dont forget to call me. 别忘了打电话给我。5)作宾补,6)作定语常用在被修饰的名词/代词之后I have some exciting news to tell you.我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。 I want something to drink.我想要些喝的东西。四、口语应用 预订车票、房间：Can I help you? / What can I do for you?Yes. I want/ would like to book Which kind of ticket o you want, the hard sleeper or the soft sleeper?What kind of room do you have?How many do you want?How much does cost?May I have your name and your number?Topic 2 Lets go exploring.一、重点词汇： 1. death(动词) die2.east(形容词) eastern3.crowd(形容词)crowded4. huge(同义词) large 5. push(反义词)pull 14. satisfy(形容词) satisfied15.diary(复数)diaries （二）重点词组:1. have a vacation度假3.cost too much花费太贵4.plan a trip计划旅行e along with sb.与某人在一起6. go to the cinema去电影院7. look forward to (doing) sth.期待做某事8. go camping去野营9. in the old days在古代10.in ones life在某人的一生11.on both sides of the way在路的两旁12.two and a half hours两个半小时13.be crowded with挤满了14.be surprised at对感到惊讶15.push out挤出;推出16.step on ones toes踩了某人的脚趾17.as soon as 一就18.give sb. a big hug给某人一个拥抱19. have fun doing sth.做某事有乐趣二、重点句型及重点语言点1. Im looking forward to meeting him. 我正盼望看到他. look forward to 表 “期待, 盼望”, to是介词,后面应用名词、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时态。如：Im really look forward to summer vacation. 我真的期待着暑假的到来。They are looking forward to solving the problem. 他们正期待着问题的解决。2、 and 12 stone officials on both sides of the way.on both sides of the way = on each side of the way 在路的两旁3.Dinglig is to the southwest of Kangling. 定陵在康陵的西南方向.方位介词: in; on; toin表在范围内; on表两处相接; to 表在范围内Fujian is in the southeast of China. 福建在中国的东南部.Jiangxi is on the west of Fujian. 江西在福建的西面.Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边.4.We were having fun exploring when I noticed Darren wasnt beside me. 当我们正在有趣的探险时,我注意到达诺不在我身边.have fun doing sth. 表做某事有乐趣. 如:Youll find you have fun learning English. 你将会发现学习英语有很大乐趣.三、重点语法 (一) 时间状语从句:1.引导词:a) when; while; as 当时候when 既可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词while 跟延续性动词 as多用于口语,强调 “同一时间”或 “一前一后”e,g: The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.= While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in.Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。b) until; notuntil until “直到为止”，主句的谓语动词用延续性动词。notuntil “直到才” 主句的谓语动词常用短暂性动词。e.g: I will stay here until the rain stops. = I wont leave here until the rain stops.c)after 在之后; before在之前; as soon as 一就e.g:I went to sleep after I finished my homework =I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom.2. 时态:a)当主句为一般过去时时, 从句常为过去的某种时态;e.g: While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in. I went to sleep after I finished my homework.b)当主句为一般将来时时, 从句为一般现在时e.g: As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom. I will stay here until the rain stops.(二) 不定式作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，表行为的目的。They organize a show to raise money. 为了筹钱，他们组织了一场展示会。Kelly arrived at the airport early to see Maria off. 凯丽早早地来到机场为玛丽亚送行。 四、交际用语Would you like to come to China for your vacation? 你想来中国度假吗？（表邀请）Would/ Will you help me plan a trip? 帮我计划一下旅行好吗？（表请求）Could/ Can you come along with us? 你能和我们在一起好吗？（表邀请或请求）Should we take him there? 我们带他们去那儿好吗？（表建议）How about taking him to the Ming Tombs?带他去十三陵怎么样？（表建议） Topic 3 Cycling is fun!一、重点词汇:1. cross the street 横穿街道2. obey traffic rules/ laws遵守交通规则/法规3.save money and energy节省资金和能源4.avoid air pollution避免空气污染5.need less space需要更少的空间6.warn sb. about sth.提醒某人当心某事7.a sharp turn to the left向左急转弯8.slow down减速9.knock into碰撞10.avoid doing sth.避免做某事11.call 122 hotline播打122热线12.send sb. to spl.送某人去某处13.have strict traffic rules有严格的交通规则14.receive a call from sb.收到某人的电话15. learn by heart用心学习16.wear a bicycle helmet戴着自行车头盔16.break the traffic rules违反交通规则17.get a fine得到处罚18. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事19. pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意（做）某事20. on the left-side of the road在路的左手边21.need less space 需要更少的空间22.hundreds of millions of上亿的23.go through 穿过；穿越24. notbut不是而是25.return to返回到26.be famous for 因而出名27.break a record 打破记录二、重点句型及重点语言点1. I want to tell you about a bike accident and warn you about the crazy traffic.我想告诉你一个自行车事故，并提醒你当心混乱的交通。warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人当心某事， 如：The teachers warn the students about the steps. 老师提醒学生们当心台阶。He warned me about the cruel dog. 他提醒我当心那只恶狗。2He knocked into the wall to avoid hitting the truck. 他为了避免撞到卡车上而撞到墙上.knock into 撞到、碰到He knocked into the old man when he was running. 他在奔跑时撞到了墙上。avoid doing sth. 避免做某事We should avoid making mistakes. 我们应当避免犯错误。3, the 122 hotline received a call from a truck driver. 122热线接到卡车司机的电话。receive a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人的来信4I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。agree with 同意某人（的看法/ 意见），主语通常是事物而不是人。agree to 表示“同意，赞成”，后面跟的是表示想法，建议或计划等的词。e.g.: I agree with what he said. 我同意他讲的话。 He didnt agree to our idea. 他不同意我们的想法。5If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine. 如果违反交通规则，你就会受到处罚。 fine 既可当名词，也可当动词。He got a 50 fine for parking the wrong places. 他因乱停车罚款五十元。（名词）The policeman fined him 50 yuan. 警察罚了他五十元。（动词）6Dont forget to pay attention to the rules. 别忘了注意交通规则。pay attention to (doing) sth 注意做某事We must pay attention to obeying the rules. 我们必须注意遵守交通规则。7Five years ago, Spains Oscar Freire won the bicycle race. 五年前，西班牙的奥斯卡. 弗莱尔获得自行车赛的胜利。win 后面通常跟比赛、竞赛、名次或战争，表“获胜”beat 后面通常跟人，表“战胜”e.g.: He won the first in the match. 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 At last, he beat everyone. 最后他击败了每个人。 三、重点语法 条件状语从句: 由if 引导,表 “如果”1.时态: 主句是一般将来时态或具有将来的含义, 从句常用一般现在时.If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine.If it rains tomorrow, we wont hold the sports meeting.If you drive a car in Britain, you must be careful.2. “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”, 常转换成肯定条件句;“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”, 常转换成否定条件句. Hurry up, and you will catch the bus. = If you hurry up, you will catch the bus.Hurry up, or you wont catch the bus. = If you dont hurry, you wont catch the bus.Be careful, or a car may hit you. = If you arent careful, a car may hit you.4
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