国际货运代理英语(货代英语)forwarder-English-1-to-21

1 国际货运代理专业英语国际货运代理专业英语 （第一单元至第二十一单元）（第一单元至第二十一单元）讲课人：苏同江青岛远洋船员学院管理系2009年5月220092009年国际货代英语考试题型年国际货代英语考试题型1.单项选择题（15题，15分）2.判断题（15题，15分）3.多项选择题（10题，20分）4.完型填空题（10题，10分）5.中英文互译（20分）专业术语翻译题(中译英和英译中)和短语翻译。6.英文单证题（20分）3 Unit One 新内容新内容 International Trade(一）基本要求了解:Definition and Importance,Barriers to International Trade熟悉:Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade,WTO 掌握:Risks in International Trade,Steps of International Trade（二）考试内容：1.Definition and Importance 2.Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade 3.Risks in International Trade 4.World Trade Organization5.Barriers to International Trade 6.Steps of International Trade42.Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade nInternational trade is typically more costly（成本高）than domestic trade.(reason:additional costs such as tariffs,time costs due to board delays and costs associated with country differences such as language,the legal system,culture.)nThe factors of production（生产要素）are typically more mobile（流动）within a country than across countries.(International trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and service).nInternational trade is also a branch of economics,which together with international finance,forms the large branch of international economics.53.Risks in International TradenEconomic risks (1)insolvency（破产）破产）of the buyer;(2)the failure of the buyer to pay the amount;(3)non-acceptance;(4)exchange rate,etc.nPolitical risks (1)cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses;(2)war risks;(3)expropriation or confiscation of the importers company;(4)risk of the imposition of an import ban（禁止进口）禁止进口）after the shipment of the goods;(5)transfer riskimposition of exchange controls（外汇管制）外汇管制）by the importers country or foreign currency shortages;(6)influence of political parties in importers company.64.World Trade OrganizationnWTO definition（世贸组织）世贸组织）It is best described as an umbrella organization（伞式组织）伞式组织）under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations（乌拉圭多边贸易谈判）乌拉圭多边贸易谈判）are gathered.nWTO functions to implement,administer,and carry out WTO Agreement and it annexes;to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations;to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes;to review（评价、回顾）评价、回顾）the trade policies and practices of member states.76.Steps（步骤）步骤）of International Trade nStarting with market researchnSeeking customersnContact each other by sending inquiriesnStatus inquiry（询价状况）询价状况）nQuotations or offers;acceptance or non acceptancenOrder;contractnObtaining import/export license;opening L/C，receiving L/CnPreparation of goods by the sellernInspection or survey of goodsnReserving shipping space（订舱）订舱）nEffecting insurancenCustoms clearancenShipping advicenNegotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiarynRedemption of documents（赎单）赎单）under L/CnCustoms clearance for importnDelivery of goodsnLodging and settling claims（索理赔）索理赔）(if any)8 Unit Two Scope of Freight Forwarding Service（一）基本要求了解：The freight forwarders original duty熟悉：Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 掌握：Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee（二）考试内容1.The freight forwarders original duty2.Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor3.Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee92.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor(exporter)nChoose the route,mode of transport and a suitable carrier.nBook space with the selected carrier.nTake delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt,（FCR收货凭证）收货凭证）the Forwarders Certificate of Transport,（FCT运输凭证）运输凭证）etc.nStudy the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import,as well as any transit country;he would also prepare all the necessary documents.102.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）nPack the goods,taking into account the route,the mode of transport,the nature of the goods and applicable regulations,if any,in the country of export,transit counties and country of destination.nArrange warehousing of the goods,if necessary.nWeight and measure the goods.nDraw the consignors attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods,if required by the consignor.nTransport the goods to the port,arrange for customs clearance,related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.112.The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）nAttend to foreign exchange transactions,if any.nPay fees and other charges including freight.nObtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor.nArrange for transshipment en route if necessary.nMonitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contracts with the carrier and the forwarders agents abroad.nNote damages to or losses of the goods,if any.nAssist the consignor in pursuing claims（索赔）索赔）,if any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.123.The forwarders services on behalf of consignee（importer）nMonitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee control the freight(goods).nReceive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.nTake delivery of the goods from the carrier and,if necessary,pay the freight costs.nArrange customs clearance and pay duties,fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.133.The forwarders services on behalf of consignee（importer）nArrange transit warehousing,if necessary.nDeliver the cleared goods to the consignee.nAssist the consignee in pursuing claims,if any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.nAssist the consignee,if necessary,in warehousing and distribution.14 Unit Three Incoterms 2000（一）基本要求了解：Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 熟悉：FCA,CPT and CIP掌握：FOB,CFR and CIF（二）考试内容1.Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 2.FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP15 1.FOB(Free on Board)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式nFOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail at the named port of shipment.nThis means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point.nThe FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.nThis term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.162.CFR(Cost and Freight)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式nCFR means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.nThe seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.nBut the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.nThe CFR term required the seller to clear the goods for export.nThis term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.173.CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式、保险nCIF means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.nThe seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.nThe risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.nThe seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.nThe CIF term required the seller to clear the goods for exportnThis term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.184.FCA(Free Carrier 货交承运人货交承运人)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、交货点nFCA means that the seller delivers the goods,cleared for export,to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.nIt should be noted that the chosen place of delivery occurs at the sellers premises,the seller is responsible for loading.If delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible for unloading.nThis term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.nIf the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods,the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.19 5.CPT(carriage paid to运费付至运费付至)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式nCPT means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.nThis means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.nThis term required the seller to clear the goods for export.nThis term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.206.CIP(carriage and insurance paid to)含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、保险nCIP means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.nThis means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.nThe seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.nThis term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport,including multimodal transport.21 Unit Four UCP 600 （新内容）（一）基本要求了解：The Structure of the UCP 600熟悉：Reasons for a Revision掌握：Major Changes of UCP 600（二）考试内容：1.Reasons for a Revision2.The Structure of the UCP 6003.Major Changes of UCP 600221.Reasons for a RevisionnTo address（着重于）着重于）developments in the banking,transport and insurance industries.nTo improve the drafting of the UCP in order to facilitate consistent application and interpretation of the Rules.nTo enhance the reputation（名誉）名誉）of L/C as settlement means of choice among international traders.nTo reduce documentary rejections.nOverall effect is one of clarification and consolidation（澄清与合并）澄清与合并）.233.Major Changes of UCP 600nUCP does not apply unless it is expressly mentioned in the text of the L/C.nThe banks now have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation,and no longer the reasonable time not exceeding 7 banking days.nData in a document,when read in context with the credit,the document itself and international standard banking practice,need not be identical to,but must not conflict with data in the document,any other stipulated document or the L/C.（单据中内容的描述不必与信用证、单据中内容的描述不必与信用证、信用证对该项单据的描述以及国际标准银行实务完全一致，但不得与该项单信用证对该项单据的描述以及国际标准银行实务完全一致，但不得与该项单据中的内容、其它规定的单据或信用证相冲突）据中的内容、其它规定的单据或信用证相冲突）。nUnder the new UCP,the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the L/C.nBs/L may now allow transshipment,provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same B/L.24 Unit Five Terms of Shipment in the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods（一）基本要求了解：Terms of Shipment熟悉：Ways of Stipulating Time of Shipment 掌握：Interpretation of terms and points of the time of shipment in the contract:（二）考试内容1.Time of shipment 2.Interpretation of terms3.Points to note when the traders discuss the time of shipment in the contract251.Ways of Stipulating Time of ShipmentnShipment on or about June 20,2008nShipment not later than July 31st,2008nShipment to be made during June/July,2008nShipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance(汇款)nShipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C262.Interpretation of terms nIf the expression“on or about”or similar expressions are used,banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date,both end days included.nThe words“to,until,till,from,between”and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.272.Interpretation of termsnThe word“before and after”will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.nThe terms“first half,second half”of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th,and the 16th to the last day of such month,all dates inclusive.nThe terms“beginning,middle,or end”of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th,the 11th to the 20th,and the 21st to the last day of such month,all dates inclusive.283.Points to note(1)The exporter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready.(2)The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way.Expressions such as“prompt”,“immediately”,“as soon as possible”and the like should not be used.(3)Sometimes,the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date which means these two dates are the same.293.Points to note(4)If the expiry date of the credit（信用证有效期）信用证有效期）and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents（交单期）交单期）stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed,the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents,as the case may be,shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open.303.Point to note (5)The latest date for shipment（最迟装运期）最迟装运期）shall not be extended by reason of the extension of the expiry date and/or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents.If no such latest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit or amendments,banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments.31 Unit Six Documentary Credit（新内容）新内容）（一）基本要求了解：Basic Contents of an L/C and Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit熟悉：Definition,Characteristics of Settlement by L/C掌握：Parties to an L/C,Types of Letters of Credit（二）考试内容：1.Definition 2.Parties to an L/C 3.Basic Contents of an L/C 4.Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit 5.Characteristics of Settlement by L/C6.Types of Letters of Credit321.Definition nA letter of credit is the written promise of a bank（银银行书面保证文件）行书面保证文件）to act at the request and on the instructions of the applicant and to undertake payment to the beneficiary（承诺付款给受益人承诺付款给受益人）in the amount specified in the credit,provided that the beneficiary complies with the terms and conditions of the credit.332.Parties to an L/CnApplicant:the party which applies to the bank for opening L/C(buyer or importer)nIssuing bank:the bank that issues a L/C at the request of the applicantnAdvising bank:the bank that advises the beneficiary of an L/CnBeneficiary:the party in whose favor an L/C is opened and which should comply with the terms and conditions of the credit in order to receive the proceeds(seller,exporter)nNegotiating bank:the bank that negotiates the beneficiarys draft.It may be the advising bank or another bank authorized to negotiate the documents345.Characteristics of Settlement by L/C nThe issuing bank has the primary liabilities for payment;nAn L/C is a self-sufficient instrument（自足文件）自足文件）;nIt is simply a document transaction.The relevant parties deal with documents only,rather than with the goods or services（银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务）。物、服务）。If the goods do not conform to the documents after the applicant pays the issuing bank,the applicant can only take this matter up with the defaulting parties.It has nothing to do with the bank.On the contrary,if the goods are in order,but the document are not correct,the issuing bank and the applicant have the right to refuse to pay the seller.356.Types of Letters of Credit nDocumentary credits(shipping documents required)nClean credits(光票信用证光票信用证only drafts required)nIrrevocable documentary credits(cannot be cancelled)nConfirmed credits(confirmed by another bank)nUnconfirmed credits(非保兑非保兑not confirmed by another bank)nSight credits(effect payment immediately)nTime credits(effect payment not immediately)nOther Credit：Payment（付款）付款）credits,acceptance（承兑）承兑）credits,negotiation（议付）议付）credits,anticipatory（预支）预支）credit,revolving（循环）循环）credits,transferable（可转让）可转让）credits,back-to-back credits,etc.36 Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation（一）基本要求了解：Transport geography熟悉：Different Types of Shipping Services掌握：Shipping Documents（二）考试内容：1.Transport geography 2.Different Types of Shipping Services 3.Shipping Documents 372.Different Types of Shipping Services2.1 Conference lines（班轮公会航线）班轮公会航线）(1)definition A shipping conference（班轮公会）班轮公会）is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provided a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of port of call.(2)purpose to eliminate price competition among member lines to reduce outside competition(3)advantages to shippers are stability of freight rates and regularity of services.(4)disadvantages Rates are usually high.Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand Rates and procedures are inflexible.382.2 Non-Conference lines This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers.2.3 Non-vessel operating common carrier(NVOCC)An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service.He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided.Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper,he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services,particularly to small shipper who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates.2.4 Tramp service（不定期船运输不定期船运输）nTramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand.39 3.Shipping documents(1)The bill of lading The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it signed only by the carrier.However,it provides evidence of contract of carriage.It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier.Besides,the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.(2)Sea waybill A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading.The waybill is a non-negotiable document and made out to a consignee who is allowed,upon production of proper identification,to claim the goods without presenting the waybill.403.Shipping documents(3)Cargo manifest A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board.The manifest is prepared by the carriers agent but the freight forwarder have to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities.(4)Shipping(Booking)note A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading.413.Shipping documents(5)Delivery order A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo from the vessel.(6)Mates receipt A mates receipt is the receipt issued by the mate in the acknowledgement of the goods received on board which is subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading.42Unit 8 Chartering Business（一）基本要求了解：Bareboat chartering熟悉：Time Chartering掌握：Voyage Chartering（二）考试内容1.Voyage Chartering2.Time Chartering3.Bareboat chartering43 1.Voyage charteringn(1)Definition The voyage chartering means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single voyage from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports.n(2)Contents A voyage charter party shall mainly contain the names of the parties,the name and nationality of the ship,its bale or grain capacity,description of the goods to be loaded,port of loading and discharge,time for loading and discharge,payment of freight,demurrage,dispatch and other relevant matters.441.Voyage ch