HCNE教学培训课件：TCPIP介绍

早期的协议族 全球范围TCP/IP介绍主机主机InternetTCP/IP主机主机TCP/IP 协议族7654325432应用层应用层表达层表达层会话层会话层传输层传输层网络层网络层数据链路层数据链路层物理层物理层1应用层应用层传输层传输层Internet层层数据链路层数据链路层物理层物理层1应用层概述*路由器使用路由器使用应用层应用层传输层传输层Internet层层数据链路层数据链路层物理层物理层文件传输文件传输-TFTP*-FTP*-NFSE-Mail-SMTP远程登陆远程登陆-Telnet*-rlogin*网络管理网络管理-SNMP*名称管理名称管理-DNS*传输层概述Transmission ControlProtocol(TCP)User Datagram Protocol(UDP)应用层应用层传输层传输层Internet层层数据链路层数据链路层物理层物理层面向连接面向连接非面向连接非面向连接TCP 数据格式Source port(16)Destination port(16)Sequence number(32)Headerlength(4)Acknowledgement number(32)Reserved(6)Code bits(6)Window(16)Checksum(16)Urgent(16)Options(0 or 32 if any)Data(varies)20BytesBit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31端口号TCP端口号端口号FTP传输层传输层TELNETDNSSNMPTFTPSMTPUDP应用层应用层2123255369161RIP520TCP 端口号源端口源端口目标端口目标端口Host A102823SPDPHost ZTelnet Z目标端口目标端口=23.发送发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收接收 SYNHost AHost BTCP 三次握手1发送发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收接收 SYN发送发送 SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)Host AHost B接收接收 SYN12TCP 三次握手发送发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收接收 SYN发送发送 SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)建立会话建立会话(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)Host AHost B123接收接收 SYNTCP 三次握手TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1接收接收 ACK 2 发送发送 ACK 2TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1接收接收 ACK 2发送发送 ACK 2发送发送 2接收接收 2TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1接收接收 ACK 2发送发送 ACK 2发送发送 2接收接收 2接收接收 ACK 3发送发送 ACK 3TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1接收接收 ACK 2发送发送 ACK 2发送发送 2接收接收 2接收接收 ACK 3发送发送 ACK 3发送发送 3接收接收 3滑动窗口=1发送方发送方 接收方接收方发送发送 1接收接收 1接收接收 ACK 2发送发送 ACK 2发送发送 2接收接收 2接收接收 ACK 3发送发送 ACK 3发送发送 3接收接收 3接收接收 ACK 4发送发送 ACK 4TCP 简单确认TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口源端口目标端口目标端口顺序号顺序号#确认号确认号#Source Dest.Seq.Ack.102823101我发送我发送#10.TCP 顺序号和确认号我已收到我已收到#10,现在我需要现在我需要#11.源端口源端口目标端口目标端口顺序号顺序号#确认号确认号#102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.我发送我发送#10.TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口源端口目标端口目标端口顺序号顺序号#确认号确认号#102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.我已收到我已收到#10,现在我需要现在我需要#11.我发送我发送#10.TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口源端口目标端口目标端口顺序号顺序号#确认号确认号#102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.1Ack.102823Source Dest.Seq.2Ack.我已收到我已收到#11,现在我需要现在我需要#12.我发送我发送#11TCP 窗 口发送方发送方接收方接收方TCP 窗 口Window size=3Send 2发送方发送方接收方接收方Window size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3Window size=3Send 2TCP 窗 口发送方发送方Window size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2数据数据 3 被丢弃被丢弃接收方接收方Window size=3Send 2TCP 窗 口发送方发送方Window size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2数据数据 3 被丢弃被丢弃Window size=3Send 4Window size=3Send 3接收方接收方Window size=3Send 2TCP 窗 口发送方发送方Window size=3Send 1Window size=3Send 3ACK 3Window size=2数据数据 3 被丢弃被丢弃Window size=3Send 4Window size=3Send 3ACK 5Window size=2接收方接收方 没有顺序号和确认号UDP 数据格式Source port(16)Destination port(16)Length(16)Data(if any)1Bit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31Checksum(16)8BytesInternet 层概述 OSI 网络层对应的是TCP/IP的internet层Internet Protocol(IP)Internet Control MessageProtocol(ICMP)Address ResolutionProtocol(ARP)Reverse AddressResolution Protocol(RARP)应用层应用层传输层传输层Internet层层数据链路层数据链路层物理层物理层IP 数据Version(4)Destination IP Address(32)Options(0 or 32 if any)Data(varies if any)1Bit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31HeaderLength(4)Priority&Type of Service(8)Total Length(16)Identification(16)Flags(3)Fragment offset(13)Time to live(8)Protocol(8)Header checksum(16)Source IP Address(32)20Bytes 决定上层协议协议域TransportLayerInternetLayerTCPUDPProtocolNumbersIP176ICMP协议ApplicationTransportInternetData LinkPhysicalDestination UnreachableEcho(Ping)OtherICMP1ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我需要知道我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理的物理地址地址.ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我知道你的请求，这是我我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址的物理地址我需要知道我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理的物理地址地址.ARP协议172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我知道你的请求，这是我我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址的物理地址我需要知道我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理的物理地址地址.ARP协议 映射 IP Ethernet Local ARP172.16.3.1IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP:172.16.3.2=?我知道你的请求，这是我我知道你的请求，这是我的物理地址的物理地址我需要知道我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理的物理地址地址.RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?我的地址我的地址是多少？是多少？RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?我的地址我的地址是多少？是多少？我听到了广播我听到了广播你的地址是你的地址是 172.16.3.25.RARP协议Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?我的地址我的地址是多少？是多少？我听到了广播我听到了广播你的地址是你的地址是 172.16.3.25.RARP协议 映射 Ethernet IPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?我的地址我的地址是多少？是多少？我听到了广播我听到了广播你的地址是你的地址是 172.16.3.25.断点连接需要确定的地址 路径选择 Location is represented by an addressTCP/IP地址介绍172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost32 bitsIP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111Binary32 bits18 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100Binary32 bits 172 16 122 204ExampleDecimalExampleBinary18 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421 Class A:Class B:Class C:Class D:多址地址 Class E:科研用IP 地址分类NetworkHostHostHostNetwork NetworkHostHostNetwork Network NetworkHost8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bitsIP 地址分类1Class A:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost8 916 1724 2532Range(1-126)1Class B:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost8 916 1724 2532Range(128-191)1Class C:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost8 916 17242532Range(192-223)1Class D:Bits:1110MMMMMulticast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group8 916 17242532Range(224-239)主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212网络网络主机主机.网络网络端口端口172.16.0.010.0.0.0E0E1路由表路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0 11111111计算可用的主机地址 172 16 0 0 10101100 00010000 00000000 0000000016151413121110 987654321网络网络主机主机 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110.00000000 00000011 11111101123655346553565536-.265534N2N-2=216-2=65534IP地址分类练习地址地址类别类别网络网络主机主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分类练习（答案）地址地址类别类别网络网络主机主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16 网络 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0不设子网的地址172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3.172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254 网络 172.16.0.0设置子网的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16网络网络网络网络端口端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表新路由表 2160主机主机.172.16.3.1E1子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络网络主机主机.网络网络端口端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表新路由表子网子网子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16”表示子网掩码有表示子网掩码有16位位.“/24”表示子网掩码有表示子网掩码有24位位.11111111 111111110000000000000000十进制和二进制的转换10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128 643216842116网络网络主机主机172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000 缺省情况下子网未划分00000010缺省情况下的子网掩码172.16.2.160 255.255.0.0网络号网络号 扩展了8位地址的网络利用子网掩码划分子网16网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网子网网络号网络号128192224240248252254255利用子网掩码划分子网网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网子网 扩展了10位地址的网络161722128网络好网络好128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255子网掩码练习地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网掩码练习（答案）地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0广播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast)255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast)172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast)地址汇总示例16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19241地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212345678161722160地址汇总示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160IP Host Address:172.16.2.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0Subnet Address=172.16.2.0Host Addresses=172.16.2.1172.16.2.254Broadcast Address=172.16.2.255Eight bits of subnettingNetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B类地址子网规划Broadcast:Network子网划分Other subnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820 子网子网5 主机主机/子网子网C类地址：类地址：192.168.5.011111000IP Host Address:192.168.5.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.248NetworkSubnet Host192.168.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:C类地址子网规划Subnet Address=192.168.5.120Host Addresses=192.168.5.121192.168.5.126Broadcast Address=192.168.5.127Five Bits of SubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetwork11000000101010000000010101111111广播地址练习地址地址类别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248子网掩码子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128广播地址练习（答案）153.50.6.127地址地址类别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子网掩码子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0问题回顾1.TCP协议和UDP协议有和不同？2.和IP地址为：192.168.20.1 255.255.255.240,在同一网段的主机有哪些？3.在实现不同VLAN间通讯时什么是必须的？