中学英语语法教学途径

中学英语语法教学途径中学英语语法教学途径语法是什么？语法是什么？新课程改革，在中学英语课堂上，还要教语法吗？新课程改革，在中学英语课堂上，还要教语法吗？中学英语语法是什么内容？中学英语语法是什么内容？有专门的语法课吗？语法教学什么时候进行？怎样进行？有专门的语法课吗？语法教学什么时候进行？怎样进行？句子，句型结构，语法规则是否有区别？什么区别？句子，句型结构，语法规则是否有区别？什么区别？新目标新目标英语教材中只在附录部分有一个语法项目表在英语教材中只在附录部分有一个语法项目表在正文的正文的Grammar Focus部分出现的也仅仅只是一些核心句部分出现的也仅仅只是一些核心句子，该怎么处理它？子，该怎么处理它？困惑？困惑？GrammarStudy or science of for words and structures of a language 牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典Study or science of for the combination of words into sentences(syntax)and the forms of words(morphology)Oxford Advanced Dictionary of Current EnglishStudy or use of the for forming words and combining them into sentences英语学习与交际大词典英语学习与交际大词典Study and practice of the by which words change their forms and are combined into sentences Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English语言现象语言现象语法规则语法规则 交际交际语言运用语言运用乔姆斯基：转换生成语言学理论乔姆斯基：转换生成语言学理论LAD假说假说语言语言 能力能力规则体系规则体系克拉申：第二语言习得理论克拉申：第二语言习得理论监调理论监调理论习得学习习得学习 假说假说监调假说监调假说麦克朗林：第二语言习得理论麦克朗林：第二语言习得理论认知理论认知理论信息处信息处 理理自如式和控制式自如式和控制式王蔷：语法能力是交际的基础；语法教学能加强学生的王蔷：语法能力是交际的基础；语法教学能加强学生的 语言熟练程度和正确性；语法学习帮助提高语言语言熟练程度和正确性；语法学习帮助提高语言 学习效率学习效率结论：教师肯定要教语法，学生肯定要学语法结论：教师肯定要教语法，学生肯定要学语法 英语课程标准语法项目表英语课程标准语法项目表共计共计23项内容：项内容：词法词法13项：包括名、代、数、介项：包括名、代、数、介、连、副词、冠词、连、副词、冠词、动词、形容词、时态、语态、非谓语、构动词、形容词、时态、语态、非谓语、构 词法。词法。句法句法10项：句子种类、句子成分、简单句的基本句项：句子种类、句子成分、简单句的基本句 型、并列复合句、主从复合句、虚拟语型、并列复合句、主从复合句、虚拟语 气、省略、倒装、强调、直接引语与间接气、省略、倒装、强调、直接引语与间接 引语引语词类：名、冠、代、连、介、动、形、副、数词类：名、冠、代、连、介、动、形、副、数短语：动词短语、短语动词、介词短语、介词短语、短语：动词短语、短语动词、介词短语、介词短语、形容词短语形容词短语 句型结构：句型结构：there be,It takes sb.to do,ask sb.to do,时态：各种时态时态：各种时态 语态：被动语态语态：被动语态 长句：状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句长句：状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句标准中的语法项目在教材的语言材料中表现为标准中的语法项目在教材的语言材料中表现为一个单元的课型包括一个单元的课型包括 功能对话课：功能对话课：Section A,Section ASection B Section B语篇阅读课：语篇阅读课：3a，Long reading单元复习课：单元复习课：Self check 综合运用课：听说读写综合训练综合运用课：听说读写综合训练语法教学：没有专门的语法课语法教学：没有专门的语法课 功能对话课中的句型学习功能对话课中的句型学习 语篇阅读课中的语言点和知识点学习语篇阅读课中的语言点和知识点学习 单元复习课和综合运用课中小结语法规则单元复习课和综合运用课中小结语法规则 语法教学应该在功能话题学习中、语篇阅读中、听说语法教学应该在功能话题学习中、语篇阅读中、听说 读写的训练中进行。不能脱离语境情景读写的训练中进行。不能脱离语境情景句子：句子：She asks her children to be polite to the old.句型：句型：ask sb.to do sth.语法：不定式复合宾语语法：不定式复合宾语 学生：易于记忆和掌握的学生：易于记忆和掌握的 事半功倍的事半功倍的 老师：应该教什么老师：应该教什么 句子句子句型句型句子句子+句型句型抽象，难于理解抽象，难于理解句型教学句型教学基本功能：基本功能：化繁为简，化零为整，化抽象为具体化繁为简，化零为整，化抽象为具体句型的定义：句型的定义：句子模式，公式，为交际服务，要求模仿句子模式，公式，为交际服务，要求模仿基本套路：基本套路：模仿模仿机械操练，套用机械操练，套用意义操练，活用意义操练，活用语言实践，小结语言实践，小结 获取正确的语音语调获取正确的语音语调 练口练口 交际交际 得公式得公式 获取正确的语言形式获取正确的语言形式 套用套用 做事情做事情 得方法得方法 得规律得规律 导入导入 呈现呈现 导入导入 呈现呈现 导入导入 呈现呈现 Chain drill 替换练习替换练习 小组活动小组活动 Pair work 扩展练习扩展练习 口头口头 team work 连句练习连句练习 书面书面 individual work 转换练习转换练习 阅读、完型、写作阅读、完型、写作句型教学句型教学基本方式：基本方式：新句旧词，新词旧句新句旧词，新词旧句 创设情景，集中操练，分散安排，大量重复创设情景，集中操练，分散安排，大量重复 新旧联系，归纳比较，适当变化，联系语法新旧联系，归纳比较，适当变化，联系语法 照顾全面，因材施教照顾全面，因材施教更多建议：更多建议：不孤立教句型，不附庸在功能对话或语篇中不孤立教句型，不附庸在功能对话或语篇中 以功能话题为依托，从情景、语境入手以功能话题为依托，从情景、语境入手 以任务为中心，活动为载体以任务为中心，活动为载体 学生主体，教师主导学生主体，教师主导 及时小结，归纳提炼及时小结，归纳提炼 落实到运用（用落实到运用（用pattern写对话，写语段）写对话，写语段）Unit 9 When was he born?Chengdu Railway Middle School Li Dan2.When was he born?1.Who is he?Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760-1791He is Mozart.He was born in 1756.1.Liu XuanBorn:19792.Ronaldo Born:19765.Mei Lanfang Born:18943.Tiger Woods Born:1975 4.Shirley Temple Born:1928 Read and fill in the blanks.Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760-17911.What did Mozart do?2.When did he start writing music?He wrote music.When he was 4 years old.1.What did he do?2.When did he start?started golfing10 years old10 months oldperformed Beijing Operabecame a movie star3 years oldstarted writing music4 years old17 years old17 years oldplayed for national team won a gold medal at World Championships Read and fill in the blanks.Born:1756Mozartwrote music4 years old/in 1760346 years agoon Friday every weekat 9:00 p.m.every day1760-1791 1.When did he start writing music?2.When did he start writing music every week?3.When did he start writing music every day?When he was 4 years old.On Friday.At 9:00 in the evening(In 1760.)(346 years ago.)Born:1756MozartStarted writing music4 years old1760-1791How long did he write music?He wrote music for 31 years.1975-2005How long did he/she?19041954时间点时间点at 11 in the morning,in 1993,12 years ago,on Friday,when he was 5 years oldHow longfor时间段时间段WhenWhen Vs.How longUse“How long”or“When”to fill in the blanks.1.did you start doing your homework last night?I started at 7 oclock.did you do your homework last night?I did it for 3 hours.3.did you begin to live in Chengdu?I began to live in Chengdu in 1992.5.do you have a P.E.class?We have a P.E.class on Friday afternoon.6.did Deng Yaping start playing ping-pong?When she was 5 years old.2.7.did he become a movie star?He became a movie star 5 years ago.4.were you born?I was born in 1978.whenHow longWhenWhenWhenWhenWhen Deng YapingBorn:1973Played ping-pongIn 19781978-1996David BeckhamBorn:1975Played soccerIn 19801980-2005for yearsWhats your hobby？years agoMiss LiWhos favorite person？A Report:Miss Li is a famous English teacher in Railway Middle School.She was born in 1977.She started teaching 5 years ago.She likes singing English songs.And I love her very muchInterview:Homework:According to the form,write a short report about the person you interviewed just now.(根据所填表格信息，写一篇名人采访报道。根据所填表格信息，写一篇名人采访报道。）语篇阅读中的语言点：新单词、新短语、长句等影响语篇阅读中的语言点：新单词、新短语、长句等影响 学生理解的阅读障碍。学生理解的阅读障碍。语篇阅读中的知识点：语法点、考点语篇阅读中的知识点：语法点、考点Closing-reading细读细读读细节，理结构，处理语言点读细节，理结构，处理语言点 知识点。知识点。语言点和知识点的处理方式：语言点和知识点的处理方式：语言点：语言点：1、包含在任务中、包含在任务中 2、学生提出、学生提出 3、做括号、引箭头、指关系、析长句、做括号、引箭头、指关系、析长句知识点：知识点：1、阅读过程中只勾画、阅读过程中只勾画 2、设计在作业中、设计在作业中 3、评讲作业时、单元总结时、评讲试卷时、评讲作业时、单元总结时、评讲试卷时七年级上册七年级上册11单元单元3a Section A:短语：短语：get up,have a shower,get to work,get home句子：句子：What a funny time to make breakfast!To get work,he takes the number 17 bus to the.Can you think what his job is?八年级上册四单元八年级上册四单元3a Section B:短语：短语：go to school on the bus,go to school by boat,walk to school,ride bikes to school,take trains to school句子：句子：In the places where there are rivers and lakes,students That must be more fun than taking a bus.八年级上册三单元八年级上册三单元3a Section B:句子：句子：I know there are many people there who speak French.语法教学语法教学基本原则：基本原则：重练习，少讲解重练习，少讲解 重实例，少规则重实例，少规则 重使用，少分析重使用，少分析 重综合，少单一重综合，少单一 基本特点：基本特点：多样性，层次性，交际性多样性，层次性，交际性 思维性，目的性，循环性思维性，目的性，循环性以实践为纲以实践为纲以技能为核以技能为核语法是手段语法是手段运用是目的运用是目的语法教学语法教学基本模式：基本模式：Three-step-model感性积累感性积累 理性上升理性上升 回到实践回到实践基本方式：基本方式：逐步渗透，自然习惯逐步渗透，自然习惯 提炼句型，列出公式提炼句型，列出公式 套用练习，语言运用套用练习，语言运用 具体方法：具体方法：创设情景，英英比较，英汉对比，图表概括，创设情景，英英比较，英汉对比，图表概括，实例转换，系统讲解，讲练结合，及时点悟实例转换，系统讲解，讲练结合，及时点悟提示注意提示注意观察发现观察发现分析思考分析思考归纳小结归纳小结补充完善补充完善得到规则得到规则六环节六环节 巩固练习巩固练习综合运用练习综合运用练习导入呈现导入呈现机械操练机械操练意义操练意义操练交际运用交际运用强化巩固强化巩固感性积累感性积累理性上升理性上升回到实践回到实践 语法练习的设计语法练习的设计:冠词冠词填空练习填空练习1.She plays_ piano at 8 and_ basketball at 10 in the morning.A.thethe B.the/C./D./the2._ old man has two sons.A.An B.The C.A D./3._coal costs 60 dollars _ ton at the moment.A./B.The C.A4.He is not at_ office.He is talking to his friend on the phone.A.an B.the C.a D./阅读理解阅读理解Once there lived an old woman.she had a very pretty cat.One day she lost her cat.She looked for it everywhere but couldnt find it.She was very disappointed.One evening she saw a cat lying by the roadside,almost dying.She was very happy and brought it home.Did she find her own cat?How do you know?被动语态被动语态结构转换练习：主动变被动，各种句式，各种时态结构转换练习：主动变被动，各种句式，各种时态英汉互译：英汉互译：1.孩子们穿戴好就带出去散步了。孩子们穿戴好就带出去散步了。2.南方产大米。南方产大米。3.大家说你会唱歌。大家说你会唱歌。4.有人找你。有人找你。5.老太太被风吹病了。老太太被风吹病了。6.这件衣服很耐洗。这件衣服很耐洗。in the tree,on the treeThere are many apples on the apple tree and some birds are eating them in the tree.in front of,in the front ofThe bus driver is sitting in the front of the bus and a boy is in front of the bus to stop it.短语比较短语比较