名词性从句考点解析

名词性从句考点解析刘洋 山东省淄博市淄川一中255100纵观近几年全国各地的高考题，对名词性从句的考察时时可见。名词性从句是英语语法三大从句系列之一，其地位之重要从高考题中可见一斑。名词性从句考题对学生来说既是重点又是难点，但如果明确了名词性从句的考点，问题即可迎刃而解。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下七个方面：考点一：考查名词性从句的句序1.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (2000年全国卷) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. These shoes look very good. I wonder _.（06年上海春招）A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost【解析】：在名词性从句中，除了引导词在从句之首外，其它部分应用陈述句的语序。第1题中因为不知道敲门的人是谁,在英语中习惯用it来代指,如在电话中问:Who is that ? 本题意为:门铃响了,你去看看是谁？第一题答案为：D，第2题选C。 考点二：考查引导词that与what的区别1. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. （2008浙江卷）A. what B. that C. which D. one2. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck. （2009江苏卷）A. as B. that C. which D. what【解析】：连词that在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;，而what在从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分，常含有疑问意义。what在名词性从句中，可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。第1题中what = the language that ,句意为：有的孩子通过学习一种与父母在家里说的不同语言来挑战自己。答案选A。第2题中what = the things that，what既在leave后面引导宾语从句，同时又在后面的句子中作主语，句意为：西方的年轻人希望把人生最重要的决定-婚姻全部寄托在运气上。答案选D。考点三：考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语1：It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海卷) A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that2：It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. （2009年天津卷）A. as B. which C. whether D. that语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。第1题正确答案为D。此题考查that引导的主语从句，用先行词it充当形式主语代替主语从句，而把主语从句后置，此句可以改写为：That eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life has been proved.第2题正确答案为C。此题考查的是用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放到后面。考点四：考查whether与if的区别 1: We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（06年江苏卷）A. if B. where C. whether D. that2: All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. （2008重庆卷）A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however【解析】whether与if当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if。第1题根据题意可知:我们还没有解决他是否有必要出国学习的问题，故正确答案为C，第2题选B。 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导,如:He asked if you would not go and see him.考点五.：考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 1: _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008浙江卷）A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who2: She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. （2009湖南卷）A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【解析】第1题中Whoever意为“任何人，无论谁”，引导主语从句并做从句的主语，相当于Anyone who。Anyone意为任何一个人，The one表示特指某一个人，都不能引导主语从句。Who可以引导主语从句但是表示疑问的意思。因此本题选C。第2题题考查名词性从句中连接代词的用法。what引导主语从句，又作句子的宾语，句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。连接词不是指人，故不能用whoever；whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who/those who。考点六:考查名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区别1: Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.（2009重庆卷）A. that B. when C. which D. where2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race .(2006年天津卷)A.that B. which C. until D.if【解析】这两道题都是考查that引导同位语从句。That既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句，其区别为：同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，通常用在idea，news，fact，promise，suggestion，belief，truth等名词的后面，即说明该名词所表示的具体内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。以后在处理“先行名词+that从句”这类题目时，可先去掉先行名词，如果句意完整，应属同位语从句；如果句意不完整，则属定语从句。如：He told me the news that our team won the match.（同位语从句）He told me the news that was very exciting.（定语从句）考点七： 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 1：-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to NewYork?-I agree ,but the problem is _ he refused to .(2005年江苏卷)A.will not be sent ;that B.not be sent ;that C.should not be sent; what D.should not sent ;what 【解析】本题考查it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语，necessary作宾语补足语时，从句的谓语要用“should + 动词原形”。 That引导表语从句，作he refused to的宾语。因此本题答案选B。在It is（was）形容词that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should + 动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。如：It was natural that my pictures should surprise themIt is necessary that we get everything ready by the end of the week.专项考点练习1. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that5.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 6.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 7.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 8. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because9. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that10. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break11.It remains a question _we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. which; what B. it; that C. what; when D. what; that13. It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what 14. It was ordered that all the soldiers _to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 15. The true value of life is not in _, but _. A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give 16. _surprised me most was _such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well. A.That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what Key to exercise:1-5 BABCC 6-10 DCADA 1116 ADACBB刘洋山东省淄博市淄川第一中学高三英语组 255100