讲义被动语态2次修改篇

中国教育培训诚信品牌负责人审核签字： 学员姓名： 年 级： 课时数：3课时 辅导科目： 学科教师：曹娟 校区名称： 授课日期及时段课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 专题课Teachig aims被动语态Teaching importance &Teaching difficulties被动语态的结构和用法、主动变被动的转化及主动表被动的意义教学内容 Step one :Review the last lessonStep two :Begin the new lesson被动语态 一、 引入1，笑话引入先给学生讲一个故事:有位科学家到南极考察，碰到一群企鹅，于是他问其中一个:你每天都干什么呀？那企鹅说：吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。他又问另外一只企鹅：你每天都干什么呀？那企鹅也说：吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。他问了很多企鹅，大家都说：吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。后来他遇到了一只小企鹅，很可爱的样子，就问道：小朋友，你每天都干什么呀？小企鹅说：吃饭、睡觉。科学家一愣，随即问道：你怎么不打豆豆啊？小企鹅说：因为我就是豆豆。个人中心帐号设置退出 今天我们要讲一个新的时态被动语态，而豆豆就是我们本节课的主角。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态（动作的执行者）和被动语态（动作的承受者）。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 （1），找宾语动作的承受者（2），判断宾语单复数be动词单复数（3），谓语动词的时态-be动词的时态（4），修饰谓语动词的时态原句的动词改为过去分词（5），修改原句的主语by+主语/宾语(可以省略)主动语态：Someone always beats Doudou.(动作的发出者是someone 动作的承受者是 Doudou)被动语态：1, 豆豆总是被打 。 Doudou is always beaten by someone.2,昨晚夜黑风高，豆豆又被打了。Doudou was beaten again yesterday evening.3,(明天豆豆还会面临N顿暴打)，可怜的豆豆啊！ Doudou will be beaten again tomorrow.4,可怜的(豆豆已经被打很多年)，命运一直没被改变。 Doudou has been beaten for many years5,我们亲爱的豆豆现在干嘛?不用问，一定(正在被打)。 Doudou is being beaten now.6,为什么我这么确定他现在正在被打？因为听说(昨天这个时候他正在被打)。 Doudou was being beaten at this time yesterday.7,(随时可能被打)的豆豆啊，谁来救救他啊？ Doudou may be beaten anytime.再次总结主动变被动的结构，并总结被动语态的构成。二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。 被动语态的结构一般以“be动词+done”为主，指主语是动作的承受者 时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 am/is/are（do） am/is/are+done一般过去时 was/were（did） was/were+done 一般将来时 will do will be+done 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being+done 现在完成时 has/have+done has/have+been+done 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done 过去将来时 would do/was/were going to do would be done/was/were going to be done 含情态动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be+done ps（例句中未呈现的过去进行时和过去完成时我们可以根据现在进行时和现在完成时对比总结出来）三、 被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 四、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.（1）时态保持一致。 I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/get用for;动词give/send/lend/take用to) Lily gave me a book.(双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语) - I was given a book by Lily -A book was given to me by Lily.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）（4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的 宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。 They call him Amy.-He is called Amy.（5）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.（6） 主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to wash the dishes.（7）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.（8）非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.（9）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、（1）.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）（2） 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？（3） 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。（1） 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。 （2） 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）（3） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)（4） 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.（5） 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.（6） 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）（7） 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。（1） “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。 例The building is under construction( is being constructed).（2）“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）（3）“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。 例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough（4）“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).（5）“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。 例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)（6）“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。 例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).（7）“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。 例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。（8）“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission 被动语态专项练习（ ） 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to（ ） 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. being developedD. will have been developed（ ） 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told（ ） 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed（ ） 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut（ ） 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed（ ） 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken（ ） 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up（ ） 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost（ ） 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building（ ） 11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt（ ） 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written（ ） 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed（ ） 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out（ ） 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out（ ） 16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to（ ） 17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read（ ） 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch（ ） 19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked（ ） 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching成就孩子美好未来，铸就自己精彩人生17