宾语从句讲解及练习张梦杰

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 专项练习及答案宾语从句三注意时态语序引导词主句一般现在时从句不需受限制主句一般过去时 从句须用相应时陈述句转化that引 一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing.（动词宾语）He asks him how long Mike has been down .（动词宾语）（了解）Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.（介词宾语）2连接词（1） 陈述句转化成宾语从句时 引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me （that） she would like to go with us.以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的 宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei .注意一般情况下whether和if可以互用但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲时引导的是条件状语从句这时不能用whether.（3）.特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时引导词用特殊疑问词引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况=当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时 句式结构应为引导词do you think，用陈述句语序。3宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时一般将来时或祈使句时 从句不受主句的限制 根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如Do you know if/whether he has seen the film ?2 b.当主句是一般过去时从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.注意当主句是一般过去时而从句表示的是客观真理自然现象科学原理格言等 从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如He said that the earth moves round the sun.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.4、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则 与主句的宾语一致如果是第三人称不用变化。如“May I use your knife He asked me.f He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number He asked me.f He asked me if I know her telephone number.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句用句号 主句是疑问句 用问号。如Who will give us a talk? I don?t know. f I don?t know who will give us a talk.Do you know Where does he live? f Do you know where he lives?步骤：1、根据原句确定连接词（that、if、whether、特殊疑问词）2、调整语序（陈述句）3、根据主句确定时态4、人称变化和标点的使用二、宾语从句的转化（了解）简化宾语从句常用六法。1.2.当主句谓语动词是hope wish decide forget plan agree等且主句主语与 从句主语相同时 从句可简化为不定式结构。如She agreed that she could help me with my maths.f She agreed to help me with my maths.2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾 语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词 不定式结构”。例如I dont know which sweater I should buyf I dont know which sweater to buy.3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时 从句的主语和间接宾语一 致 且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时 从句可以转化成“疑问词 不定式结构”，或者在连 代词/副词引导的宾语从句中当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时宾语从句可简化 为“连接代词/副词 不定式”结构。如 f Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是findsee watchhear等感官动词时从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构 宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.f She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题习题（一）（时态）1 The girls asked if theysome food and dri nk with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Cather ine said that sheto Gua ngzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever gone C. has n ever bee n D. had n ever bee n3 The stude nts want to know whether theydicta tion today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda ifgo and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moonround the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled习题（二）（连接词）1 Can you tell meyou were bor n, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose 习题（三）（语序）1. They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew .A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember .A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 习题（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved MyCheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区）A. that B. how C. What D. if2. I dont know Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. （杭州市）A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市）A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （ 重庆市）A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know Im going to see him.Sorry, I dont know. （北京市海淀区） A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think he the computerSorry, I have no idea. （南京市）A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me this morning. （重庆市）A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is JackHe is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure . （南昌市）A. that B. which C. where D. there参考答案：答案:1-5 A D C B C答案:1-7 C B B A A A C 答案:1-6 B D B A A C 答案:14 D A A D 58 C A C CAnswers一、选择题（2X15=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（ 1 X 20=20分） （请注意时态和语态两个 方面噢）1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn t been found 5. were cut6. are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1X 30=30 分）1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. neednt be done 6. is used for7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 （1X 10=10 分） was bought for me Is made in China covered with五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分） be done 改为 do listened 改为 listened to remembered 改为 was remembered is sounded 改为 sounds By who 改为 By whom被动语态专项练习（一）一、选择题( )1. a new library in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton (棉花)in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow()4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited(A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives)6.How many trees this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been planted D. planted)7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done)8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -La st year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used)9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known)5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written)11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us)12.The monkeywas seen off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump)10.Who this book ?)13.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can be putted D. can put)14.Older people well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after()15.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.1 ts said(据说)that the long bridge (build) in two mon ths.2. Where to have the meeting (discuss) now3. Which language the most widely(speak) in the world？4. The lost boy(not find) so far.5. Last year a large number of trees(cut) down.6. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He ( m u s t send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.9. What kn ives (make) of ?They（make） of metal（金属）and wood.10. Can the magazine （ta ke） out of the library?11. The room （clea n） by me every day.12. The stars cant （see） in the daytime.13. Some flowers （water） by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes （se l l ） well.15. How long your uncle （be） in the city?16. The food （s m e l l ） delicious.17. Look! Someone （dance）.三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。I. 1s tea grow n in South Chi na?（改为主动语态） pe op l e tea in South China？2.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year.（同义句转换）A birthday present by my parents every year3. The work is going to be finished in two days. （对划线提问）How the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. （改为被动语态）An English song by the children.5. You neednt do it now. （改为被动语态）It by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. （改为被动语态）Metal making machines.7. He made me do that for him. （改为被动语态）I that for him.8. They are watching the football match.The football match by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? （改为被动语态） a bridge here by them a year ago?10. They have sold out the light green dresses. （改为被动语态）The light green dresses o u t .II. We call the game “Lianliankan”. （改为被动语态）The game “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 The new bike （买给我）by my parents as apresent last week. you r mobile phone （是国产的吗） ? The whole mountain is （覆盖）the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 I have a lot of homework to be done toni ght. Is your history teacher liste ned carefully in class？ Lei Fen gs n ame remembered by all Chin ese people. The music is soun ded beautiful. By who was this new educa tional CD-ROM desig ned ?