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英语的基本句型 1. 主语 ( Subject ) 表示句子说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事”。 通常由名词、代词、主语从句或 doing短语等充当。 例如： 1. My teacher hates telling lies. （指老师这个 人） 2. Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years.所发生的事情 变化） 2. 谓语 ( Predicate ) 说明主语“做什么” “是什么” 或 “怎么样”。 通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。 要弄清两个概念： 及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词； 不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。 例如： 1. Children like playing games. 2. They were talking about a new film. 3. 宾语 ( Object ) 常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。 常由名词、代词、动词不定式或 doing短语等充当。 例如： 1. She has finished doing the experiment. 2. We like English and are good at it. 4. 表语 ( Predicative ) 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。 常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。 英语中常见的连系动词有 : look; sound; feel; seem等。 例如： 1. Her grandfather is an engineer. 2. The two countries were at war then. 3. The fact seems that he didnt notice the car. 5. 定语 ( Attributive ) 常指修饰名词的词或短语。 常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、 介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。 例如： 1. The black sweater is mine. 2. We have eight classes every day. 3. The coffee cup on the table is mine. 6. 状语 ( Adverbial ) 常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时 表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰 形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、 介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。 例如： 1. The miners work very hard. 2. She often helps Mike at school. 3. Hearing the news, he couldnt help jumping. 7. 宾语补足语 ( Object Complement ) 常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓” 关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式 或分词短语等充当。 例如： 1. She keeps the house clean every day. 2. Nobody calls me a liar. 3. We last saw him playing on the playground. 五种基本句型 1. 主语 +不及物动词 Everybody smiled. 2. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 He knows everything. 3. 主语 +双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 I showed him my passport. 4. 主语 +系动词 +表语 The boy looks healthy. 5. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +宾语补语 What made you angry? 祈使句的主语一般都省略掉 一 主语 +不及物动词 1.主语 +不及物动词 The sun is rising. It will snow. Can you fly? 2.主语 +不及物动词 +状语 Did you sleep well? She often dreams. You go first and I will follow behind. 3. 主语 +不及物动词 +副词 (构成成语动词 ) The engine broke down. How did the accident come about? The bomb blew up. 4.主语 +不及物动词 (有被动意思 ) Is the book selling well? Does this cloth wash well? 二 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 1.主语 +及物动词 +名词 (代词 ) Do you know them? He loved ice-cream. 2. 主语 +及物动词 +反身代词 Now I will introduce myself. They blamed themselves for the accident. 3. 主语 +及物动词 +不定式 (做宾语 ) We cant afford to pay such a price. You must try to improve. He forgot which way to go. 4.主语 +及物动词 +doing(做宾语 ) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? I prefer standing. I propose resting for half an hour. 5.主语 +及物动词 +从句 (做宾语 ) He claimed that he saw the accident. I suggested (that) we (should) leave early. Do you see why I did it? She asked if she might call and see me. Ill do what I can. I dont remember when that happened. 三 主语 +双宾动词 +间接宾语 + 直接宾语 1.主语 +双宾动词 +人 +物 She gave me her telephone number. (to) Ill make you some fresh tea. (for) They bought him a new bike. 2.主语 +双宾动词 +人 +从句 I have warned him that it is not allowed. She showed me where her leg hurt. Tell me whatever you know about it. 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, sell, send, show, teach, tell ,wish, read, write等。 间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有： buy, make, order, paint, play(演奏 )， choose, sing,等。 1.感官类： feel ,look, sound, taste, smell. 2.变化类： grow, become, turn, get, go 3.其他类： come true, fall ill , stay calm, keep fit, remain seated, stand still seem sad, appear rich, prove useful 四 主语 +系动词 +表语 1.主语 +系动词 +形容词 How are you? Im fine. He has fallen ill. They kept silent. 2.主语 +系动词 +名词 His dream has at last become a reality. He appeared a fool. It sounds a good idea. 3.主语 +系动词 +副词 Is Helen in? Summer is over. The light is on. 4.主语 +系动词 +介词短语 You know what you are after. Keep off the grass. The students are in favour of reform. 5.主语 +系动词 +不定式 His plan is to keep it secret. The only thing now is to take a taxi. 6.主语 +系动词 +doing My job is repairing cars. Talking to him is talking to a wall. His hobby is playing chess. 7.主语 +系动词 +表语 从句 My opinion is that the plan wont work. The question is what you want to do. Thats where we differ. Thats how I look at it. The problem is who can be put in charge. 8.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +介词短语 She is fond of this country. I was sick of lying in bed. They seem delighted with the result. 9.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +不定式 （原因状语） Im happy to meet you. She was eager to see her people. 10.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +宾语 从句 Im glad you have come. Were not clear what theyre up to. I am not certain who he is. Hes doubtful whether he can afford it. 五 .主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +宾 补 1.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +形容词 I thought her so nice and sincere. They didnt believe such a thing possible. You must make the classroom clean. 2.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +名词 They called their daughter Mary. We elected Smith our chairman. 3.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +介词短语 He put his books in order. This placed her in a very difficult position. She was placed in a very difficult position. 4.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +副词 She wished herself home. Dont leave me behind. 5.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +不定式 What do you advise me to do? I wish you to be happy. The teachers encourage us to keep trying. 6.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +不带 to的不定式 We cant let this go on. Did you notice him come in? 7.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +doing I saw her chatting with Nancy. I found a boy sleeping in class . You mustnt leave the lights burning. 8.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +过去分词 He had his hair cut yesterday. You must make yourself respected. You have to get the computer repaired. 练习 :判断下面的句子是哪种句型 1.Your sister dances beautifully. 2.They proved that the earth was round. 3.This food looks inviting. 4.Doing that would be playing with fire. 主谓 主谓宾 主系表 主谓宾 5.They kept their room tidy and clean. 6.He played happily. 7.I advise waiting till tomorrow morning 8.Show me what you bought. 9.She never doubted that she was right. 10.Good food keeps you healthy. 主谓宾宾补 主谓 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 11.The palaces were large and beautiful. 12.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. 13.A species can become endangered for different reasons. 主系表 主系表 主系表 14.Harry seems like a normal boy. 15.It sounded like a woman crying. 16.Tom suddenly felt cold. 17.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse. 主系表 主系表 主系表 主谓宾 18.Steve also wants us to think abut what we do. 19.I will tell my friends to protect the environment. 主谓宾宾补 主谓宾宾补 20.Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world; rock music makes people think abut the world and make their life better. 主谓宾宾补
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