浙江大学汉译英常用结构和句型

汉译英常用结构和句型一、主语（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重”原则（end weight ）】1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚 洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asia nations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development.2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。x The life of the people in the future will be better.7 The people will lead/ live a better life in the future.3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。x The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in Chinas development of the western region will increase.7 Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in Chinas development of the western region.4. 浙江大学建校100 年来，办学取得了巨大成功。x Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running.7 Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago.5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties.8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post.10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher in Hangzhou.11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people.（二）名词化12. 捕获萨达姆侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq.13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这 些事实都是有据可查的。The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all well-documented.14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活 力。Chinas entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth of China as well as other countries and regions in Asia and beyond.15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.16. 如果英国同意进行克隆，这将是世界上的首例。这也会促进其他国家放松对于胚胎研究 的限制。UKs approval of cloning, a world first, would encourage other countries to ease restrictions on embryo research.17. 两代人缺乏交流，代沟不断加深，这使得一些家庭深感烦恼。The widening generation gap resulting from the lack of communications between generations is upsetting some families.18. 新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy of the region.19. 黄色书刊及音像制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。The disappearance of such materials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and tapes is proof that Chinas campaign against porns is making progress.20. 农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫困的困境。 Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.21. 汽车数量与日俱增，大气污染日益加重，让城市的居民们倍感恼火。The urban dwellers are/feel exasperated by the constantly growing number of cars / automobiles and the increasingly severe air pollution.二、定语22. 产生的热量等于消耗了的电能。The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.23. 当向上的力与向下的力相等时，气球就保持在这一高度。The balloon stays at the level when the force upward equals the force downward.24. 据报道，今年全国应届大学毕业生面临前所未有的就业压力。It is reported that the graduates fresh from college all over the country this year are faced with unprecedented pressure of employment.25. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms.26. 上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心，接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于 与国际接轨。Many large companies in Shanghai have geared themselves to the international conventions by setting up after-sales services to accept repairs and deal with customers complaints.27. 从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹 住这股歪风。Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which, according to the press exposures, were rampant in some localities.28. 经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和 服务在全球范围内自由流动和优化配置，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深， 给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇。Economic globalization is the objective trend of the economic development in the world today, featured by the free flow and optimized allocation of capital, technology, information and service in the global context, making the economic interdependence and interaction between various countries ever stronger, and has brought about new driving forces and opportunities for the economic development of all countries in the world.29. 大部分反对转基因食品的呼声来自于富裕的西方国家，那里的人民生活富足，不愁温饱。 Opposition to genetically modified foods had come mostly from rich Western countries, whose people had more than enough to eat.30. 美国报纸和世界其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也 有严肃报刊，聚焦时事新闻，分析国际时事。Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.31. 英特尔是世界上最大的微处理器制造商，虽然劳动力市场紧俏，英特尔却大获成功。 Intel, the worlds largest microprocessor maker, experienced a surge of success in a tough labor market.32. 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛 大学保持着学术交流。Harvard, one of the first American universities to accept Chinese students, has all along maintained academic exchanges with the Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities.三、状语（一） 现在分词33. 游行队伍唱着歌，呼着口号，浩浩荡荡穿过广场。Singing and shouting slogans, the parade moved across the square like a flood.34. 他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。Taking advantage of the two-day off, he basked in the spring sunshine with his family.35. 从车窗里瞥见寒风中的一个无家可归的小乞丐，一阵伤感涌上她的心头。x Catching a glimpse of / spotting a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her.7 When she caught a glimpse / sight of / spotted a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her.（二） 独立主格36. 由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low.37. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.（三）过去分词短语38. 浙江大学前身求是书院成立于1897 年，为中国人自己最早创办的新式高等学府之一。 Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University was initially known as “Qiushi Academy” , one of the earliest modern institutions of higher learning established in China.39. 如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.（四）动词不定式、形容词（短语）、介词（短语）、连词等40. 为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。To fully tap the human resources, the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged.41. 虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里、但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。 Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.42. 要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.43. 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia.44. 这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.45. 如果伟大的国家互相为敌，那么，他们便无法相互汲取长处。Great nations, if adversaries, cannot draw from each others strengths.（五）定语从句46. 我爷爷明天就满 80 岁了，但他仍然热衷与户外运动。My grandpa, who will be eighty tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.47. 他想写一篇文章，引起公众对这件事的注意。He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.48. 听说经理病了，不会来参加今天的会议了。The manager, who is said to have fallen ill, wont come to the meeting today.49. 新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。Journalists should firmly object to the payoff-aimed journalism which deviates from the press ethics.四、句型1. It is said / reported / predicated / believed / asserted / supposed / well-known / generally considered. that. 据It must be admitted / pointed out. that.预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。It is predicted that the car purchasers in China will amount to 3 million in the near future.到 2008 年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到 10%。The annual average growth rate of national economy is estimated to reach 10% by the last quarter of 2008.必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated.看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。人们常说科学是把双刃剑，增长了财富，带来了安逸的同时，也使人们恐惧着克隆人之 类的潜在危险。Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning.2. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, advisable, convenient, comfortable) for sb. to do sth.人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日 益增长的需求。It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.3. It is/was. that / who.是他最先得知消息，说谢晋导演前一天去世了。It was he who received the message that Mr. Xie Jin, a movie director, died in the previous day.4. It is not that. but that. 这不是说. ，而是说. 这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上 或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计 量上必然更加准确。It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.5. 就而言；在方面 in terms of.; in light of.; in respect of.6. 以.为目的；为了 with a view to doing.; for the purpose of.; in the hope of.; in order to / that.; so as to.7. 鉴于； 考虑至U in consideration of.; in the spirit of.8. 由于； 因为 thanks to; owing to; because of.; due to; to attribute. to.9. （如此）以至于 so / such. that.; to go so far as to.10. 容易；（很）可能 . is （most） likely to do.; tend to do.; be inclined to.; be apt to do.It is subject to coughs, asthma, and the like. 易得咳嗽、气喘等类似的病。11. 是为了； 用于 be designed to do.; be intended for.这样做是为了促使学生学习，而学习应当是学生生活中迫切的任务。It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life.12. 显然易见；显然 it is evident / self-evident / obvious that.不管他怎样同时采取军事和外交行动，他走的显然将不得不是一条极其脆弱的钢丝。Whatever combination of military and diplomatic action is taken, it is evident that he is having to tread an extremely delicate tight-rope.13. 擅长于 be good / apt at.; be experienced in.14. 应当；注意；必须；安排；优先应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。Attention should be paid to the effective measures to prevent air pollution. 优先发展科技教育。Priority will be given to development of science, technology and education. 组织实施好“西电东送”、“西气东输”等重点工程。Proper arrangements will be make for carrying our important projects such as the facilities to divert electricity and gas from the west to the east.必须努力扭转当前经济的下滑趋势，反对贸易保护主义。Efforts should be made to reverse the current economic downturn and fight against protectionism in trade.15. 只要/只有才能 only by doing. can we.; only in this way can.; before.; unless. 我们对问题要作全面分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 只有在提高效率的前提下保持快速的经济增长，我们才能缓解生产经营困难，减轻就业 压力，促进经济结构调整，增加财政收入，防范金融风险，保持社会稳定。Only by maintaining a fast economic growth on the basis of improved performance can we relieve the operational difficulties of enterprises, reduce the pressure of unemployment, promote economic restructuring, increase the State revenue, prevent financial risks, and maintain social stability.在新世纪里，只要充分发挥自己的优势，亚洲一定能够为促进世界的和平与发展做出更 多的贡献。Asia will surely make a greater contribution to world peace and development in the new century as long as it gives full play to its advantages.16. 基于一个前提；在的前提下/条件下 on the premise/ ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presupposition that.; on condition that.; provided that. / given / given that. 中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界 上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。17. 不但， 而且not only., but also.中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的 根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平。The reunification of China and her prosperity not only represent the vital interests of the people of different nationalities on the mainland and those of the compatriots of various nationalities in Taiwan, but also favor the peace in the Far East and the world.18. 一方面，另一方面 on (the) one hand.; on the other (hand); for one.; for another19. 即；也就是说 that is (to say); i.e.; namely; to wit;20. 总之；简言之 all in all; in short; in a nutshell21. 突然想到 it occurs to sb. that.22. 可以说 it can be said without exaggeration that.; it is safe to say that.23. 直到才 not until; not. until直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.24. cannot. too再也不过分；越越好；应该校对时越仔细越好。You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 我们应该十分重视这件事情。We cant attach too much importance to the matter.25. other. than 或 other than 不同于；非；除了当这些反应物放在一起时,常发生不希望有的一些反应。Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together. 除了窗之外，屋子的其他部分都完好无损。All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.26. the last N. to V. 最不可能的She would be the last person to go along with the scheme. 他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。Thats the last thing Id expect you to do. 那是我最不期望你做的事情。27. 无需 spare the trouble to do.不遗余力 spare no effort to do. 网上购物的优点之一就是购物者无需亲临现场，既省时又省力。One of the advantages of online shopping is that it spares the shopper the trouble to go to the shop in person, saving him both time and energy.28. only to 结果却【表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果】 他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院，买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目 令人失望。They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.29. 远不；根本不；只不过是 not nearly; by no means, far from; anything but; nothing but 食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危 机。The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the population growth, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式 ,也就是对一切现象进行思索并给 以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.30. to say nothing of; not to speak of; not to mention; let alone; much less; still less; worse still 更不要说，更不用说 旧中国几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。In old China, there was hardly any industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. 那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. 他们有了 3 个好儿子，而且还有2 个可爱的女儿。They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters. 我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。I dont know algebra or geometry, let alone / not to mention calculus. 我不同意这种罢工行为，更谈不上参加了。I could not agree to, much less / still less participate in such strike.31. no more . than .和一样都不心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than it is to acquire knowledge. 获取知识不易，传授知识也不易。32. 没能够；不能 fail / failure政府官员如果严重违法，或是玩忽职守就会被免去职务。Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly as well as for serious violations of law.失约 failure to keep a promise 我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us. 当他最需要朋友的时候，他们却令他失望。His friends failed him when he most needed them. 到最后我说不出话来了。Words failed me at the last minute.33. 以方式 / 形式 in form of.; by means of.34. 决不 in no case / circumstance / sense / way should.35. 一定(会)；注定 be sure / bound / destined / doomed to do.; surely; certainly; necessarily 西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国与中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济的共同发 展、共同繁荣。The great development of the western area is bound to serve as a bridge linking China to the rest of the world to promote their common economic development and prosperity.36. 达到 amount to.; reach; total;到 2007 年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500 美元。The per capita GDP in Shanghai is estimated to reach US. $ 7,500 by 2007.37. 占百分之 take up; constitute; account for38. 居/排在第位：rank后接序数词the first/second. in等。 中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。x Chinas GDP ranks the sixth globally, but its per capita GDP ranks the 138th.7 China ranks the 6th in its GDP globally, but (ranks) the 138th in its per capita GDP. 香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。Hong Kong ranks among the best in its film-making.39. 表倍数等 as. as.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. 电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light. 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.40. 要么，要么leave sb the choice of or either. or. 敌人冷酷无情，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.年过三十，要么成家，要么单身。The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.41. 都不 neither. nor.; no.42. 有助于； 有利于 be the instrument of sth.; be conducive to sth.; facilitate运动有益于健康。Exercise is conducive to health.他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.43. 追溯到 it was the memory/memories of.; it can be dated back to.追溯到 1964 年东京及 1988 年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转 折点。Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were con sidered tur ning points in their n ati ons developme nt.追溯到 1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击，从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.44. 与. 有关的情况或问题 a matter of sth. / doing sth.处理这些问题全凭经验。Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，贫穷与其说是生活在贫穷的 国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventually, being poor wont be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.”45. 必不可少的；不可或缺的 be indispensible for.46. 这恰如；正如；也会 This is the similar case with/when; the same is true of. 这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。 This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozarts musical pieces.除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。Besides, this is also the case with the citizens expenditure such as education, information, traveling.Vice versa 反之亦然47.