长沙市一中专项复习2单项选择.ppt

单项选择填空 长沙市一中 2013届高三 英语专题复习 单 项 填 空 题 高考题型专题复习 命题特征 解题技巧 专题练习 命题要点 单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征 知识覆盖面广 语境地位突出 交际性原则明确 试题题干新颖 迷惑性较大 灵活性较高 连 词 、 代 词 形 容 词 、 副 词 介 词 搭 配 惯 用 短 语 情 态 动 词 动 词 语 态 句 子 结 构 动 词 时 态 非 谓 语 动 词 解题技巧： 还原法 排除思维定势 克服汉英差异 注意题干惯性 区分形近义近词 弄清语言环境 一 .还原法 题干以省略句 ， 疑问句 ， 被动句 ， 倒装句 ， 强调句或使用从句等形式 ， 避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构 ， 从而 达到加大难度 。 例如： 1. To all of you _ the honor for the success A belongs to B belong to C belongs D belong 分析：倒装句，还原后为： The honor for the success belongs to all of you. c 2. Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns 分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time _our lessons well. C 3.What made her mother so angry? _the exam. A. Because she did not pass B. Her not passing C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing 分析；将题干改写为： _the exam made her mother so angry. B 将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等 还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余 的部分删除。 解题决窍 ： 二 .排除思维定势 利用思维定势的影响来设题 ， 这是最容易让 我们 上当的题 。 因为 我们 背记了许多语法规则 ， 词汇 ， 词的固定搭配 和句子结构等 ， 做题 时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则 ， 结 构 和局部固定搭配 ， 往往在没有完 全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选 择 ， 结果当然出错 。 例如： 1.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom. A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping C 3. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to？ A. that B. where C. why D. when B A 4. What do you think of the plan? I feel _that we ought to give it up at once. A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strong A 2. -Where did you get to know the professor? -It was at a chemistry lab _ he often made experiments. A. that B. where C. which D. in which 正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤 其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及 句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。 解题决窍 ： 三 .克服汉英差异 英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面 具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差 异出题。如汉语的 “ 参加 ” 在许多情 况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试， 参军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语 用不同的动词， 如 : take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如： 2. Tom was the student _ the window. A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. who broke B D 1. A knife and fork _ needed for you to have western-style food. You here _ a logic subject. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are A 3. -Does Mary work here? -No. It has been three years since she _ here. A. worked B. didnt work C. had worked D. hadnt worked 留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读 多比较 多归纳， 尽量避免 Chinglish。 解题决窍 ： 四 . 注意题干惯性 此种类型的题多以对话形式出现 ， 我们 答题往往会借助原题干的动 词时态和结构等来判断选项 ， 结 果造成错选 。 例如： 1. Alice, you sweep the floor today, ? But I did it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you 2. -You havent been to Beijing, have you? -_. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent B D 3. It was so difficult a problem _ no one could work out! A. that B. which C. as D. 不填 c 1）补全对话； 2）分清角色 。 由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较 简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问 答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。 解题决窍 ： 五 .区分形近义近 短语 把相似 、 相近的词语或结构放在一 起作为干扰选项 ， 或将一个固定短语 拆开命题 ， 这都是常见的命题思路 。 若我们 基础知识掌握不牢 就 难于区分 。 例如： 1. The films made by Disney _ all over the world. A are used to show B are used to showing C used to be shown D used to show 2. I really admire how _ she is to _ the rights and dignity of women. A. devoting; defend B. devoted; defending C. devoting; defend D. devoted; defend B C 1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思； 2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义 词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。 解题诀窍 六 . 弄清语言环境 命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间 背景标示出来 ， 而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子 中 ， 稍不注意就会错选 。 例如： 1. -Do you serve in the army? -No. But I _ in the army for two years. A. have served B. had served C. served D. was serving 2. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying A 3. She plans to buy me a birthday gift, _ worthy of the honor of being owned by me. A. the one B. something C. which D. what B C 1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态 的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中， 同时注意揣摩命题者的意图； 2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词 的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。 解题诀窍 七做一点句型转换题，一举数得。 1. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. （使用名词性从句） 2. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句 ) 3. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型 ) 4. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚 拟语气） What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. Have a try Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help. 5. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词 ) 6. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用 v-ing形式 ) 7.I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句） 8.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句） 9 He was sent abroad the moment he came back. (使 用倒装句 ) No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. Singing and laughing, they went back to school. No matter what he says, I wont believe it. Study hard and youll make rapid progress. 1 推敲 体会为主 近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设 置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质 量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意 图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全 面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常 言说 “ 磨刀不误砍柴工 ” ，这有助于提高答题准确率。 2 运用 实践为主 根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写 的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应 该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化 语言实践的效果。 提高语境选择题解题质量的思考 3 提高 -精练为主 单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适 用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前 提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。 因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精 练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之 目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功 倍的效果。 Have a try The car is already full, so there is no _ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area Li Lin came _ in the English speaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds We made Tom _ monitor of our class and _ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the Lucy, as well as her friends, _ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read Each boy and each girl_reading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to -Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. -OK, I want to buy _. A. it B. that C. one D. the one 7.This is so difficult a question _ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Dont be afraid to ask for help _ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.-Can I stay in Beijing for a week? -No, not that long. Just a _ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man _ us, we finished the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 11. In their opinion, this film is _ one than the other two. A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better 12. -Why didnt you study medicine? - -I desired _ into trade, but later I decided to study English. A. going B. to have gone C. to go D. to going