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（1）Unit 1 Food matters第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A There has been a debate for some time that food can be addictive(上瘾的). Most researchers may not agree with it. But this spring, experts on health discovered that for some, obesity(肥胖症) is an addiction like smoking. One month earlier, a lecture showed that food and drug addictions have much in common, especially in the way that both damage the parts of the brain involved in pleasure and self-control. Earlier this year, some scientists carried out brain-scan studies on children who looked at pictures of chocolate milkshakes (奶昔) and later ate the milkshakes. Children who are regular ice-cream eaters may require more and more ice cream for the reward centres(奖励中枢) of their brains to tell that they are satisfied. However, meditation and exercise can help the brain to overcome food addiction. Food addicts(嗜食者) should look for alternatives that still give pleasurea fruit smoothie, for example, instead of ice cream. Food addiction seems to be linked to the types of foods were eating. Its easier for human body to deal with foods found in nature, not processed(加工的) foods. When a highly processed food is eaten, the body may go uncontrollable. Potatoes are not addictive, but when they are processed into chips, what happens? Products like chips are described as super-delicious foods. They were the right combination of something salty, sweet and fatty along with mouth-feel.1.Why may regular ice-cream eaters need more ice cream over time?A.To stop being addicted to it.B.To meet the needs of the brain.C.To control the centre of the brain.D.To satisfy the needs of the stomach.2.What does the underlined word alternatives in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Replacements.B.Fruits.C.Methods.D.Drinks.3.What can we know from the last paragraph?A.Processed foods are healthier.B.People are born with food addiction.C.Processed foods usually have a better taste.D.Processed foods are usually more expensive.B According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the Ill have what shes having effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?1.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.2.What does the underlined word beanpoles in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.4.On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.C My grandma is the best pie maker in the world. So when she called me to say that one of her pies was missing, I knew that it was serious. I hurried to Grandmas house and suddenly realized that I hadnt visited her in a long time. Start from the beginning, I said. I cut the pumpkin pie into six pieces, she began. A pumpkin pie! My favourite kind! This is even more serious than I thought. I took out a small notebook and a pencil. Now, when did you last see this pie? You mean the whole? I baked it this morning, said Grandma. Then the doorbell rang. It was the leaf collector. Just as I suspected, I said, writing down leaf collector. He stole the pie. Oh, no, Grandma said. He just wanted me to know that he had finished. I gave him a piece for his good job. I put a line through leaf collector. Then what happened? When I went outside with his piece, the mail carrier was there. She told me she could smell that pie all the way. Aha! I wrote down mail carrier. She stole the pie. No, I gave her a piece myself. Go on, please. I said. Then the phone rang, and it was my neighbour, Gloria Ketchum with the cats. I nodded and wrote G. K. She calls me every day to see if I need anything. So I invited her and her daughter over for some pie. Grandma! No one stole the pie. You gave away all the pieces. One to the leaf collector. Another to the mail carrier. You and Gloria each had one. And her daughters is five. Altogether six pieces! Grandma said. Maybe it was one of Glorias cats, or maybe a monster took it. Grandma hid her face in her handkerchief; I couldnt tell if she was laughing or blowing her nose.I had to search for more clues. I opened the door of the refrigerator and asked, Whats this? Grandma looked surprised. Thats it! she said, Ill just warm it up. You must be hungry from the work, Jane! I did find the pie. And it was delicious, just as I suspected.1.Who got a piece of pie for bringing Grandmas groceries?A.The leaf collector.B.The mail carrier.C.The neighbour.D.The author.2.What is Grandmas real reason for calling the author?A.She found a piece of her pumpkin pie missing.B.Someone was needed to look into the strange case.C.The author did well in making the right judgement.D.She wanted to find a good excuse to meet the author.3.Why didnt the author open the fridge at first?A.Because she believed the pie was stolen.B.Because she didnt know where the pie was.C.Because she didnt want to ruin the game.D.Because she thought Grandma made a mistake.4.What does the passage mainly tell us?A.He who laughs last laughs best.B.You are the apple of my eye.C.Honesty is the best policy.D.Observation is the best teacher.D One of the most popular street food found in China is no doubt the barbecue. A new programme, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals on just about every street comer in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat is an important part of peoples nightlife. Shown on June 20, the programme has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site . To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV programme telling stories from late night informal Japanese bars. Im happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good programme, and we share the same topicnight food, Chinese Barbecues director Chen Yingjie said. However, they are quite different. He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was some conversation while people were eating. However, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively atmosphere. People eating these barbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness. The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from homemade food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship. The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship. The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward the barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth produced by fire. What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is because with its special ingredients(食材), ways of cooking and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do, said Chen.1.What do we know about Chinese Barbecue?A.It has been becoming very popular on the Internet.B.It is thought highly of by most of the foreign tourists.C.It mainly talks about the most famous Chinese food.D.It shows the colourful nightlife in large cities of China.2.In which way was Chinese Barbecue different from Midnight Diner?A.It showed more kinds of food.B.It focused more on the diners.C.It showed the eating habits.D.It was less popular than Midnight Diner.3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The importance of the barbecue to family.B.The influence of the barbecue on peoples manners.C.The influence of the barbecue on peoples lifestyle.D.The role of the barbecue in peoples relationship.4.Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series?A.To show the feature of Chinese food.B.To research a special way of cooking.C.To help the world understand China.D.To introduce the history of the barbecue.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ketchup(番茄酱) is a magical little dressing. It has a sweet and salty bite and makes just about any food more appetizing._ So how did ketchup become best friends with French fries? Lets start at the beginning._ In fact, the first ketchup recipe did not include tomatoes! Instead the Chinese made it from salted fish. Doesnt sound as appetizing as todays dip, does it?_ In the 1900s it started making its way to everyones dinner tables and refrigerators when the Heinz family bottled and sold it. Ketchup underwent another makeover in the 1970s with the rise of high-fructose com syrup (高果糖玉米糖浆).Americas favourite way to eat vegetables originated not in France as the name suggests, but in Belgium. When French fries made their way onto the scene in Europe in the early 1800s, ketchup, as we now know it, had not been invented yet. Americans accepted the side dish in the 1930s and enjoyed them fried in beef fat._ There are reports of early adopters dipping their fries in ketchup from as early as the late 1800s, but the trend didnt take off in America until the 1940s. As the popularity of fast food restaurants grew, so did the desire to dip our fries in that tasty red sauce. Fast food restaurants started serving French fries with ketchup._A.You can even clean with it!B.We have been hooked since.C.They didnt find ketchup delicious at all.D.Then French fries were invented to go with ketchup.E.In their birthplace, fries are served with salad dressing.F.Red, tomato-based ketchup didnt appear until much later.G.Ketchup has been around for centuries but in a completely different form.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a town of Italy. As we enjoyed our coffee, a man entered and sat beside us. He called the waiter over, saying, Two cups of coffee, one of them there on the 1 . We heard his order with2 and noticed that he was served one cup of coffee3 he paid for two. When he left, the waiter put a piece of paper on the wall saying A Cup of Coffee. While we were still there, two other men entered and4 three cups of coffee, two on the table and one on the wall. They had two but paid for5 . This time also, the waiter did the same thing. It was6 unusual for us. After a few days, we had a chance to enter this coffee shop again. While we were enjoying our coffee, a man7 appeared homelessentered. He looked at the wall and said, One cup of coffee from the wall. The waiter served a cup of coffee to this man with8 . The man had his coffee and left without9 . We were amazed to watch all of this as the waiter 10 a piece of paper off the wall and threw it into the bin. Now it was no surprise for usthe matter was very 11 . The people of this town showed great respect for those people who needed help. Just think about 12 this man wanted. He didnt have to lose his face to ask for a(n) 13 cup of coffee. 14 asking or knowing who was giving him this cup of coffee, he only looked at the wall, placed an order, 15 his coffee and left. Its a truly beautiful thingprobably the most beautiful wall anywhere in the world.1.A.tableB.wallC.paperD.bin2.A.interestB.prideC.painD.worry3.A.untilB.soC.butD.if4.A.offeredB.orderedC.drankD.left5.A.noneB.oneC.twoD.three6.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.something7.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what8.A.respectB.satisfactionC.regretD.pity9.A.askingB.bookingC.replyingD.paying10.A.broughtB.carriedC.tookD.laid11.A.importantB.clearC.directD.correct12.A.howB.whenC.whatD.that13.A.freeB.expensiveC.lowD.cheap14.A.WithB.WithoutC.BeforeD.After15.A.sharedB.boughtC.preferredD.enjoyed第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Peng and Yong Hui are couples. Before they got married, they opened their own restaurants and competed fiercely. Wang Peng thought his meal was good and his restaurant ought to be full of people, but they all went to a newly-opened restaurant_ belonged to Yong Hui. Driven by _ (curious), Wang Peng came in and _ (give) a menu. He was amazed at the _ (limit) food with high prices. But Yong Hui told the customers that they could lose weight_ they ate there every day. He couldnt have Yong Hui _ (get) away with telling lies. After doing research, he realized that neither his restaurant_ Yong Huis offered a healthy diet. Arriving home, Wang Peng rewrote his own sign and hoped to win his _ (customer) back. But Yong Hui came to his restaurant glaring_ him angrily. Instead of arguing, they chatted and thought they should combine their ideas and provide_ balanced menu with foods full of energy and fiber. After some time, they cooperated and got married.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分） 假定你是李华，得知你的外国朋友Mark对中国美食很感兴趣，决定暑假来中国学做中国菜。请你给他写封信，内容包括： 1.对Mark的决定点赞； 2.简要介绍中国美食； 3.邀请他到你家做客。 注意： 1.词数为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_第二节 （满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。所续写短文的词数应为150左右。 Im a devoted environmentalist. Every month I bring several bags of carefully cleaned bottles to the recycling center, pour them into blue barrels(桶) for weighing, and walk away with a few dollars per bag. The last time I went, there was a long line. A white-haired man was growing impatient with the clerk, who explained that the scale(秤) was not working and would have to be reset. The elderly man rolled his eyes as the clerk apologized for the delay(拖延) and said that it would just take another minute. His air of dissatisfaction was obvious as he tapped one foot and folded his arms across his chest. The next person in line was a bearded man whose hair was so messy that it looked like he had been through a windstorm. His clothing was mismatched and dirty and hung loosely as if he had lost a lot of weight. He looked up at me from behind a blue barrel filled with glass bottles. I was looking for empty barrels when he handed me one. Here, you dont need to get your hands dirty, he offered with a shy smile. He was right about one thing. Those barrels are really dirty, with enough spilled soda and beer to attract numerous bees and flies. I always come equipped with wipes and have occasionally worn gloves. Normally, when a man offers to help me carry something, I always say, I can do it or Thanks but I dont need any help. There was, however, the fellow with honesty that made me hard to refuse. I thanked him for the barrel and began to open my first bag. I can help you with that, he offered.Paragraph 1:Again I wanted to tell him that I could do it myself. _Paragraph 2:I decided to reward him for his kindness. _答案以及解析第一部分 阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3.BAC解析：1.推理判断题。【关键句】Children who are regular ice-cream eaters may require more and more ice cream for the reward centres of their brains to tell that they are satisfied.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,经常吃冰激凌的孩子可能需要越来越多的冰激凌,这是为了满足大脑中奖励中枢的需要。因此B项符合题意。meet在此处意为满足。2.词义猜测题。【关键句】Food addicts should look for alternatives that still give pleasurea fruit smoothie, for example, instead of ice cream.【解析】根据关键句的叙述,尤其是其中的instead of ice cream可以推知,画线词也含有替代品,取代之意。replacement意为替代品,替换物,符合题意。fruit意为水果;method意为方法;drink意为饮料。3.推理判断题。【关键句】Potatoes are not addictive, but when they are processed into chips, what happens? Products like chips are described as super-delicious foods. They were the right combination of something salty, sweet and fatty along with mouth-feel. 【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,由土豆加工而成的薯片非常好吃。由此可以推知,加工过的食品通常有着更好的味道。因此C项符合题意。B答案：1-4.DDAC解析：1.考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的内容消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究表明,我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量,而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食可知,最近的研究主要与饮食行为有关,故D项正确。2.考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据contrary to可知,画线词与heavier people含义相
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