2023年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案新编

2023年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案第l部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth Atake outBbreak off Cpush in Ddig up 2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September AplayBshow CsendDtell 3 This table is strong and durable Along-lastingBextensive Cfar-reachingDeternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired AfiredBresigned Cdied Dretreated 5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror AsmilingBlaughing CshoutingDstaring 6 The index is the governments chiefgauge of future economic activity AmeasureBopinion Cmethod Ddecision 7 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first AworkableBreasonable Cpossible Davailable 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water AboiledBpolluted CmixedDsweetened 9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position AmaintainBbetter CacquireDsupport 10 She stood there，trembling with fear AjumpingBcrying Cmoving Dshaking 11 Medical facilities are being upgraded AexpandedBrepaired CimprovedDtransferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous AinterestingBdangerous CattractiveDuseful 13 John is eligible for this job AacceptedBrecommended Crejected Drecommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production AinvolveBdecrease Cspeed up Dgive up 15 Mary looked pale and weary AworriedBugly Csilly Dexhausted第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 假如该句提供的是对的信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请在 答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes(龙卷风)andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandinto TrumbullCountyonSaturdayeveningThestormsweredramaticanddangerous GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel (漏斗状的)cloudwasbehindhim“IstoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloudItwas about100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhileItwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared”Snydersaid Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioon SaturdayInTrumbullCounty，atornadoturnedtreesontotheirsidesSometreesfellonto housesandcarsOthertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan“Iknewsomethingwas wrong,”hesaid“Isawtheskygogreenandpink(粉红色)Thenitsoundedlikeatrain rushingtowardthehouseIstartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor protection” Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesintheareaItwilltakealongtime andmuchmoneytorepaireverythingTherewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthe thunderstormsTheheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes ThestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriverMorethanfourinchesofrainfell inpartsofTrumbullCountyTheriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwaterThismadeitdifficult forfiretrucks，policeCars，andotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble ManypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafetySome peoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomesLocalandstateofficialsopenedemergency sheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated(撤走)TheRedCrossservedmealstothem “Thiswasareallyintensestorm，”saidSnyder“PeoplewereafraidMotherNaturecanbe fierceWewereluckythistimeNoonewaskilled” 16TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 17GeorgeSnyderwasafirefighter ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 18AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan. ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 19Powersupplysystemwasnotdamagedduringthestorm ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 20TherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 21Rescuevehicleshadahardtimegettingtopeople ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 22Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给的6个选项 中为第1-4段每段选择1个对的的小标题；(2)第27,-30题规定从所给的6个选项中选 择4个对的选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 EarthAngels 1JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts(烟头)werelittering herhometownbeachinIsleofPalms，SouthCarolinaWhenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyears fortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrate，shedecidedtotakeactionJoyinglauncheda“No ButtsontheBeach”campaignSheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthe beachesdeanWiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-size plasticicecreambucketsThebucketswerefilledwithsand。andplacedata11public-access areasofthebeachThebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthe beachTwoyearslater。Joyingsaysthebucketsarefunandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarette debris(残片) 2Peoplewho1iveinorvisitSteamboatSprings，ColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankfor anewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiverThe planwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchoo1. WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaand speciesofanimalslivingthereTheyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthings。where fencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt 3BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoilItstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafterone ofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoria。TexasThey didsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater-arealdangerinrural areaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheir1andThegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoiland workedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissueNowthe“DontBeCrude”program runsoilcollectionsites-tanksthatholdupto460gallons-wherepeopleinthecommunitycan disposeoftheiroil 4Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream：forallthe peopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwaterHisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhe 1earnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidnthavecleanwater，andthatas1ittleas$70 couldbuildawell“Wereallytakewaterforgranted，”saysRyan，ofKemptville，Ontario，in Canada“Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit”Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextra chores(零工)，butwiththehelpofothers，hehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyansWellFoundation，whichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealthrelatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries 23Paragraph1 24Paragraph2 25Paragraph3 26Paragraph4 AProvideCleanWater BDig0ilWells CSaveCleanWater DDontLitter EDontBeCrude FProtectWildlife 27Joyingplacedthebucketsatallpublic-accessareasto 28PeoplearegratefultoCarterDunhamforhiseffortsto 29Disposedoilandmanyotheritemscanbereusedto 30Ryan，withthehelpofothers，isfulfillinghisdreamofhelpAfricanpeopleto第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容， 从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 TechnologyTransferinGermany Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatch GermanySincethe1940sthenationsvastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstream ofnewideasandexpertisefromscienceAndthoughGermanprosperity(繁荣)hasfaltered(衰 退1overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobal economicdecline，itstillhasanenviable(令人羡慕的)recordforturningideasintoprofit MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety，anetworkofresearch institutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesoughtaftertechnologiesBut todaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetitionUniversitiesaretakinganeverlargerrolein technologytransfer，andtechnologyparksarespringingupalloverTheseeffortsarebeing complementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience， eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideasIfeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur (公司家)，theargumentgoes，thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeing curiositydriven，fleeandwidelyavailablewillSufferOthersclaimthatmanyofthe programmestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmall businessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears milethisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermanysresearch networks，whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz，MaxPlanckandLeibnizYetitisthe fourthnetwork，theFraunhoferSociety，thatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEuropeslargestorganisationforapplied technology,andhas59institutesemploying12，000peopleItcontinuestogrowLastyear,it SwalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlinToday, thereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia 31WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity? ATechnologytransfer BGoodmanagement CHardwork DFiercecompetition 32WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch? AItisfree BItisprofitdriven CItiswidelyavailable DItiscuriositydriven 33TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyin AAsia BUSA CEurope DAfrica 34WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded? AIn1940. BLastyear CAftertheunification DIn1949. 35Theword“expertiseinline3couldbebestreplacedby A“experts” B“scientists” C“scholars” D“specialknowledge”第二篇 SuperconductorCeramic(陶瓷) Anundergroundrevolutionbeginsthiswinterwiththeflip(轻击)ofaswitch，30，000 homesinonepartofDetroitwillsoonbecomethefirstinthecountrytoreceiveelectricity transmittedbyicecoldhighperformancecablesOtherAmericancitiesareexpectedtofollow Detroitsexampleintheyearsaheadwhichcouldconserveenormousamountsofpower ThenewelectricalcablesattheFrisbiepowerstationinDetroitarerevolutionarybecause theyaremadeofsuperconductorsAsuperconductorisamaterialthattransmitselectricitywith littleornoresistanceResistanceisthedegreetowhichasubstanceresistselectriccurrentAll commonelectricalconductorshaveacertainamountofelectricalresistanceTheyconvertat leastsomeoftheelectricalenergypassingthroughthemintowasteheatSuperconductorsdont NooneunderstandshowsuperconductivityworksItjustdoes MakingsuperconductorsisnteasyAsuperconductormaterialhastobecooledtoan extremelylowtemperatureto10seitsresistanceThefirstsuperconductors，mademorethan50 yearsago，hadtobecooledto一263degreesCelsiusbeforetheylosttheirresistanceNewer superconductingmaterials10setheirresistanceat一143degreesCelsius ThesuperconductorscableinstalledattheFrisbiestationismadeofaceramicmaterial thatcontainscopperoxygenbismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)andcalcium(钙)Aceramicisa hardstrongcompoundmadefromclayormineralsThesuperconductingceramichasbeen fashionedintoatapethatiswrappedlengthwisearoundalongtubefilledwithliquidnitrogen Liquidnitrogenissupercoldandlowersthetemperatureoftheceramictapetothepointwhereit conveyselectricitywithzeroresistance TheUnitedStateslosesanenormousamountofelectricityeachyeartoresistance Becausecooledsuperconductorshavenoresistancetheywastemuchlesspower0thercities arewatchingtheFrisbieexperimentinthehopethattheymightswitchtosuperconductingcable andconservepowertoo 36Whatisthebenefitoftherevolutionmentionedinthefirstparagraph? AWithaflipofswishelectricitycanbetransmitted BOtherAmericancitiescanbenefitfromthehighperformancecables CGreatamountsofpowercanbeconserved DDetroitwillfirstreceiveelectricitytransmittedbythenewelectricalcables 37Comparedtocommonelectricalconductors，superconductors Ahavelittleornoelectricalresistance BCanbeusedforalongtime Carenotenergy-efficient Dcanbemadeeasily 38Atwhattemperaturedoesthesuperconductingceramicloseitsresistance? A-143degreeCelsius B一263degreeCelsius CAslongasitisice-cold DAbsolutezero 39Whatelementenablestheceramictapetoloweritstemperature? ACopper BLiquidnitrogen CClay DCalcium 40Accordingtothelastparagraph，whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue? AOthercitieshopetheyCanalsoconservepower BOthercitieshopetheyCanusesuperconductingcablessoon CSuperconductorswastelesspowerbecauseoftheirlowresistance DTheFribieexperimentisnotsuccessful第三篇 TheScienceoftheFuture Untilrecently，the“scienceofthefuture”wassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificial intelligenceTodayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsin technologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationOfthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistry andgeneticengineeringThiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic(合成的)materialsHowever, itisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalso tOabsorbmoistureNothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthe combinationofstrength1ightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects Neverthelessscientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededin“growing”amaterial thathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskinThenextstepmaywellbe“biotechheartsand eyes”whichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeingsThesewillnotberejectedbythebody, asisthecasewithorgansfromhumans TheapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromisingIn1996 thefamoussciencefictionwriter，ArthurCClarke，manyofwhosepreviouspredictionshave cometrue。saidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesof energySomeofthesepowersourceswillbebiologicalClarkeandothershavewarnedus repeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepower sourcesCoal，oilandgasareindeedconvenientHowever，usingthemalsomeanscreating dangerouslyhighlevelsofpollutionItwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandfor energywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontocatastrophic(劫难性的)levelsunlesswedevelop powersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeother“scienceofthefuture”cansolve ourproblemsBeforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpowerOnlya fewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitless，cheapandsafeenergyTodaythosepromises 1ieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobyl，intheUkraineBiotechnologyis unlikelyhowever,tobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway 41Accordingtothepassage，thescienceofthefutureislikelytobe Aelectronics Bbiotechnology Cgeneticengineering Dnucleartechnology 42Organicchemistryhelpstoproducematerialsthatare Aasgoodasw001. Basgoodasaninsectsbody Cnotasgoodasnaturalmaterials Dbetterthannaturalmaterials 43Accordingtothepassage，itmaysoonbepossible Atomakesomethingasgoodashumanskin Btoproducedrugswithoutsideeffects Ctotransplanthumanorgans Dtomakeartificialheartsandeyes 44In1996.ArthurCClarkepredictedthat Abiologicalpowersourceswouldbeputintousesoon Boil，gasandcoalcouldberepeatedlyusedinthefuture Cdependenceonnonrenewablepowersourceswouldbereducedsoon DtheChernobyldisasterwouldhappenintwoyears 45Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph? ABiotechnologycansolveallourfutureenergyproblems BBiologicalpowerischeaperthannuclearpower CBiologicalpowermaynotbeasdangerousasnuclearpower DBiologicalpowerwillkeepallitspromises第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位 置上。 WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess? Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?Tomost people，itjustdoesntseemlogicalButitislogical，sayexperts。ifyouunderstandwhatcall happeninapoliceinterrogation(审讯)room Undertherightconditions，peoplesmindsaresusceptible(易受影响的)toinfluence，and thepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicequestioningisenormous(46)“The pressureisimportanttounderstand，becauseotherwiseitsimpossibletounderstandwhy someonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidntdoTheansweris：toputallendtoan uncomfortablesituationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess DevelopmentalpsychologistMaryRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratorystudyto determinehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidntdo.(47)the researchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputersandaccusedtheparticipantsofhitting “alt”keytoseeiftheywouldsignastatementfalselytakingresponsibility Redlichsfindingsclearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalsely 59percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.(48)Of the15-to16-year-olds，72percentsignedconfessions，as 13-year-olds “Theresnoquestionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisk，”saysSaulKassin，apsychology professoratWilliamsCollege，whohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar.(49) BothKassinandRedlichnotethattheentireinterrogation”intheirexperimentsconsisted ofasimpleaccusation-nothoursofaggressivequestioning-andstill，mostparticipantsfalsely decision” (50)“Insomeways，”saysKassin，“falseconfessionbecomesarational AInherexperiment，participan