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深度阅读练习题练习6. 2023年12月第一套Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isnt good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. Thats bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldnt matter to you nearly as much as you think.Thats because job growth numbers dont matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2023, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!And as it turns out, even today with job growth near zero over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.I dont mean to imply that overall job growth doesnt have an impact on ones ability to land a job. Its true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And its true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether its a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who dont is their ability to stay motivated. Theyre willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadnt looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.So dont let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate _.A) deprives many people of job opportunitiesB) prevents many people from changing careersC) should not stop people from looking for a jobD) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening58. Where do most job openings come from?A) Job growth.C) Improved economy.B) Job turnover.D) Business expansion.59. What does the author say about overall job growth?A) It doesnt have much effect on individual job seekers.B) It increases peoples confidence in the economy.C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.D) It doesnt mean greater job security for the employed.60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?A) Education.B) Intelligence.C) Persistence.D) Experience.61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.B) They provide the public with the latest information.C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.练习7. 2023年6月第二套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Junk food is everywhere. Were eating way too much of it. Most of us know what were doing and yet we do it anyway.So heres a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how its displayed?Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods, note the two researchers.In contrast, the researchers continue, many regulations that dont assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance like food of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.The research references studies of peoples behaviour with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分派) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that arent primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.56. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realised.57.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices. 58. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohols temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers over-consumption.59. What is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers immediate sight.60.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing peoples awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.练习8. 2023年12月第二套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, peoples hunger levels were predicted not by how much theyd eaten but rather by how much food theyd seen in front of them in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (差异）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.“Hunger isnt controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our bodys response to the food itself. In a 2023 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger- related hormones (荷尔蒙)，depending on whether the shakes label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought theyd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A) How we perceive the food we eat.C) When we eat our meals.B) What ingredients the food contains.D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A)You would probably be more picky about food.B)You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2023 study?A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our bodys response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on ones consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A) Trick ourselves into eating less.C) Concentrate on food while eating.B) Choose food with fewer calories.D) Pick dishes of the right size.60. What is the main idea of the passage?A)Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.练习9 2023年12月第一套Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But theres a growing body of evidence suggesting that todays young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they havent built up their credit histories yet, its a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.Although many young people blame “socializing” as a barrier to saving money, most of them arent knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的)lounges. Theyre struggling with much more daily financial demands.To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isnt sustainable in the long run, and its going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because theyll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that theyre slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who cant pay off their credit cards.，Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C) Credit cards are doing more harm than students loans.D) The American credit card system is under criticism.62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?A) They tend to forget about the deadlines. B) They havent developed a credit history.C) They are often unable to pay back in time.D) They are inexperienced in managing money.63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society.B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.C) It will exert psychological pressure on them.D) It will affect their future spending power.64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.C) Their quality of life will be affected.D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.练习10. 2023年6月第三套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Libraries are my world. Ive been a patron (老主顾) all my life, and for the past nine years Ive worked at multiple libraries and archives in and around Detroit. The library as an institution has many roles, but as our country struggles through an economic crisis, I have watched the library where I work evolve into a career and business center, a community gathering place and a bastion (lit) of hope.In the spring of 2023 I got a library internship (实习生的位置) at the Southfield Public Library (SPL), just north of Detroit. Summers at SPL were usually slow, but that year, we experienced a library that was as busy as science-fair project week, midterms or tax season. Yet patrons werent looking for Mosbys Nursing Drug Reference or tax return forms. They were coming for information on growing their small business.I interpreted peoples interest in our business collection as the first step to pursuing their dreams, but these patrons were not motivated by dreams. They were responding to reality, and they were looking for Plan B.Things worsened in 2023, and in 2023 the economic crisis continues to plague Michigan. Last year, we put up a display with a variety of job resources that we restocked every hour. Each night the library closed, the display was bare. While we normally keep displays up for a week, we kept the job resources display up for months.Then theres the tightening credit market. People see the writing on the wall and they want to get educated. They cant afford a financial adviser, but checking books out is free. Some of the most popular titles now are Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Think and Grow Rich, and Suze Ormans 2023 Action Plan.The economic downturn affects us all. I have had to work long hours and dont get to see much of my boyfriend or experience any kind of social life lately, but I am thankful to be in a position where I can help people overcome this struggle. In Michigan, we havent lost hope. As long as there are libraries here, there will always be hope.56. What change has the current economic crisis brought to the library?A)It has opened its age-old archives to the general public.B)It has become a job and business information center.C)It has evolved into a place for business transactions.D)It has had to cut its budget to get through the crisis.57.What does the author say about the Southfield Public Library in the summer of 2023?A)It was overflowing with visitors.B)It launched a science project series.C)It added many books on business to its collection. D) It was full of people seeking information on drugs.58. What can be inferred from peoples strong interest in the librarys business collection?A)They think it is now time to realize their dreams.B)They find economics helpful in tiding over the crisis.C)They consider it a trend to start their own business.D)They are concerned about the worsening economy.59. Why were there no more job resources on display by the end of the day?A)The library staff could not do the restocking quickly enough.B)People competed with each other for the jobs listed in the ads.C)People were much interested in the job resources on display.D)All the materials on display were free of charge to the jobless.60. How did the author feel about working in the library?A)She felt contended to be in a position to render help.B)She felt pleased to be able to give hope to the jobless.C)She felt rewarded to have gained a lot of experience.D)She felt sorry to miss the social life she used to enjoy.
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