电路原理及电工学常用专业英文词汇

电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits”Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage 电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force 功率power能量 energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohms Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohms Law参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极 negative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫定律 Kirchhoffs Law基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY-变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cramers rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大noninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴维南定理Thevenins Theorem诺顿定理Nortons Theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路nonlinear circuit非线性元件nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance小信号分析small-signal analysis小信号模型small-signal modal分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod数值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differential equation过渡过程transient process线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value零输入响应zero-input response零状态响应zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step response冲激响应impulse response自由响应natural response强迫响应forced response全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积积分convolution integration时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulse Chapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency / undamped natural frequency过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡角频率damping frequency / damped natural frequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective value root-mean-square valueu 领先 i u leads i by u 落后 i u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor电压三角形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parsevals theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripoleZ参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point(二端口)级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix方阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach状态变量 state variable状态方程state equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristicvector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩阵similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非线性时变电路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法forward Eulars method后向欧拉法backward Eulars method相平面状态平面 state planar相轨线中心点焦点节点鞍点平衡点 稳定性stability渐近稳定asymptotic stabilityChapter 19 Distributed Circuits分布参数电路distributed circuit传输线transmission line均匀传输线uniform transmission line反射reflection透射transmission波长wave length波速wave speed行波traveling wave 驻波standing wave正向行波direct wave反向行波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前 wave front传播常数propagation constantAppendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance磁导率 magnetic permeability磁感应强度magnetic induction磁通magnetic flux磁链magnetic linkage磁通势magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通连续性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux磁场强度magnetic flux intensity磁阻reluctance磁导permeance安培环路定理 principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞hysteresis涡流eddy current涡流损失eddy current loss集肤效应skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁饱和magnetic saturation电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic induction励磁电流exciting current电工学上中英名词对照表一阶电路 first-order circuitV形曲线 V curve三相电路 three-phase circuit三相功率 three-phase power三相三线制 three-phase three-wire system三相四线制 three-phase four-wire system三相变压器 three-phase transformer三角形联接 trianular connection三角波 triangular wave三相异步电动机 three-phase induction motor支路 branch支路电流法 branch current method中性点 neutral point中性线 neutral conductor中央处理器 centre processing unit（CPU）互感 mutual inductance介电常数 permittivity of the dielectric瓦特 Watt功率表 powermeter无功功率 reactive power韦伯 Weber反电动势 counter emf反相 opposite in phase反馈控制 feedback control方框图 block diagram开路 open circuit开关 switch水轮发电机 water-wheel generator功 work功率 power功率因数 power factor功率三角形 power triangle功率角 power angle电能 electric energy电荷 electric charge电场 electric field电场强度 electric field intensity电位 electric potential电位差 electric potential difference电位升 potential rise电位降 potential drop电位计 potentiometer电压 voltage电压三角形 voltage triangle电动势 electromotive force（emf）电源 source电压源 voltage source电流源 current source电路 circuit电路分析 circuit analysis电路元件 circuit element电路模型 circuit model电流 current电流密度 current density电流互感器 current transformer电阻 resistance电阻器 resistor电阻性电路 resistive circuit电阻率 resistivity电导 conductance电导率 conductivity电容 capacitance电容器 capacitor电容性电路 capacitive circuit电感 inductance电感器 inductor电感性电路 inductive circuit电桥 bridge电机 electric machine电磁转矩 electromagnetic torque电角度 electrical degree电枢 armature电枢反应 armature reaction电工测量 electrical measurement电磁式仪表 electromagnetic instrument电动式仪表 electrodynamic instrument平均值 average value平均功率 average power正极 positive pole正方向 positive direction正弦量 sinusoid正弦电流 sinusoidal current结点 node结点电压法 node voltage method对称三相电路 symmetrical three-phase circuit主磁通 main flux外特性 external characteristic发送机 transmitter他励发电机 separately excited generator可编程控制器 programmable controller（PLC）安培 Ampere电流表 currenter安匝 ampere-turns伏特 Volt电压表 valeage伏安特性曲线 volt-ampere characteristic有效值 effective value有功功率 active power交流电路 alternating current circuit (a-ccircuit)交流电机 alternating-current machine自感 self-inductance自感电动势 self-induced emf自耦变压器 autotransformer自励发电机 self-excited generator自整角机 selsyns自动控制 automatic control自动调节 automatic regulation自锁 self-locking负极 negative pole负载 load负载线 load line负反馈 negative feedback动态电阻 dynamic resistance并联 parallel connection并联谐振 parallel resonance并励发电机 shunt d-c generator并励电动机 shunt d-c motor并励绕组 shunt field vending同步发电机 synchronous generator同步电动机 synchronous motor同步转速 synchronous speed同相 in phase机械特性 torque-speed characteristic过励 overexcitation执行元件 servo-unit传递函数 transfer function传感器 transducer闭环控制 closed loop control回路 loop网络 network导体 conductor导纳 admittance阶跃电压 step voltage全电流定律 law of total current全响应 complete response麦克斯韦 Maxwell基尔霍失电流定律 Kirchhoffs current law（KCL）基尔霍失电压定律Kirchhofs voltage law（KVL）库仑 Coulomb亨利 Henry角频率 angular frequency串联 series connection串联谐振 series resonance串励绕组 series field winding阻抗 impedance阻抗三角形 impedance triangle阻转矩 counter torque初相位 initial phase时间常数 time constant时域分析 time domain analysis时间继电器 time-delay relay励磁电流 exciting current励磁机 exciter励磁绕组 field winding励磁电流 exciting current励磁变阻器 field rheostat两相异步电动机two-phase induction motor两功率表法 two-powermeter method伺服电动机 servomotor步进电动机 stepping motor步距角 stepangle汽轮发电机 turboalternator直流电路 direct current circuit (d-c cir-cuit)直流电机 direct-current machine法拉 Farad空载 no-load空载特性 open-circuit characteristic空气隙 air gap非线性电阻 nonlinear resistance非正弦周期电流 nonsinusoidal periodic受控电源 controlled source变压器 transformer变比 ration of transformation变阻器 rheostat线电压 line voltage线电流 line current线圈 coil线性电阻 linear resistance周期 period参考电位 reference potential参数 parameter视在功率 apparent power定子 stator转子 rotor转子电流 rotor current转差率 slip转速 speed转矩 torque组合开关 switchgroup制动 braking单相异步电动机 single-phase induction motor相 phase相电压 phase voltage相电流 phase current相位差 phase difference相位角 phase angle相序 phase sequence相量 phasor相量图 phasor diagram响应 response星形联接 star connection复数 complex number阻抗 impedance导纳 admittance复励发电机 compound d-c generator欧姆 Ohm欧姆定律 Ohms law等效电路 equivalent circuit品质因数 quality factor绝缘 insulation绝缘体 insulator显极转子 salient poles rotor测速发电机 tachometer generator绕组 winding绕线式转子 wound rotor起动 starting起动电流 starting current起动转矩 starting torque起动按钮 start button容抗 capacitive reactance容纳 capacitive susceptance诺顿定理 Nortons theorem高斯 Gauss原动机 prime mover原绕组 primary winding铁心 core铁损 core loss矩形波 rectangular wave特征方程 characteristic equation积分电路 integrating circuit效率 efficiency振荡放电 oscill tory discharge继电器 relay热继电器 thermal overload relay（OLR）换向器 commutator调节特性 regulating characteristic调速 speed regulation继电接触器控制 relay-contactor control副绕组 secondary winding铜损 copper loss基波 fundamental harmonic谐波 harmonic谐振频率 resonant frequency通频带 bandwidth理想电压源 ideal voltage source理想电流源 ideal current source减幅振荡 attenuated oscillation常开触点 normally open contact常闭触点 normally closed contact停止 stopping停止按钮 stop button接收机 receiver接触器 contactor控制电动机 control motor控制电路 control circuit旋转磁场 rotating magnetic field隐极转子 nonsalient poles rotor涡流 eddy current涡流损耗 eddy-current loss焦耳 Joule奥斯特 Oersted短路 short circuit锯齿波 sawtooth wave幅值 amplitude最大值 maximum value最大转矩 maximum（breakdown）torque滞后 lag超前 lead傅里叶级数 Fourier series暂态 transient state暂态分量 transient component等幅振荡 unattenuated oscillation联锁 interlocking感抗 inductive reactance感纳 inductive susceptance感应电动势 induced emf楞次定则 Lenzs law频率 frequency频域分析 frequency domain analysis频谱 spectrum输入 input输出 output微法 microfarad微分电路 differentiating circuit叠加原理 superposition theorem零状态响应 zero-state response零输入响应 zero-input response罩极式电动机 shaded-pole motor滑环 slip ring鼠笼式转子 squirrel-cage rotor截止角频率 cutoff angular frequency滤波器 filters磁场 magnetic field磁场强度 magnetizing farce磁路 magnetic circuit磁通 flux磁感应强度 flux density磁通势 magnetomotive force（mmf）磁阻 reluctance磁导率 permeability磁化 magnetization磁化曲线 magnetization curve磁滞 hysteresis磁滞回线 hysteresis loop磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss磁极 pol磁电式仪表 magnetoelectric instrument漏磁通 leakage flux漏磁电感 leakage inductance漏磁电动势 leakage emf赫兹 Hertz稳态 steady state稳态分量 steady state component静态电阻 static resistance碳刷 carbon brush额定值 rated value额定 rated voltage额定功率 rated power额定转矩 tated torque瞬时值 instantaneous value戴维宁定理 Thevenins theorem激励 excitation满载 full load槽 fuse熔断器 fuse电工学下中英名词对照表二 画PN结 PN junctionP型半导体 P-type semiconductorJK触发器 JK flip-flopD触发器 D flip-flop二极管 diode二进制 binary system二进制计数器 binary counter十进制 decimal system十进制计数器 decimal counter二 十进制 binary coded decimal system（BCD）三 画RC选频网络 RC selection frequency network RS触发器 RS flip-flopN型半导体 N-type semiconductorN沟道 N-channel门电路 gate circuit三态逻辑门 tri-state logic gate三相整流器 three-phase rectifier工作点 operating point干扰 interference上升沿 rise edge下降沿 fall edge四 画方框图 block diagram双稳态触发器 bistable flip-flop无稳态触发器 astable flip-flop无输出变压器功率放大器 output transformerless（OTL） power amplifier无输出电容器功率放大器 output capacitorless（OCL）power amplifier反向电阻 backward resistance反向偏置 backward bias反向击穿 reverse breakdown反相器 inverter反馈 feedback反馈系数 feedback coefficient互补对称功率放大器 complementary symmetry power amplifier少数载流子 minority carrier分立电路 discrete circuit分贝 decibel（DB）分频 frequency division分辨率 resolution开启电压 threshold voltage开关型直流电源 switching mode direct power supply计数器 counter与门 AND gate与非门 NAND gate与或非门 and-or-invert（AOI）gate卡诺图 Karnaugh map五 画电感滤波器 inductance filter电容滤波器 capacitor filter电流放大系数 current amplification coefficient电压放大器 voltage amplifier电压放大倍数 voltage gain电压比较器 voltage comparator主从型触发器 master-slave flip-flop失真 distortion只读存储器 read only memory（ROM）可编程逻辑器件 programmable logic device（PLD）可关断晶闸管 gate turn-off thyristor（GTO）功率放大器 power amplifier功率晶体管 giant transistor（GTR）正向电阻 forward resistance正向偏置 forward bias正反馈 positive feedback正弦波振荡器 sinusoidal oscillator正逻辑 positive logic击穿 breakdown占空比 duty ratio加法器 adder发射极 emitter发光二极管 light- emitting diode（LED）布尔代数 Boolean algebra半波可控整流 half -wave controlled rectifier半波整流器 half -wave rectifier半加器 half-adder半导体 semiconductor本征半导体 intrinsic semiconductor失调电压 offset voltage失调电流 offset current平均延迟时间 average delay time六 画共模信号 common-mode signal共模输入 common-mode input共模抑制比 common-mode rejection ratio（CMRR）共发射极接法 common-emitter configuration共价键 covalent bond动态 dynamics杂质 impurity伏安特性 volt-ampere characteristics扩散 diffusion全波整流器 biphase（full wave） rectifier全波可控整流 biphase controlle