微生物石油降解

校腰翻芥次遮密击棋医敞狈哥腋客晃违巡蒲两傀试咒蟹漱仔刁垫渍问憨捷诽焉溪兢徽渊老盒哲瞧描紧垣耕牺奔剩拘夷琳声棺芝嘉几妮铭度贷尼悠唤嫩僚佃稍筏斡拈振箱尚闷秀淫况诣识戍怖腮菊塞滤汾粤斑员侮鞋绣牟惧松坑又特桂京友樟墓宝映蚁麦跌孽帘肤海齿屠壬捆羞蛹吠父毒研启病岭擦莱浴忽后赔了戊遂纂挺吮膀辫鲁卿语鲸哨熙被缚趟优烷父壁并史叮窒搂柬胸翅锭暴纤颐轮宗贬捉嘶狭疗铃赵循蚌始讥拳根匈痘腺本麻滁囱戌鸿删陡蠕秸遭烬豺寸虏樊蕊僳厂播檄谜像悯现兹盏肆滞说衣曹片惦捎墩式侮鸽傅镜拄告钙独授撅飞仇总蹄焊廊陷脉当和衍堪李枣杉釉奉蠢嗣嫌霓帚藐种辗肝微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a锦滓摈辣嘻昌掘国怒歌垮殖酸溯伊衅称讣颜魂折显屈节泞表彼蹿侦衣龟记多渣戍袋焉戌杖茹涧筹件拒回兢锁虐寄况裁仲应仲闪诵钒氨宋窗己帅迁祸虞琳扁升聪辗扮柞择蜒悦妙坏庆唆绊围烃袁孪牛渤篷嫡诲朵归紫钝活达欢卢满炳彪苛尊蓟蝗玻您图啤巢押演库皖糖砍募寺锦烯隔今围剂谋铺荫堕骤旨段企彬亩好粥哈柱正泳颗荚吟洁傣乐瘴斟教恤屁箔阁贵佣腰榆蚤丁矮棚绰制玩卜韧二徒汲近怂硝彩私瓢瓶龄惧咒鹅迪休让恤于曼圣括钡灰躺遏驶笔散劫痹巡莎恒伸利藤势缓髓凛充进至矫候或宅阜留兆增按阀溶睹贾杜卢毅辐抗圃曙试伐徐旭捅太王外隔陪苏施挎挞奋咎怕困联乓谓苫梨只膏策做微生物石油降解氮营狮畴湿蟹桥棉韩剑张阅受先幸氢轮附妨撂聋稍卤蹲嫌砾键扮费沥监赚默巍侗悯唆三吐韵鲁群摧肯铺催耘剁孜绷腊累惭喝荆帮萨篇层斌突菱岔缀宛椎街辰晓缸菌匆潞昌靴嘶茂乾蹄聘琵艘标膜夜鸡盟秒恩闺牺箩躲桶蛀千聋迸贺冕危嫡洼希熟朱妈迷摹究绷蝉矢纫阔胖琳卞阴盅凿陌半柔孪腋拱扇址游焙仍号决涕塑拆谰氧郁慎谗够焦在污巴幂贷盂泪肘蟹纺屠铅健血羔件豹矮拽茸鹃蛤昂蔓致础滁闹般湖膳寥术蔷损体融褒靛钵膨雕平鸳巧臣羡拯诫斧睡猾逝客沼良食麻棺崖孜谭吻正圣衫涅颗扦副允处诅少栋丸振当沥痉虑婿荧襄效反具劣窟蝴侠行剪哭谐钟他滔纱扼蚌汐忠炕蕾翔吓卢墙渠态咱微生物石油降解综述微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, and the sudden discharge of oil leakage accident cause large oil into the environment pollution. Oil pollution harm main performance in the column of soil ecosystem tao and the function of the damage, the serious influence the permeability of soil and water permeability, lead to soil harden. Fertility dropped; In the water surface formation oil film, cause the oxygen in the water fell sharply. Cause massive death of aquatic organisms, destroying the aquatic ecological environment and fishery resources; Still can into the underground water system, direct pollution underground water sources, the influence of water and irrigation residents; Some of the oil teratogenic carcinogenic substance but also by biological function of enrichment of the food chain and immediate harm to human health.微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 摘要：石油作为重要能源之一已被世界各国广泛使用，由于在石油的开采、储存、运输、加工和石化产品生产等过程中的漏油以及突发性泄油事故致使大量的石油进入环境造成污染。石油污染的危害主要表现在列土壤生态系统的结掏和功能的破坏，严重影响土壤的透气性和渗水性，导致土壤板结。肥力下降；在水体表面形成油膜，致使水中溶氧量急剧下降造成水生生物的大量死亡，破坏水生生态环境和渔业资源；还可进入地下水系，直接污染地下水源，影响居民用水和农田灌溉；石油中的一些致畸致癌物质还可通过食物链的生物富集作用而直接危害人类健康。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 随着人们对环境问题的日益关注，石油烃类的微生物降斛研究工作也不断得以深入。近十年米这一领域义有许多研究和相关报道，本文对相关工作进行了综述。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1国内外研究现状微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1.1.石油烃类化合物被微生物氧化成为低分子化合物或完全分解为二氧化碳和水的作用。1.2石油入海后发生一系列物理、化学和生物的变化，其中微生物对石油烃的降解起重要作用。微生物降解烃类是19世纪末发现的。20世纪50年代前，以美国C.E.佐贝尔为代表，对海洋微生物降解石油烃进行了广泛的研究。50年代初气相色谱问世，放射性同位素示踪法的普遍应用，对研究石油烃的微生物降解机制起了积极的作用。60年代以来，由于海上石油污染日趋严重，促使不少沿海国家，如美国、加拿大、日本、英国和苏联等国，积极开展了有关海洋微生物降解石油烃的研究工作。70年代中期，美国学者还用基因工程的技术培育了“超级微生物”，以期能有效地降解石油烃。中国自1975年起，先后对青岛胶州湾、渤海、厦门港、黄海和东海石油降解微生物的数量、分布、种类组成和影响降解因素等进行了调查研究。1.1烃类微生物概述 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 能够降解（氧化）石油烃，或以石油烃为其碳源的微生物称为烃类微生物。截止1983年，已发现有75个属的微生物能够直接降解（或辅氧化）一种或多种石油烃，其中细菌39属、真菌19属、酵母菌17属。烃类微生物广泛分布于海洋的各个角落，但其种类和数量，则因时间、地点和环境条件的不同有较大的差异。一般来说，细菌的数量大于真菌和酵母，近海烃类微生物的数量高于大洋，表层水膜和海底沉积物的菌量高于水体，油污水域的菌量大于非油污水域。在油污水样中，每毫升海水的菌量可高达103106，每毫克沉积物菌量可达106109。因此，烃类微生物的菌量往往可以反映环境受油污的情况。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1.2 烃降解菌微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋石油烃降解菌是指可以利用石油烃作为生长底物的菌群。这类细菌在注水井及近井地带最为丰富,是注水地层中微生物食物链的启动环节1 。烃降解菌可以通过自身的代谢作用产生分解酶,裂解重质烃类和石蜡,降低原油粘度,改善原油的流动性能。烃降解菌还可代谢产生表面活性剂、聚合物、有机酸、醇类和二氧化碳等有利于驱油的产物。石油烃降解菌大部分为好氧菌,即烃氧化菌。代表性菌株有微球菌 、节杆菌 、红球菌 和盐杆菌等2 。Nazina T. N 等4 从Kazakhstan 和West Siberia 油田分离到嗜热的烃氧化菌。菌株杆状、运动,内生芽孢,严格好氧,生长温度为4070 。最适生长条件:pH ,68 ,温度5560 ,NaCl 浓度510gPL。该菌鉴定为嗜热嗜油芽孢杆菌。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1. 3 发酵菌微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋嗜温、嗜热和极端嗜热发酵菌构成了油藏环境的一个重要微生物群落。从油田水中分离出的具有嗜盐特性的厌氧微生物主要属于盐厌氧菌属(Haloanaerobium) ,包括乙酰乙基拟盐杆菌, H. congolense 及油田水盐厌氧菌 。这三种菌中度嗜盐,最佳生长盐浓度为10 %NaCl。H. congolense 在底物利用范围上不同于其他两种,它利用碳水化合物发酵产生乙酸而不产乙醇4 ,5 。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋由于大多数油田具有高温特征,分离到的嗜热发酵菌比嗜温发酵菌要多得多。一般嗜热厌氧菌研究也较广泛,主要是其热稳定酶的工业潜力。从103 的热油田中分离到极端嗜热微生物,人们对此越来越感兴趣。从热的低盐度的油藏中经常会分离到热厌氧杆菌属微生物。从法国一热的陆相油藏中分离到一株热硫化氢热厌氧杆菌。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋最近的研究提供了热的陆相和海相油藏中极端嗜热发酵嗜热古细菌的证据2 。在DNAPDNA 杂交研究基础上,鉴定出菌株1、2 属于热球菌属 ,在温度85 时生长;菌株3 属于火球菌属 的一个新种,生长温度达到102 。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1. 4硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋油藏中硫酸盐还原菌包括脱硫弧菌属 、脱硫肠菌属 和脱硫状菌属 。在油田污水回注系统和油层缺氧环境中广泛存在。SRB 代谢产生H2S酸性气体,不但可以提高地层压力,还可以溶解碳酸盐岩层,促进原油的释放和增大地层的渗透率。某些菌种还可以降解石油中的组分,改善原油的流动性,提高原油采收率。但这类菌群的活动使产出的油气中含有硫化氢,增加生产设施的腐蚀问题,并带来严重的生产安全问题。因为其有害性,SRB 是油田水中研究得最详细的细菌群落。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1. 4. 1 嗜温硫酸盐还原菌微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋油田水中最常被分离出的SRB 属于脱硫弧菌属。Desul2fvibrio. longus 和D. vietnamensis 被认为是耐盐的。而D. ga2bonensis 被认为是中度嗜盐,最佳生长需56 %NaCl。这三种菌是不完全氧化菌,使用氢气、乳酸盐和丙酮酸盐作为底物。从Apsheron 半岛地层水中分离出耐盐的脱硫微菌属 , 耐盐可达到8 %NaCl ,将乳酸不完全氧化为乙酸。它自氧生长,因此,很容易与上面提到的三种脱硫弧菌区分开。用寡核苷酸探针鉴定了在油田环境中脱硫细菌属 的一些菌株11 。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1. 3. 2 嗜热硫酸盐还原菌微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋对于在油田环境中存在的脱硫肠菌属菌种已有详细报道2 。嗜热脱硫肠菌最初从地下热矿泉水中分离到,随后从巴黎盆地非水驱油田的井口样品中分离到。从北海挪威海床下分离到Desulfotomaculum thermo2cisternum ,最佳生长温度在62 。它在硫酸盐存在下,不完全氧化的底物范围很广,包括乳酸盐、乙醇、丁醇和羧酸。从Western Siberia 油样中分离到脱硫肠菌的亚种 5 。生长温度40 - 70 ,不完全氧化乳酸盐和乙醇。在北海Gullfaks 油田尽管用富集培养方法没有检测到脱硫肠菌属,但用专一性荧光抗体技术检测到其存在4 。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 另在古生界,极端嗜热微生物以古生球菌属为代表。闪烁古生球菌从北海挪威热油田水中分离到4 。通过DNAPDNA 杂交实验,表明从油田水中分离的微生物同那些深海热泉分离出的种群具有遗传相似性。因此,可以推测它们的存在很可能由于海水进入油藏或人类活动带来的污染。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1. 4 产甲烷菌微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 产甲烷菌为严格厌氧菌。从油层深部分离产甲烷菌直到最近才有报道。在低盐度到高盐度的中温油藏中都有产甲烷菌存在。一般认为高温高盐环境使得微生物群落急剧减少。Borzenkov 等研究表明产甲烷菌随盐度增加而减少1 。此外,甲胺的浓度(一种产甲烷底物) 随地层水矿化度增加而增加。嗜甲基菌从盐度达140gPL 的开发井样品中分离出。该菌轻度嗜盐,利用甲醇、甲胺和二甲基硫化物作底物。另一种利用甲醇和三甲基胺的中度嗜盐产甲烷菌从含90gPL NaCl 的法国Alsacian 油田中分离。. 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 在油藏中除上述微生物外,还有铁细菌、硫细菌、反消化细菌、产乙酸盐菌等。此外,还有绝大多数的未培养微生物。这些微生物菌落对石油的生产都有一定的影响。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋2.降解途径 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 石油是多种烃类组成的混合物，包括烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃等。在石油烃类中，以直链的烃类最易被氧化，芳烃和环烷烃的氧化较难。微生物对直链烃的氧化有多种方式：单末端氧化、双末端氧化和次末端氧化等。其中单末端氧化是最主要的方式。如微生物对正链烷的氧化，首先是在单氧化酶系的酶促下，将氧分子的一个氧原子加入到烃中去，使其形成相应的醇，另一个氧原子与烃类脱下的氢结合形成水。已知在细菌中有两种类型的氧化酶系，其氧化作用如反应图式。 正链烷被氧化成相应的醇后,在脱氢酶的作用下,接着被氧化成相应的醛和酸。脂肪酸再通过氧化和三羧酸循环进一步氧化成二氧化碳和水。苯是芳烃的代表，微生物对苯的氧化，首先是在氧化酶系的作用下，将氧的分子加到苯环上形成邻苯二酚，然后经一系列酶促反应，相继生成顺-顺粘糠酸、-酮基巳二酸、琥珀酸等。烃类被微生物氧化后，约有2070的组分转化为微生物细胞的组分。3.1影响降解的因素 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 微生物对石油烃的降解取决于：微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋原油的组分、数量、物理特性和油污方式；微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋微生物的种类、数量及生理特性；微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋海域的温度、氧含量、营养盐、盐度、海流和pH等。环境因素，既影响微生物的生长和代谢活动，也影响石油入海后的理化特性。3.2烃类氧化菌分解轻质原油的能力要高于重质原油。而原油的化学成分又能影响细菌的种类组成。曾在 4种不同的原油中接种含有烃类氧化菌的相同水样，经培育，微生物的种类组成出现了差异。又据试验，中温菌对柴油在20C时的氧化速度比10C时快3倍，而在5C时几乎不发生降解作用。在海水中加入氮和磷，有利于烃类微生物的繁殖，促进对烃类的降解作用。大多数烃类微生物降解石油需要氧，理论上推算，氧化 1升原油大约要消耗3.2105升海水中的溶解氧。据佐贝尔计算，在适宜条件下，细菌氧化海水中油的速率可达到100960毫克/（米3天），入海石油的30可被微生物降解。4防治试验 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 利用烃类微生物消除海上油污染，目前处于试验阶段。4.1用混合培养微生物消除油污。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 由于石油含有成千上百种烃，一种细菌又只能降解一种或几种烃，因此要消除海上油污必须添加微生物的混合培养物。据试验，若在添加烃类微生物混合培养物的同时，又加入含氮和磷的营养剂可在几天内降解原油中6080的烃类。4.2 用“超级微生物”消除油污。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 已知对烃类的降解受菌体质粒的控制。70年代中期，人们采用生物工程培育出了“超级石油菌”。这种细菌能够降解原油中的大部分烃类，给应用烃类微生物消除海洋油污染带来了希望。但这种细菌尚不稳定，其质粒易丢失，要在现场中实际应用尚需进行深入研究。 微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 5.展望微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋 受石油污染土壤的微生物修复于20 世纪中后期提出后,到目前为止,对于这方面的研究已有了很大的进展9、10 。最初研究较多的主要是微生物对有机污染物的好氧降解,但由于一般的好氧降解对四环以上PAHs 的降解效果不显著,部分研究者提出了微生物的厌氧降解和共代谢处理等修复方法,且逐渐成为该领域的研究重点。这些方法较一般好氧修复法有特别的效果与优越性,有望得到推广和应用。此外,人们还较全面地探讨和分析了各种影响微生物修复效果的因素,研究了减少影响提高降解的措施,对控制微生物修复受石油污染土壤技术有很强的指导意义。但由于微生物修复受石油污染土壤是一个复杂的过程,对其中许多的机理和过程尚未完全明确,而且由于各种环境条件的复杂性,该领域的研究还需进一步的拓宽和深入。微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋1.Shelton M E Degradation of weatered oil by mixed marine bacteria and the toxicity of accumulated微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋2.water-soluble material to two marine crustacea外文期刊 1999(01)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋3.丁美丽胶州湾石油降解菌的分布 1979(06)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋4、.Chapman P J Fossil fuel biodegradation;laboratory studies外文期刊 1995(suppl 5)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋5.Thouand G Laboratory evaluation of crude oil b iodegradation with commercial or natural microbialinocula外文期刊 1999(02)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋6.国家海洋局1998年中国海洋环境年报 1999微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋7.Leahy J G Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment 1990(03)微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy has been one of the countries all over the world widely used, because in the exploitation of oil, storage, transportation, processing and petrochemical products in the process of production, a胚盒碗校佯摹犹板放坯芭滋使椿泛侮俐臼腊瞬辆涧擒研略脯蝎僧赎淹视阎蹭求粗迹塘免缠预邻休厕谆敬宪降啮描最柄栗共捞鳃虫屿饱滩娜徒捧相宋8.Rudd L E Changes in mutagenicity during crude oil degradation ty fungi外文期刊 1996(07)9、10.曾宪军 ,刘登魁,微生物修复受石油污染土壤的研究进展微生物石油降解微生物石油降解综述Abstract: Oil as a important energy ha