2010年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析

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2010 年考研英语答案试题解析阅读理解Text1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.考点分析(themost)本句的意思是过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies 考点分析tothepointof到.地步转折常考,出 21 题。然而,在 20世纪大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。本句强调 20 世纪的报纸评论数量很多。沿着上句的意思论述:如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶:这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatAartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.BEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.Chigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.Dyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.正确选项解析 B 由第一段的declineinscope 和第二段的aconsiderablenumber 都在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多,所以选择 B干扰选项分析 A 比较容易排除。与第一段矛盾,原文只是说 decline,即下降,没有说消失(disappear)C比较容易排除。高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者。无中生有。D强干扰项。年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适。原文:牛津高阶英汉双解词典marvelv.beverysurprised(andoftenadmiring)大为惊讶(常含赞叹之意),表明其实读者是赞同:这些评论可以再报纸上刊登的。这里的 doubt 表示怀疑,所以与 marvel 意思相反。WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness.andeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinournalism,Newmanwrote,thatIamtemptedtodefinejournalismasatermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.考点分析否定常考(unfocused)出 22 题。承接上文,上文讲我们的评论数量减少,这里继续讲我们甚至离 20 世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。Evenfartherremovedfrom 表明作者的惋惜之情。indetailandatlength详细的serious严肃的calling对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感proud骄傲上面的这些词都表明二战前的报纸评论的风格。否定常考,出 23 题。因此,几乎没有人有足够的智慧或文学天赋在新闻事业上成就自己,我更喜欢吧新闻事业定义为被假作家耻辱地使用了的术语,对真作家来说,他们不足挂齿。”其实本句话中Newmanwrote,后面的根本不需要看懂。22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedbyAfreethemes.Bcasualstyle.Celaboratelayout.Dradicalviewpoints.正确选项解析 Aunfocused 的英文解释:notconcentratedatonepointorupononeobjective,free的英文解释是unrestricted,所以 unfocused=free,属于同义替换。干扰选项分析B请看牛津高阶英汉双解词典字典对 casual 的解释:(a)madeordonewithoutmuchcareorthought;offhand 不经意的;随便的;马虎的;临时的(b)(derog 贬)showinglittleconcern;nonchalant;irresponsible 漠不关心的;无动於衷的;不负责任的(c)notmethodicalorthorough;notserious 无条理的;不彻底的;不认真的.这几个意思都是和indetailandatlength详细的serious严肃的calling对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感proud骄傲相矛盾的。所以不选。C强干扰项。elaborate 可以替换原文中的 indetail,但是 layout(布局)无中生有,所以本题与原文不相符合。Dradical 激进的无中生有。23.WhichofthefollowingwouldshawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?AItiswritersdutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.BItiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.CWritersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.DNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.正确选项解析 D对同义替换。Few=notall,havebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenough=capableof注意:D选项中 notall 属于部分否定,语气委婉,在选项中出现往往正确。干扰选项分析 Ajournalisticgoals(新闻业的目标),无中生有。B作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。与的 proud(自豪的)相反。C作者容易被新闻业吸引。对偷梁换柱。原文说的是被 definejournalismas.所吸引,而不是被 journalism 所吸引。Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEnglandsforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.考点分析否定常考+段首常考。不幸的是,这些批评家几乎被忘记了。言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。-是举 NevilleCardus 的例子来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的,可以略读。IsthereanychancethatCardusscriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyuphosteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.考点分析特殊标点常考,出 25 题。笔者在课堂中反复强调出现问号是必考的。”Cardus那样的评论会重现吗?不太可能!再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心:报纸行业的堕落(decline),要注意 decline 与中的 revival 是反义词。讲理由,出 24 题。(编辑:白天骄)24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?AHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.BHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.CHisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.DHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.正确选项解析 A说新闻业的品味已经改变,读者不需要(havelittleusefor)他所擅长的风格,所以Cardusscriticism 不可能复苏。而 ACardusscriticism 也许不能吸引当今的读者。注意 havelittleusefor=notappealto同时本选项还有 may,这个语气委婉的词,符合黄四正确答案语气委婉。干扰选项分析 B 原文没有提到他的名声有争议,所以无中生有。C他的风格符合现在的专家与本段最后一句相矛盾。D移花接木,是利用最后一句话编造的选项。25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ANewspapersoftheGoodOldDaysBTheLostHorizoninNewspapersCMournfulDeclineofJournalismDProminentCriticsinMemory正确选项解析主旨题,可以利用串线法解出本题。第一段开宗明义:过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落(decline)。第二段承接第一段的意思。第三段首句:不幸的是,这些批评家几乎被忘记了。言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。第四段:Cardus那样的评论会重现吗?不太可能!再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心:报纸行业的堕落(decline),所以 C:令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落。mournful是大纲词汇。干扰选项分析 A报纸行业过去的黄金岁月。没有点出作者对现在的报纸的惋惜之情B报纸行业的消失的视野本选项的错误类型和 A 一样。D记忆中的杰出的评论家本文的中心不是怀恋过去,而是批判现在的堕落。Text2Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.本段是背景段,讲过去的事情。只需看懂第一句“过去的几十年中,上千个商业方法被授予专利。”Nowthenationstoppatentcourtappearscompletely-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.IntheBilski,asthecaseisknown,isa“verybigdeal”,saysDennisDCrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”本段转折。“将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利”。最后一句“它有可能排除一种专利(即上文的 business-methodpatent)”26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseofAtheirlimitedvaluetobusinessBtheirconnectionwithassetallocationCthepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingDthecontroversyoverauthorization选C,根正苗红的同义替换。possible-potential,eliminate-restrictionA无中生有B用第一段的一个小例子中的细节捏造选项Dcontroversy 无中生有。27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?AItsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsBItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionCIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuitDItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.选Dpotentia 上 may,change 对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。从本段的 review,eliminate 也可以看出这是一种转折。全文一直没有讲 Bilskicase 的判决的结果,而AC都是在讲其判决结果,所以与原文相反。B是从原文“a“verybigdeal”字面意识出发设置的干扰选项。abigdeal 其实在英文中的意思是“重要”,而不是“生意(transaction)”本题D还有 may,正确答案往往语气委婉,所以更加确定选这个选项。Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeansA lossofgoodwillB increaseofhostilityC changeofattitudeD enhancementofdisnity本题是词汇题,一定要返回原文通过上下文解题。Because 之前是说对 business-method 的约束(curbs),而 because之后说的是“正是联邦审判引入了 business-method”,所以二者之间自然表明了是态度的转变”。所以选CTheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourtsjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthreeandthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateisweatheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.本段第一句话没有看懂,直接跳过。第二句讲“联邦审判要求这个案子要 12 个法官审,而不是普通的 3人小组,并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的 Bankruling”由本句可以排除 29ATheFederalCircuitsactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC.wegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.inthewakeof=after.第一句:最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护(protection)。而 29C减少了对专利持有者的尊重(esteem).其中 esteem 是对 protection 的偷梁换柱。第二句:举例子。法官发出信号:toomany(过多的专利被授予了),表明法院认为很多 business-method 不应该被授予,所以选Btoomany=oftenunnecessarily.D无中生有。29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatentsA areimmunetolegalchallengesB areoftenunnecessarilyissuedC lowertheesteemforpatentholdersD increasetheincidenceofrisks见上文的解析。本题AB两项相反必去其一。30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?A Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsB Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersC Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsD Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents选择A。首先排除B,与原文相反。C大帽子。AD的选择有一定难度。用串线法解题。第一段讲过去businessmethod 很容易被授予专利。其中第一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段转折:将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利。第三段:对 businessmethod 的约束(curbs)是法院态度的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出 reactingtotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt.要注意的是原文始终没有说 Bilskicase 的判决,因此只是一个 looming(隐约地出现)的 danger,而不是已经盛行的趋势。Text3InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesntexplainhowideasactuallyspread.考点分析因果常考(driven),出 31 题A。MalcolmAladuell 的观点“社会流行的东西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影响力的人发动的,这些人见多识广,有说服力”转折常考,出 31 题B。“这个观点不能解释思想是如何传播的”。要注意:ideasactuallyspread=socialepidemics 这就意味着作者认为 influential 对howideasactuallyspread 作用不大,不起 driven(驱动)的作用。31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto.A analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemicsBdiscussinfluentialsfunctioninspreadingideasC exemplifypeoplesintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemicsD describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.正确选项解析B本题是说明作者目的题。由上文的分析可知选本选项。干扰选项分析A与原文相反。本文讨论 的 是 原 因(driven),而 本 题 是 说 结 果(consequence)。C 本 段 没 有 提 到 人 们 的 直 觉 的 反 应(intuitiveresponse)。只是说“作者认为这个观点从直觉上看是吸引人的”。所以无中生有D偏离中心:influential对 socialepidemics 的作用。只是中的细节。(编辑:白天骄)Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.考点分析因果常考(derivefrom)+转折常考(but)+否定常考(untested)+段首常考+特殊标点常考(冒号),出 32 题。请看 supposed 在牛津高阶英语词典的英文解释onlybeforenounusedtoshowthatyouthinkthataclaim,statementorwayofdescribingsb/sthisnottrueorcorrect,althoughitisgenerallybelievedtobe。这就意味着 supposed 后面的东西在本质上都是作者反对的。这种 influential 的假象的重要性来源于一个貌似合理但是实质上未经检验的 two-stepflowofcommunication 的理论。讲商人接受了这一错误观点。中的 seems中的 cursorysearch(草率的搜索)中的 Anecdotalevidence(传闻的证据)这几个词组都表明作者对这个理论持反对态度。32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-stepflowtheory”.A servesasasolutiontomarketingproblemsB hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrendsC haswonsupportfrominfluentialsDrequiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity 正确选项解析D由可知这个理论是未经检验的(untested),这就意味着“需要可靠的证据证明其有效性”(requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity)。所以本题是同义替换之正话反说。干扰选项分析A与作者对该理论的反对态度矛盾。B这个理论似乎(seems)可以解释某些流行的趋势,seem 这个词表明作者其实是反对这个说法的。C偷换概念,偷换了中的 marketerIntheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydontseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchersargumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfreywhoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence一eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydontinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenoncelebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewontpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.考点分析承上启下。研究者推翻了上文的错误观点。无需看懂。研究者的理由来自关于社会影响的简单的观察。即使最有影响力的人也不会与太多的人交流。是 two-step-flowtheory 理论。转折常考出 33 题。“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人,他的熟人再影响自己的熟人,这也就因为是 socialinteraction.33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat.A thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions.B interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia.C influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic.D mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention.正确选项解析A由可知,asocialepidemictooccur=thepowerofinfluence,hisorherownacquaintances=socialinteraction 可以明确的同义替换。goeswith 与相伴而生。干扰选项分析B本段没有提到媒体增加人际联系。无中生有。Cchannel(渠道)无中生有D“大多数名人有很大的媒体影响力”无中生有。34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho.A stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluenceB havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluenceC areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothersDareinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential正确选项解析本题可以看做是指代词具体是指代的对象。指代的对象一定是向前指代,往前找最近的名词。中“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人,他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”所以 thesepeople 就是指这些“被影响并且影响别人的人”干扰选项分析A“在社会影响的网络之外”与原文相反。B强干扰项。说的是“howmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeople”与 initialinfluential(=thesourceofinfluence)无关,而B偷换为“thesepeople”与 initialinfluential(=thesourceofinfluence)接触不多。Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialcontagionbyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeoplesabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?A TheeagernesstobeacceptedB TheimpulsetoinfluenceothersC ThereadinesstobeinfluencedD Theinclinationtorelyonothers正确选项解析CThereadinesstobeinfluenced 由本段最后一句可知社会影响的动力要素是:人们影响别人的能力以及被别人影响的倾向性。所以选 C。干扰选项分析B错在 impulse(突如其来的念头)A错在 acceptD错在 relyon解法二:BC符合黄二。但是由第四段最后一句:Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewontpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.尤其是 resistant 可知更强调的是“被影响”(编Text4(注:本文含有的生词和难句较多,考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子一定不会出题,在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可,因为文章上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。笔者把本文无需看懂的句子用删除线标出来,以便于学生更好的复习。示例:notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.)第一部分:36 题1Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.2Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,anditsjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.考点分析“台面上,银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身,台面下,他们一直把目标对准他人:会计准则制定者。”台上台下,表里不一,暗含了作者对银行家的虚伪的否定,对无辜者 standard-setters 的同情。讲具体的抱怨的内容。“银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失,认为这不公平。”二者相比必出考点。出 36 题。进一步描述会计规则的内容。“规则认为他们必须以第三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值,而非按照管理者和监管者期望该资产能够获得的价格。”本句其实只要看懂“Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,not”not 后面无需看懂,只要知道是与 not 前面不一样的方法。36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto.A followunfavorableassetevaluationrulesB collectpaymentsfromthirdpartiesC cooperatewiththepricemanagersD reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.正确选项解析A36 题 complain=moan,notfair()二unfavorable,valuesomeassets()二 assetevaluation 所以本题属于根正苗红的同义替换。干扰选项分析B对偷梁换柱。把 value 偷换为 collect。C 与原文相反。错误一:原文说:“Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsattheprice。,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch明确说“规则不让按照 managers 的期待的价格评估,所以这与 cooperate(合作)相反。错 误 二:原 文 中 没 有 提 到pricemanager这 个 概 念,managersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.是定语从句来修饰 price。D reevaluate(重新评估)无中生有。第二部分:37 题Unfortunately,bankslobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.考点分析否定常考(unfortunately)+段首常考。出 40 题。Unfortunately,是强烈的表示情感的词。“不幸的是,银行的游说活动看来已起作用了。”表明作者是反对银行,支持同情 standard-setters。转折常考,出 37 题。But 之前不看,之间看后面“标准制定者的独立性这资产市场正常运行十分重要已经削弱了。”(编辑:白天骄)AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,AmericasFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASBschairman,criedoutagainstthosewhoquestionourmotives.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycallstheuseofjudgmentbymanagement.考点分析bruisingencounter 根本不需认识。rushedthrough 只需要认识 through,表示通过”。注意:动词+介词的短语,有时候只要通过介词就可以把握句子所表达的大致方向是支持还是反对。本句只需明白“FASB 通过了规则变化”即可。只需看懂:Thesegavebanksmorefreedomto.value.assetsandmoreflexibility.intheirincomestatement省略号所省略的内容完全可以不看。“即银行在评估资产上有了更多的自由”没看懂,没关系,因为后面有转折。转折常考。出 37A.本句只需看懂 thechanges.enhancetheuseofjudgmentbymanagement.这些变化增加了管理层的判断的作用”37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin.A thediminishingroleofmanagementB therevivalofthebankingsystemC thebankslong-termassetlossesD theweakeningofitsindependence正确选项解析D本题定位有点难度。从第三段可知 FASB 通过了规则变化。第二段的的意思是“不幸的是,银行的游说活动看来已起作用了。”这就意味着:第一段银行抱怨的规则的不公平得到重视,规则变化了。所以 37题题干问的“therulechangesoftheFASB”的结果,也就是第二段的结果。牛津高阶英汉双解词典中compromise 的解释:modify(sth);weaken 修改,更改(某事物);减轻;减弱;缓和。所以这里的 compromise-weaken,根正苗红的同义替换。干扰选项分析A与原文相反。diminish 与中的 enhance 相矛盾。B第二段讲了银行复苏的条件“银行如果不以能够吸引买家的价格计量有毒资产,银行系统的复苏将会非常困难。”而本选项说 FASB 的规则变化会带来复苏,与不相符合。C无中生有。(编辑:白天骄)第三部分:38 题1EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.2TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdidnotliveinapoliticalvacuumbutintherealwordandthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.考点分析上文讲的是美国的情况。本段讲欧洲的情况。“欧洲的部长们立刻要求国际会计准则委员会(IASB)也这么做。”转折常考。出 38 题。IASB 对部长的做法比较反感,但是它在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力十分巨大。引用 McCreevy 对 IASB 不听话的警告。38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASBsattemptto.Akeepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.Bevadethepressurefromtheirpeers.Cactontheirowninrule-setting.Dtakegradualmeasuresinreform.正确选项解析C讲欧洲部长对 IASB 的要求,是 IASB 对之的抵触情绪,但是(but)压力又很大(strong),McCreevy 对 IASB 警告它不是“处在政治真空中”而是“在现实世界里”。这三句话的中心是:IASB 想自己独立的制定规则(actontheirowninrule-setting),而欧洲部长(包括 McCreevy)又想命令其按自己意愿行为。所以选择C。干扰选项分析A是强干扰项,貌似是对“notinapoliticalvacuum”的同义替换。但是与C相比,C更加符合本段的中心。因为本段并不是强调 IASB 不能逃脱政治影响,而是强调 IASB 想要自己独立地制定规则。考生切记:当两个选项无法分清的时候,符合中心的才是正确答案。B偷梁换柱。原文没有提来自同伴的压力(pressurefromtheirpeers),而是说“在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力”D“在改革中采取渐进措施”gradualmeasures 属于无中生有。第四部分:39 题Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbankssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.考点分析本段非常复杂,充满着金融学专业术语。考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子一定不会出题,在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可,因为文章上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。就本段而言只要紧紧抓住本段主题句即第一句话即可解题。强调句必考(itwas.that.)+段首常考+因果常考(with)。注意 with 在字典中有一个解释是:becauseof(sth);onaccountof(sth)因为或由於(某事物)。“正是这些银行呆
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