高三英语语法总复习-形容词和副词

形容词和副词,考 点 分 析 1、形容词和副词的基本用法； 2、形容词和副词的位置； 3、形容词和副词的级别； 4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。,形容词的基本用法,1、形容词的词义 问题1： - Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm, it does have a _ smell. (2002北京) A. pleasant, pleasedB. pleased, pleased C. pleasant, pleasantD. pleased, pleasant,D,高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中 pleased 表示“感到满意（高兴）的”；pleasant 表示“令人满意（高兴）的”。根据句意不难发现答案为D。,问题2： Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a _ discussion. (1997上海) A. noisyB. seriousC. complete D. friendly 问题3： If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. （05天津卷） A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable,D,该句中 cheerful 是重要的提示词，意为“欢快的”。noisy; serious 以及 complete 显然都与题义无关。是形容词，意为“友好的”，只有它符合题义。,It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 该句型意为：“某人方便（适合）做某事”；一般不说“sb. is convenient to do sth.” 其它三个词显然不符合句义。,A,2、后置定语问题 问题4： All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (02北京) A. presentB. thankfulC. interested D. important,解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置： proper (本身), present (在场的，出席的), involved (有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting (反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。 如 the students present (出席的学生) the cost involved (所需费用),A,f.,下列情况也要后置： a. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后 置如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定 语要后置。如： Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson? d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如： He is the only man awake at that time.,巩固练习： I cant get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something _ with it. A. badB. matterC. the matterD. the wrong 2. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough studentsB. Enough brave students C. Students brave enoughD. Students enough brave 3. There is _ to hold the water. A. nothing big enoughB. nothing enough big C. big enough nothingD. enough big nothing,C,C,A,3、以-ly 结尾的形容词 问题5： What he said sounds _. (1993上海) nicelyB. pleasantlyC. friendlyD. wonderfully,解析：1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly, timely, worldly (老于世故的) 仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. It is published daily.,C,多个形容词修饰名词的顺序,问题1 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁） Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white,多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。,B,形容词排列顺序口诀： 限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老 颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。 the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge,问题2: This _ girl is Linds cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish 问题3：One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old,由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。,根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择A,A,A,常见形容词的比较,1). worth - worthy - worthwhile 2) alike - like -likely 3) dead - deadly - deathly 4) historic - historical 5) live - lively - alive - living 6) possible - probable- likely 7) valueless -priceless 8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) - respectful (表示敬意的) A respectable man is respectful to others. 9) healthy (健康的) - healthful (有益于健康的) The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.,worth worthy worthwhile,1. worth 只作表语，不能作定语修饰名词 It is worth doing sth 或者跟名词，价格，用主动 the book is worth reading. the book is worth the price. 2. worthy 可作表语也可作定语 It is worthy of being done 或 It is worthy to be done 用被动 如果加名词，加of The book is worthy of the price. 3. worthwhile 可作表语和定语 It is worthwhile to do或 It is worthwhile doing,dead - deadly - deathly,dead adj.死的, 无感觉的, 呆板的, 不流动的, (语言、习惯)废弃了的, 熄灭的 n.死者 adv.完全地, 绝对的, 突然的 death n.死, 死亡, 致死的原因, 毁灭, 屠杀 deadly adj.致命的, 势不两立的, 死一般的, 极度的, 必定的 deathly adj.死一般的 adv.象死一样地 1.There are some (dead )leaves on the ground. 地上有些枯叶。 2.The terrorists attack caused more than three hundred (death). 恐怖分子的袭击造成了3百人的伤亡。 3.The roar of the explosion was followed by a (deathly) silence. 在死一般的寂静之后是一阵爆炸。 4.In the First World War pneumonia(肺炎) was as (deadly)as bullets and shells 炮弹. 在一战时期，肺炎就如同致命的子弹和炮弹一样,historic - historical,Historic指历史上有重要意义的： the historic first voyage to outer space. It is also used of what is famous or interesting because of its association with persons or events in history: 具有历史意义的首次太空旅行。而且也用于形容那些因与历史事件或人物有联系而有名或有趣的事物： a historic house. Historicalrefers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not: 故居。 Historical是指不管重要与否而在过去存在的所有事物：历史人物。Historical也指与历史或对过去的研究有关的事物： a historical novel; 历史小说； historical discoveries.The differentiation between the words is not complete. They are often used interchangeably: historic timesor historical times. 历史发现。但这两个词并不是截然不同的。它们经常可换用： historic times或 historical times,alike - like -likely alike adj.相同的，相像的（仅作表语，可用much,very much修饰，不能用very修饰）adv.同样地，十分相像地 Mother and I are much alike in many ways. They are dressed alike in blue. 经典习语Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 Like prep.像，相似adj.类似的，相似的（只作定语，是比较正式的用法，前面可用very修饰） He is very like his father. She responded in a like manner. Likely adj.有可能的，可用于句型：sb./sth.be likely to do sth. It is likely that,live - lively - alive - living,1)lovely意为“可爱的”“美好的”。如： a lovely day，a lovely girl 2)alive意为“活着的、有活力的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人或物；在句中做表语宾补或后置定语，不能用作前置定语。如： He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往医院时还活着。 Although he is old, he is still very much alive.虽然年老了，但他仍十分活跃。 The fish is still alive/living.那条鱼还活着。 Keep him alive, please.请让他活下去吧。 He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中唯一活着的人。 After the war,he remained alive.战后他还活着。 Those alive will gather here.活着的人将在此相聚。 3)living意为“活着的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the之后，表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。如： a living plant活的植物 The living will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续死者的工作。 all living things所有生物 the living在世者，活着的人们 Latin is not a living language.拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。 He is still living at the age of 95.95岁了他还活着。,4)livelaiv (1)(动、植物)“活的”“有生命的”“活生生的”，主要用来说鸟或其他动物，作前置定语；如：a live fish一条活鱼；a live tiger一只活老虎 (2)实况的、现场直播的。如：a live report现场报道； a live show/broadcast/TV program现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目 living有精神的，活泼的，快活的，轻快的 Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93. 她爷爷已经93岁了，仍然健在。 5)lively意为活泼的、有生气的、生动的。 “生动的”可用作表语、定语，指人或物。如： a lively child活泼的孩子 a lively description生动的描述 a lively mind活跃的头脑；a lively discussion热烈的讨论 a way of making ones classes lively使课堂生动的方法 He told a lively story about his life in Africa. 他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的生动故事。 Young children are usually lively. 年轻人通常很活泼。,valueless -priceless,valueless 毫无价值的 invaluable非常宝贵的：具有无法估计的价值的；无价的 priceless珍贵的：拥有无法估价的价值的；无价的；极为有趣的，极为荒唐的或极为可笑的。 valuable：指具有高的市场价值的事物，它也指非物质的特征，如利益、重要性或用途。,巩固练习： The World Cup in France was the biggest _ football match in the world. A. aliveB. liveC. livelyD. living 2. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond (反应) to the _ situation. A. likelyB. sameC. alikeD. similar 3. Its _ to rain but not _ before evening. A. possible probableB. probable possible C. possibly probablyD. probably possibly,B,D,A,副词的基本用法,问题1：_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季） A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 问题2： Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (1995 N) A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such,A,B,副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。,A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n. B: such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词； C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。,问题3： We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. (1995上海) A. well, well B. bad, badC. well, badlyD. badly, bad 问题4： Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. （03全国卷） Amuch too heavyBtoo much heavy Cheavy too muchDtoo heavy much,C,A,smell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。,much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。,问题5： John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. (05(广东卷) A. very B. far C. more D. still 问题6： Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be careful with that . (05江西卷) Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery,B,B,副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind ”表示“远远地掉在后面”。,“can never be too ”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越就越好”,常用副词的比较,问题1： It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother.( 2002北京) A. closeB. closelyC. closed D. closing 问题2： We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (1996 N) A. badlyB. hardlyC. strongly D. heavily,A,D,close to 离近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。,表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard; rain heavily等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。,注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 close 与 closely （同根不同形） close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep 与 deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film.,high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多 地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free 与 freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.,另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别 1) just （仅仅，只是，刚刚好完成时）- just now（刚才过去时) 2) rather （贬义）- fairly（褒义) 3) yet - still - already 4) hard - hardly - rarely - scarcely 5) such a + adj. + n. - so + adj. + a + n. 6) most - mostly - almost 7) especially - specially 8) every day - everyday 9) sometime - sometimes -some time,yet - still - already,still的意思是仍然 yet和already是现在完成时的标志， yet 用在疑问句和否定句中， already是已经的意思 例句： Have you brush your teeth yet?你刷牙了吗？ Ive already bushed my teeth. 我已经刷牙了。,hard hardly rarely scarcely,rarely :not often adv. 1. 罕见地，少有地；难得 2. 极好地，出色地 3. 特殊地，非同寻常地 we rarely met Rarely does the narrator comment on or explain a characters actions or thoughts or motives. Theres only the barest minimum of dialogue. 作者极少评价或解释一个人物的行为,或思想或动机，文章中只有不能再直白的对话。 seldom adv.很少，难得，极少（= not often） adj.稀少的，罕见的 She seldom comes to work late. 她极少上班迟到。 hardly adv. 1. 几乎不，简直不，实际上不 2. 不十分 3. 也许不 4. 讽刺语、委婉语不 5. 严厉地，粗鲁地；苛刻地 6. 罕用语费力地，拼命地；辛苦地，艰辛地 7. 用力地；有力地 英语解释 We hardly knew them He hardly ever goes fishing he was hardly more than sixteen years old scarcely adv. 1. 几乎不，简直不；简直没有： I can scarcely hear.我几乎什么也听不见。 2. 决不；肯定不是，肯定没有： to be scarcely the time to do something不是做某事的适当时间 3. 大概不，也许不： You can scarcely have chosen better.恐怕你找不到更好的了。 4. 刚刚，才： He has scarcely gone for Tianjin.他刚走，去天津了。 barely adv. 1. 只有，仅；不多于；几乎不，简直没有；刚刚，勉强 2. 赤裸裸地，不加掩饰地，无遮蔽地，无伪装地；不加发挥地；明白地，公开地，露骨地；直截了当地 3. 光秃秃地；贫乏地，不足地 4. 一丝不挂地，赤身裸体地 5. 古语仅仅，只，不过 英语解释 They could barely hear the speaker.,most - mostly - almost,1.Almost:ad. 几乎,差不多She said almost nothing.她几乎什么都没说。The cliff is almost vertical .那个山崖近乎垂直。I can weigh almost 200 pounds!我的体重将近200磅!2.Most:n. 最多,最大.a. 大多数的,几乎全部的,最多的.ad. 最,最多,极其.It was one of the most important discoveries ever made.这是所做出的最重大的发现之一。Most of them are less than 30.他们中大多数不到30岁。Lazy folk take the most pains.懒人躲懒最费力.3.Mostly:ad. 大概,大部份,主要The work is mostly done.这工作已基本完成。Mostly used to create poti.主要是制造药水。Mostly, the answer will be no.当然，是不可能的。,especially; specially; particular 特别地尤其地 (1)especially 常用于正式文体, 通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步补充或说明， “特别地、尤其地”。 (2)specially常用于口语中，表示为了特别的目的、专门的。 (3)particular含有“特有的”和“个别的”之意。指从众多事例中选出一个 “个别的”，但有时也表示特殊，意义与special相同。 I love this city, especially in winter. He come here specially to see you. Any particular places you want to see?,sometime、sometime、 some times 、some time的用法： sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、 some time(一些时间)表示一段时间 Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains. I will meet your father sometime. I will stay here some time. I have been to HK some times.,巩固练习： Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 2. Would you be _ do me a favor? A. kind enough B. so kind as to C. so kind toD. kind as to 3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month. A. some timeB. sometime C. some timesD. sometimes 4. It is _ that his English is _ perfect. A. sure veryB. right rather C. exact fairlyD. certain quite,D,B,B,D,形容词和副词的级别,1、as as 结构 问题1： John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. （安徽卷） A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 问题2： What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. （湖北卷） Ahalf not as wide asBwide not as half as Cnot half as wide asDas wide as not half,B,C,as tall as “高达”, five foot eight = five feet eight inches,as wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。,说明： 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.,4) 倍数+ the + n + of 倍数+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years junior to my elder sister.,、 more than 结构 问题1：Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. （全国卷3） AbetterBbadClessDwell 问题2： Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. （山东卷） A. largerB. a largerC. the largerD. a large 问题3： The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected. There were many tickets left. Amuch smallerBmuch more Cmuch largerDmany more,A,B,A,问题4： The dictionary gave me a better offer than _. A. that of DicksB. Dicks C. he gave DickD. those of Dick 问题5： Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? ( 上海) A. a bit farB. a little farther C. a bit of fartherD. a little far 问题6： In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. ( 北京春季) A. moreB. otherC. betterD. any,C,B,B,1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。,、of the two 结构 问题1： Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. A. the less expensiveB. the most expensive C. less expensiveD. most expensive 问题2： If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better,说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.,A,D,4、the + 最高级 + 比较范围 问题1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 问题2： Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largestB. that is the largest C. is the largestD. the largest,D,D,1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem.= It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.,注意：a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so as” 结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this.= This is the easiest thing.,5、和more有关的词组 1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样(不)，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.,Goodbye!,