形容词用法课件

形容词,一.定义:用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态.一般分为下面两类:,外观:long, strong, big, round, fat, beautiful, old等 性质:good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等 颜色:red, black, green, blue, white等 性格:kind, cruel, honest, foolish, lazy, rude等 状况:careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry等 评论:great, true, necessary, difficult ,wrong等,性质形容词,关 系 形 容 词,.地域:Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等 .质料:wooden, golden, plastic, metallic(金属的, 含金属的)等 .科技:electric, chemical, atomic, medical等 .意识:communist, social, political, religious等 .行业:industrial, agricultural, economic, military等,二. 形容词的构成: 1).由后缀构成的形容词.,2).复合形容词的构成:,三. 形容词在句子中的作用 形容词在句子中可定语、表语、同位语、宾语补足语、状语等。 E. g.1). She is a brave girl and she can do anything. 2). Mount Tai, the famous in our country, has been visited by millions of travellers every year. 3). Who let the door open? 4). I went to bed hungry. 5). You should keep the classroom clean.,定语,同位语,宾补,状语,宾补,四.形容词的位置. 1).形容词用作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前; 但修饰由不定代词one, no, any, some, every构成的复合代词:如anything, something时, 要放其之后. 2).在些形容词只能作表语,我们也把这些形容词称之为 “表语形容词”. well, ill, able, unable, worth, sorry, sure, glad, fond, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, alike, ashamed 等.,3). 有些形容词只能作定语 wooden, woolen, medical, real, elder, little , daily, weakly, former, latter, very, only, exact等 4). 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词; 如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多, 则音节少的形容词在前, 音节多的在后.常用顺序为:限定词-外观-形状-年龄-颜色-国家-材料. The little white wooden house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.,县 （限）定词:（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、 物主代词，序数词、基数词） 官（观）外观和描绘性：多为表主观看法的形容词 行（形）（大小、长短 、形状、高低、方圆等） 令（龄）指年龄、新、旧等 宴（颜）指颜色的词 国（国）指国籍的词 才（材）指材料、种类的词 E.g .The first beautiful large long new red Chinese concrete bridge . 请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。 a nice big new Chinese china vase .,3). 以-ly结尾的形容词 lovely; friendly; lively; early; silly; ugly; deadly; daily; motherly; homely(朴实的,丑的); timely(及时的,适时的),五. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 : 有规则和不规则两种形式.,1.规则形容词的比较级和最高级（4种）,、直接加-er，-est : young clever brave younger cleverer braver youngest cleverest bravest 、辅音字母 + y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 -er、 -est : happy early heavy happier earlier heavier happiest earliest heaviest,、以一个辅音字母(w、y、r 除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这一辅音字母再加-er、-est fat thin hot slow fatter thinner hotter slower fattest thinnest hottest slowest 、多音节词和派生的双音节词前加 more、most beautiful expensive more beautiful more expensive most beautiful most expensive 反向比较加 less、least less expensive,1) good well,better,best,2) bad ill,worse,worst,3) many much,more,most,4) little,less,least,2.不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。,1）双方比较， 表示一方超过另一方时， 用“比较级than ” 的结构 如This picture is more beautiful than that one . 2）表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less + 原级 than”结构 This room is less beautiful than that one. 3)表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可 在比较级前加表示程度的状语， 如 even , a lot , a bit , a little, still, much , far , yet ,by far等修饰。 如 : He works even harder than before.,3. 比较级的用法,注意： by far 通常用于强调最高级。 用于比较级一般放在比较级的后面，若放在前面，应在二者中间加 the . 如 ：He is taller by far than his brother . He is by far the taller of the two brothers .,4) 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时， 用“ the + 比较级（主语谓语）the +比较级（主语谓语）” 结构 （越.越） The harder he works , the happier he feels .,5) 不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时， 用“比较级 and + 比较级”结构。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful . The weather is getting colder and colder .,6） 某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to 代替than .这些词有inferior (劣等的 ，次的） ，superior上级的，较高的 , junior(资历较浅的）, senior 。 如： He is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.,7) 倍数表达法 1.A is + 倍数 +the size ( height / length /width /depth ) of B 2.A is + 倍数 as as B 3.A is + 倍数 比较级 than B 注意： times 表三倍以上 , 两倍用 twice / double,1）三者或三者以上相比， 表示最高程度时， 用“the + 最高级” 的结构表示。 这种句式一般 常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 如 ：ZhangHua is the tallest of the three . He works (the ) hardest in his class .,4 最高级的用法,2) 表示“最高程度” 的形容词，如 excellent , extreme, perfect等没有最高级， 也没有比较级 。,3）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、 代词时，被修饰的的词往往省略。如： He is the tallest in his class .,六.比较级的基本句型,七. 修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有 rather, much, still, even, far, any, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等. E.g.1).The students study even harder than before. 2). A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.,八. 修饰最高级的有: by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite和 序数词. E.g. 1). The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 2). Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.,九. 几组常用形容词的辩析. 1). alive, live, living, lively living 与alive均表示 “活的”, 但alive是表语形容词, 只作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语，用来说明生死之间的界限; living更强调说明 “尚在人间; 健在，本来以为已经死了，事实上还活着”. live用作定语, 放在名词之前,表示 “活的(动物); 有生命的”, 不修饰人. lively表示 “生动的; 活泼的; 充满生气的”, 用作定语或表语, 既可指人也可指物.,.My first teacher is still_. .The child was found _by the roadside. .Have you seen a _whale? .He had a strange way of making his classes _and interesting. . I feel everything here is very_. .He is regarded as one of the best _writers at present.,living,alive,live,lively,lively,living,2). ill , sick 作 “生病的” 讲时, 二者均可, 但ill不可作定语; ill作 “坏名声的;糟糕的” 讲时, 可作定语, 如ill effect(恶果), ill name(坏名声). Sick 还可表示 “恶心的” 3). older, elder older可指人或物 “年长的; 较旧的”, 可以与比较级连用; elder只用于家庭成员之间的长幼关系, 不与比较级连用.,4).farther, further 指距离上 “较远”时, 二者均可; 指比喻义上的 “进一步”时, 只用further. 5). high, tall tall 指外形高而细长的人,树, 柱子,烟囱等. high指外形庞大而高的山, 建筑物等.,6).likely, probable, possible likely意为 “很可能的”; probable一般指有 “较大的可能”; possible 仅指 “有可能”, 不管可能性大小. likely之后常跟不定式, 也可接从句, 而probable 之后通常接从句, 不跟不定式.possible作表语时, 主语用it 或something, 一般不用人作主语. E.g. .His election is possible, but not probable. .She is likely to succeed. .It is possible that I might be of some use in that part of the work.,7).lost, missing, gone lost用于修饰物时意为 “丢失了的”, a lost pen, ones lost youth; 用于修饰人时意为 “迷途的”, a lost child. missing有 “失踪的, 行踪不明的”之意, 因此, “小孩失踪”应用missing. 修饰物时, 意为 “缺少的, 不在的”, There is a page missing from this book. gone意为 “离开的”, 也可作 “丧失的, 用光的”解. His hair was nearly all gone All his money is gone.,8).calm, quiet , silent, still calm 指天气, 海洋等时表示一种无风无浪的 “平静”; 指人时, 表示镇静平和的心情.如:He remained calm when he saw the man who killed his father. After the storm the sea was calm again. quiet 指没有动静, 没有噪音, 尤指没有骚动的安宁状态.如.Everything was quiet. silent用于事物时, 侧重没有声响; 用于指人时,强调少言寡语. 如.Thats a silent film. Why do you keep silent?still 侧重于 “不动, 静止”时, 与calm, quiet, silent 不能替换.侧重于 “无声” 时可与quiet 替换. After separating from his girlfriend, he stood still ,seeing her go farther and farther.,9). Pleased, pleasant pleased指人对外物感到 “高兴, 满意, 喜欢” be pleased+不定式或从句; be pleased with/ at / about pleasant意为 “令人愉快的,舒畅的, 非常好的, 讨人喜欢的.” E.g. Were pleased about / at your success. They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.,This kind of car sells _ (good, well). 2. He jumps _ (high, highly). 3. They thought _ (high, highly) of her. 4. We were _ (deep, deeply) moved by his story. 5.This soup tastes _ (good, well).,well,high,highly,deeply,6.The story sounds _ (interesting, interestingly).,7.She looked _ (angry, angrily).,8. She looked _ (angry, angrily) at the robbers.,good,interesting,angry,angrily,10.the coldest 11.less,more 12.fitter 13.good 14.pale 15.interested 16.exciting,excited 17.surprised 18.moving,moved,1.the longest 2.the thinnest 3.the most beautiful 4.the largest 5.the most expensive 6.the best 7.the nearest 8.the most interesting 9.the hottest,cold hard/difficult free bright dear/expensive thin different dirty fast harmless,dead good sad well first careless worse empty low near,light,1.something strange 2.shorter and shorter 3.much/a little/a bit more 4.a five-meter-deep ditch 5.our busiest 6.one of the most beautiful parks in Beijing.,7.big fat black dogs 8.an interesting old French oil painting 9.on the same day as Lileis 10.among the three sisters,